苹果花期冻害气象指标和风险评估

花期冻害是影响苹果产量和品质形成的主要气象灾害之一。基于苹果花期冻害发生的地理分布、气象背景数据和已有研究成果,利用最大熵模型和ArcGIS空间分析工具,筛选出影响苹果花期冻害发生分布的暴露性指标和主要致灾气象因子,利用全国1981—201 3年2084个气象站资料,评估了苹果主产区花期冻害的风险。结果显示:苹果花期冻害发生的暴露性指标是花前日最高气温大于等于6℃有效积温为420~550℃·d,主要致灾气象因子和高风险阈值按照贡献率大小依次为冻害过程的最大日较差(大于等于22℃)、极端最低气温(小于等于—2℃)、降水量(小于等于5 mm)和日最低气温小于等于0℃积温(小于等于—14℃·d)。花...

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Published in应用气象学报 Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. 385 - 395
Main Author 屈振江 周广胜 魏钦平
Format Journal Article
LanguageChinese
Published 陕西省经济作物气象服务台,西安,710015%中国气象科学研究院,北京,100081%北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京,100093 2016
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ISSN1001-7313
DOI10.11898/1001-7313.20160401

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Summary:花期冻害是影响苹果产量和品质形成的主要气象灾害之一。基于苹果花期冻害发生的地理分布、气象背景数据和已有研究成果,利用最大熵模型和ArcGIS空间分析工具,筛选出影响苹果花期冻害发生分布的暴露性指标和主要致灾气象因子,利用全国1981—201 3年2084个气象站资料,评估了苹果主产区花期冻害的风险。结果显示:苹果花期冻害发生的暴露性指标是花前日最高气温大于等于6℃有效积温为420~550℃·d,主要致灾气象因子和高风险阈值按照贡献率大小依次为冻害过程的最大日较差(大于等于22℃)、极端最低气温(小于等于—2℃)、降水量(小于等于5 mm)和日最低气温小于等于0℃积温(小于等于—14℃·d)。花期冻害风险较高的区域位于北疆、黄土高原西部和北部及川西高原区,而环渤海湾和黄河故道产区风险相对较低。不同风险区的分布与各地苹果物候期差异和春季冷空气的活动路径有关。
Bibliography:Qu Zhenjiang, Zhou Guangsheng, Wei Qinping(Shaanxi Meteorological Service Station for Economic Crops, Xi' an 710015;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081;Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093)
11-2690/P
Frost injury during the florescence is one of the most serious meteorological disasters affecting the production and quality of apple.In temperate regions,effects of frost damage on deciduous fruit trees during florescence exceed effects of winter freeze.The risk of frost injury in the apple florescence depends on the developmental stage and disaster-causing factors.The minimum temperatures or frost days are usually adopted as disaster-causing factors,but single index cannot reflect combined effects of meteorological factors on frost injury.The disaster exposure index and the dominant disaster-causing factors are determined based on the geographical distribution of frost injury during the apple florescence,meteorological data,together with the maximum entropy(Max
ISSN:1001-7313
DOI:10.11898/1001-7313.20160401