Tracking fat-free mass changes in elderly men and women using single-frequency bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: a four-compartment model comparison

Background/Objectives: To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans. Subjects/Methods: Thirty-fou...

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Published inEuropean journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 67; no. Suppl 1; pp. S40 - S46
Main Authors Moon, J R, Stout, J R, Smith-Ryan, A E, Kendall, K L, Fukuda, D H, Cramer, J T, Moon, S E
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.01.2013
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
631/1647/2204/1453
692/700/1421/1770
692/700/1518
Absorptiometry, Photon - methods
Aged
Anthropometry - methods
Bioelectricity
Body Composition
Body fat
Body Fluid Compartments
Clinical Nutrition
Comparative analysis
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Electric Impedance
Electrophysiology
Epidemiology
European Continental Ancestry Group
Exercise
Fat-free body mass
Female
Frequency analysis
Health aspects
Humans
Impedance
Impedance, Bioelectric
Internal Medicine
Male
Mathematical Concepts
Mathematical models
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Men
Metabolic Diseases
Model accuracy
Models, Biological
Older people
original-article
Physiological aspects
Population biology
Public Health
Reference Values
Reproducibility of Results
Sarcopenia
Sex Factors
Standard error
Tracking
Training
United States
Women
X-rays
United States
body composition
ageing
hypertrophy
sarcopenia
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Abstract Background/Objectives: To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans. Subjects/Methods: Thirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, ⩾65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group or the exercise group. All testing and training took place during the 21-week investigation. Body composition assessments using nine BIA equations, DXA and a 4C model were performed during weeks 1, 12 and 24 of the study. Results: Single estimations for DXA and BIA produced high r values (0.79–0.95) and low standard error of estimate values (1.62–3.3 kg), producing subjective ratings of ‘ideal’ for men and ‘excellent’ for women. Both DXA and two BIA equations revealed the same significance when comparing groups and times with the 4C model. Individual accuracy for tracking changes was similar among BIA equations and DXA compared with the 4C model, with a total agreement of 25% for BIA and 27% for DXA compared with the 4C model. Conclusions: The current data in combination with the reliability errors for both BIA and DXA FFM estimations suggest that individual results should be interpreted with caution if FFM changes are <5 kg. However, DXA and BIA are both valid methods that can be used interchangeably to estimate FFM at a single time point or for tracking changes in FFM in small groups (15–22) of healthy American older adults.
AbstractList To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans. Thirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, ≥ 65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group or the exercise group. All testing and training took place during the 21-week investigation. Body composition assessments using nine BIA equations, DXA and a 4C model were performed during weeks 1, 12 and 24 of the study. Single estimations for DXA and BIA produced high r values (0.79-0.95) and low standard error of estimate values (1.62-3.3 kg), producing subjective ratings of 'ideal' for men and 'excellent' for women. Both DXA and two BIA equations revealed the same significance when comparing groups and times with the 4C model. Individual accuracy for tracking changes was similar among BIA equations and DXA compared with the 4C model, with a total agreement of 25% for BIA and 27% for DXA compared with the 4C model. The current data in combination with the reliability errors for both BIA and DXA FFM estimations suggest that individual results should be interpreted with caution if FFM changes are <5 kg. However, DXA and BIA are both valid methods that can be used interchangeably to estimate FFM at a single time point or for tracking changes in FFM in small groups (15-22) of healthy American older adults.
Background/Objectives: To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans. Subjects/Methods: Thirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, ⩾65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group or the exercise group. All testing and training took place during the 21-week investigation. Body composition assessments using nine BIA equations, DXA and a 4C model were performed during weeks 1, 12 and 24 of the study. Results: Single estimations for DXA and BIA produced high r values (0.79–0.95) and low standard error of estimate values (1.62–3.3 kg), producing subjective ratings of ‘ideal’ for men and ‘excellent’ for women. Both DXA and two BIA equations revealed the same significance when comparing groups and times with the 4C model. Individual accuracy for tracking changes was similar among BIA equations and DXA compared with the 4C model, with a total agreement of 25% for BIA and 27% for DXA compared with the 4C model. Conclusions: The current data in combination with the reliability errors for both BIA and DXA FFM estimations suggest that individual results should be interpreted with caution if FFM changes are <5 kg. However, DXA and BIA are both valid methods that can be used interchangeably to estimate FFM at a single time point or for tracking changes in FFM in small groups (15–22) of healthy American older adults.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, ≥ 65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group or the exercise group. All testing and training took place during the 21-week investigation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, S40-S46; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.163
To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans.BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans.Thirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, ≥ 65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group or the exercise group. All testing and training took place during the 21-week investigation. Body composition assessments using nine BIA equations, DXA and a 4C model were performed during weeks 1, 12 and 24 of the study.SUBJECTS/METHODSThirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, ≥ 65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group or the exercise group. All testing and training took place during the 21-week investigation. Body composition assessments using nine BIA equations, DXA and a 4C model were performed during weeks 1, 12 and 24 of the study.Single estimations for DXA and BIA produced high r values (0.79-0.95) and low standard error of estimate values (1.62-3.3 kg), producing subjective ratings of 'ideal' for men and 'excellent' for women. Both DXA and two BIA equations revealed the same significance when comparing groups and times with the 4C model. Individual accuracy for tracking changes was similar among BIA equations and DXA compared with the 4C model, with a total agreement of 25% for BIA and 27% for DXA compared with the 4C model.RESULTSSingle estimations for DXA and BIA produced high r values (0.79-0.95) and low standard error of estimate values (1.62-3.3 kg), producing subjective ratings of 'ideal' for men and 'excellent' for women. Both DXA and two BIA equations revealed the same significance when comparing groups and times with the 4C model. Individual accuracy for tracking changes was similar among BIA equations and DXA compared with the 4C model, with a total agreement of 25% for BIA and 27% for DXA compared with the 4C model.The current data in combination with the reliability errors for both BIA and DXA FFM estimations suggest that individual results should be interpreted with caution if FFM changes are <5 kg. However, DXA and BIA are both valid methods that can be used interchangeably to estimate FFM at a single time point or for tracking changes in FFM in small groups (15-22) of healthy American older adults.CONCLUSIONSThe current data in combination with the reliability errors for both BIA and DXA FFM estimations suggest that individual results should be interpreted with caution if FFM changes are <5 kg. However, DXA and BIA are both valid methods that can be used interchangeably to estimate FFM at a single time point or for tracking changes in FFM in small groups (15-22) of healthy American older adults.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, ≥ 65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group or the exercise group. All testing and training took place during the 21-week investigation. Body composition assessments using nine BIA equations, DXA and a 4C model were performed during weeks 1, 12 and 24 of the study. RESULTS: Single estimations for DXA and BIA produced high r values (0.79-0.95) and low standard error of estimate values (1.62-3.3 kg), producing subjective ratings of 'ideal' for men and 'excellent' for women. Both DXA and two BIA equations revealed the same significance when comparing groups and times with the 4C model. Individual accuracy for tracking changes was similar among BIA equations and DXA compared with the 4C model, with a total agreement of 25% for BIA and 27% for DXA compared with the 4C model. CONCLUSIONS: The current data in combination with the reliability errors for both BIA and DXA FFM estimations suggest that individual results should be interpreted with caution if FFM changes are <5 kg. However, DXA and BIA are both valid methods that can be used interchangeably to estimate FFM at a single time point or for tracking changes in FFM in small groups (15- 22) of healthy American older adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, S40-S46; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.163 Keywords: body composition; ageing; hypertrophy; sarcopenia
Background/Objectives:To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans.Subjects/Methods:Thirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, 65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group or the exercise group. All testing and training took place during the 21-week investigation. Body composition assessments using nine BIA equations, DXA and a 4C model were performed during weeks 1, 12 and 24 of the study.Results:Single estimations for DXA and BIA produced high r values (0.79-0.95) and low standard error of estimate values (1.62-3.3kg), producing subjective ratings of 'ideal' for men and 'excellent' for women. Both DXA and two BIA equations revealed the same significance when comparing groups and times with the 4C model. Individual accuracy for tracking changes was similar among BIA equations and DXA compared with the 4C model, with a total agreement of 25% for BIA and 27% for DXA compared with the 4C model.Conclusions:The current data in combination with the reliability errors for both BIA and DXA FFM estimations suggest that individual results should be interpreted with caution if FFM changes are <5kg. However, DXA and BIA are both valid methods that can be used interchangeably to estimate FFM at a single time point or for tracking changes in FFM in small groups (15-22) of healthy American older adults.
Background/Objectives:To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) compared with a four-compartment (4C) model in healthy elderly Americans.Subjects/Methods:Thirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, ⩾65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group or the exercise group. All testing and training took place during the 21-week investigation. Body composition assessments using nine BIA equations, DXA and a 4C model were performed during weeks 1, 12 and 24 of the study.Results:Single estimations for DXA and BIA produced high r values (0.79–0.95) and low standard error of estimate values (1.62–3.3 kg), producing subjective ratings of ‘ideal’ for men and ‘excellent’ for women. Both DXA and two BIA equations revealed the same significance when comparing groups and times with the 4C model. Individual accuracy for tracking changes was similar among BIA equations and DXA compared with the 4C model, with a total agreement of 25% for BIA and 27% for DXA compared with the 4C model.Conclusions:The current data in combination with the reliability errors for both BIA and DXA FFM estimations suggest that individual results should be interpreted with caution if FFM changes are <5 kg. However, DXA and BIA are both valid methods that can be used interchangeably to estimate FFM at a single time point or for tracking changes in FFM in small groups (15–22) of healthy American older adults.
Audience Professional
Academic
Author Stout, J R
Smith-Ryan, A E
Cramer, J T
Kendall, K L
Moon, J R
Fukuda, D H
Moon, S E
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  surname: Moon
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  email: Jordan@musclepharm.com
  organization: Department of Sports Exercise Science, United States Sports Academy, MusclePharm Sports Science Center Research Institute
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  givenname: J R
  surname: Stout
  fullname: Stout, J R
  organization: Sport and Exercise Science Program, University of Central Florida
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  givenname: A E
  surname: Smith-Ryan
  fullname: Smith-Ryan, A E
  organization: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
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  givenname: K L
  surname: Kendall
  fullname: Kendall, K L
  organization: Department of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University
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  givenname: D H
  surname: Fukuda
  fullname: Fukuda, D H
  organization: Department of Exercise Science, Creighton University
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  givenname: S E
  surname: Moon
  fullname: Moon, S E
  organization: Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299870$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013
COPYRIGHT 2013 Nature Publishing Group
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IEDL.DBID 7X7
ISSN 0954-3007
1476-5640
IngestDate Sun Aug 24 03:28:29 EDT 2025
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IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue Suppl 1
Keywords body composition
ageing
hypertrophy
sarcopenia
Language English
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  year: 2013
  text: 2013-01-01
  day: 01
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PublicationTitle European journal of clinical nutrition
PublicationTitleAbbrev Eur J Clin Nutr
PublicationTitleAlternate Eur J Clin Nutr
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Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
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Snippet Background/Objectives: To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and...
To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and...
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-four men and thirty-eight women (Caucasian, ≥ 65 years) were included in the study. Subjects participated in either the control group...
Background/Objectives:To compare single estimations of fat-free mass (FFM) and to track FFM using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and...
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SubjectTerms 631/1647/2204/1453
692/700/1421/1770
692/700/1518
Absorptiometry, Photon - methods
Aged
Anthropometry - methods
Bioelectricity
Body Composition
Body fat
Body Fluid Compartments
Clinical Nutrition
Comparative analysis
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Electric Impedance
Electrophysiology
Epidemiology
European Continental Ancestry Group
Exercise
Fat-free body mass
Female
Frequency analysis
Health aspects
Humans
Impedance
Impedance, Bioelectric
Internal Medicine
Male
Mathematical Concepts
Mathematical models
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Men
Metabolic Diseases
Model accuracy
Models, Biological
Older people
original-article
Physiological aspects
Population biology
Public Health
Reference Values
Reproducibility of Results
Sarcopenia
Sex Factors
Standard error
Tracking
Training
United States
Women
X-rays
Title Tracking fat-free mass changes in elderly men and women using single-frequency bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: a four-compartment model comparison
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/ejcn.2012.163
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299870
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Volume 67
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