The central role of tRNA in genetic code expansion
The development of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) for genetic code expansion (GCE) has allowed for the incorporation of a diverse array of non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) into proteins. Transfer RNA, the central molecule in the translation of the genetic message into proteins, plays a signif...
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| Published in | Biochimica et biophysica acta Vol. 1861; no. 11; pp. 3001 - 3008 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
01.11.2017
Elsevier |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The development of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) for genetic code expansion (GCE) has allowed for the incorporation of a diverse array of non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) into proteins. Transfer RNA, the central molecule in the translation of the genetic message into proteins, plays a significant role in the efficiency of ncAA incorporation.
Here we review the biochemical basis of OTSs for genetic code expansion. We focus on the role of tRNA and discuss strategies used to engineer tRNA for the improvement of ncAA incorporation into proteins.
The engineering of orthogonal tRNAs for GCE has significantly improved the incorporation of ncAAs. However, there are numerous unintended consequences of orthogonal tRNA engineering that cannot be predicted ab initio.
Genetic code expansion has allowed for the incorporation of a great diversity of ncAAs and novel chemistries into proteins, making significant contributions to our understanding of biological molecules and interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments” Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue.
[Display omitted]
•Transfer RNA is the central molecule in the translation of nucleic acid into protein.•Engineering of orthogonal tRNA (o-tRNA) interactions with host translational machinery aids genetic code expansion (GCE).•There are many unexpected outcomes of o-tRNA engineering.•Full orthogonality of tRNAs devoted to GCE is vital for cellular fitness. |
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| AbstractList | The development of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) for genetic code expansion (GCE) has allowed for the incorporation of a diverse array of non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) into proteins. Transfer RNA, the central molecule in the translation of the genetic message into proteins, plays a significant role in the efficiency of ncAA incorporation.
Here we review the biochemical basis of OTSs for genetic code expansion. We focus on the role of tRNA and discuss strategies used to engineer tRNA for the improvement of ncAA incorporation into proteins.
The engineering of orthogonal tRNAs for GCE has significantly improved the incorporation of ncAAs. However, there are numerous unintended consequences of orthogonal tRNA engineering that cannot be predicted ab initio.
Genetic code expansion has allowed for the incorporation of a great diversity of ncAAs and novel chemistries into proteins, making significant contributions to our understanding of biological molecules and interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments" Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue. The development of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) for genetic code expansion (GCE) has allowed for the incorporation of a diverse array of non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) into proteins. Transfer RNA, the central molecule in the translation of the genetic message into proteins, plays a significant role in the efficiency of ncAA incorporation.BACKGROUNDThe development of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) for genetic code expansion (GCE) has allowed for the incorporation of a diverse array of non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) into proteins. Transfer RNA, the central molecule in the translation of the genetic message into proteins, plays a significant role in the efficiency of ncAA incorporation.Here we review the biochemical basis of OTSs for genetic code expansion. We focus on the role of tRNA and discuss strategies used to engineer tRNA for the improvement of ncAA incorporation into proteins.SCOPE OF REVIEWHere we review the biochemical basis of OTSs for genetic code expansion. We focus on the role of tRNA and discuss strategies used to engineer tRNA for the improvement of ncAA incorporation into proteins.The engineering of orthogonal tRNAs for GCE has significantly improved the incorporation of ncAAs. However, there are numerous unintended consequences of orthogonal tRNA engineering that cannot be predicted ab initio.MAJOR CONCLUSIONSThe engineering of orthogonal tRNAs for GCE has significantly improved the incorporation of ncAAs. However, there are numerous unintended consequences of orthogonal tRNA engineering that cannot be predicted ab initio.Genetic code expansion has allowed for the incorporation of a great diversity of ncAAs and novel chemistries into proteins, making significant contributions to our understanding of biological molecules and interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments" Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue.GENERAL SIGNIFICANCEGenetic code expansion has allowed for the incorporation of a great diversity of ncAAs and novel chemistries into proteins, making significant contributions to our understanding of biological molecules and interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments" Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue. The development of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) for genetic code expansion (GCE) has allowed for the incorporation of a diverse array of non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) into proteins. Transfer RNA, the central molecule in the translation of the genetic message into proteins, plays a significant role in the efficiency of ncAA incorporation. Here we review the biochemical basis of OTSs for genetic code expansion. We focus on the role of tRNA and discuss strategies used to engineer tRNA for the improvement of ncAA incorporation into proteins. The engineering of orthogonal tRNAs for GCE has significantly improved the incorporation of ncAAs. However, there are numerous unintended consequences of orthogonal tRNA engineering that cannot be predicted ab initio. Genetic code expansion has allowed for the incorporation of a great diversity of ncAAs and novel chemistries into proteins, making significant contributions to our understanding of biological molecules and interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments” Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue. [Display omitted] •Transfer RNA is the central molecule in the translation of nucleic acid into protein.•Engineering of orthogonal tRNA (o-tRNA) interactions with host translational machinery aids genetic code expansion (GCE).•There are many unexpected outcomes of o-tRNA engineering.•Full orthogonality of tRNAs devoted to GCE is vital for cellular fitness. The development of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) for genetic code expansion (GCE) has allowed for the incorporation of a diverse array of non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) into proteins. Transfer RNA, the central molecule in the translation of the genetic message into proteins, plays a significant role in the efficiency of ncAA incorporation.Here we review the biochemical basis of OTSs for genetic code expansion. We focus on the role of tRNA and discuss strategies used to engineer tRNA for the improvement of ncAA incorporation into proteins.The engineering of orthogonal tRNAs for GCE has significantly improved the incorporation of ncAAs. However, there are numerous unintended consequences of orthogonal tRNA engineering that cannot be predicted ab initio.Genetic code expansion has allowed for the incorporation of a great diversity of ncAAs and novel chemistries into proteins, making significant contributions to our understanding of biological molecules and interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments” Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue. Not provided. |
| Author | Söll, Dieter Reynolds, Noah M. Vargas-Rodriguez, Oscar Crnković, Ana |
| AuthorAffiliation | b Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, USA a Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: a Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, USA – name: b Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Noah M. surname: Reynolds fullname: Reynolds, Noah M. email: noah.reynolds@yale.edu organization: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Oscar surname: Vargas-Rodriguez fullname: Vargas-Rodriguez, Oscar organization: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Dieter surname: Söll fullname: Söll, Dieter organization: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Ana surname: Crnković fullname: Crnković, Ana email: ana.crnkovic@yale.edu organization: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28323071$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1538022$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| Keywords | Genetic code expansion Non-canonical amino acids Synthetic biology Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases Transfer RNA Orthogonal tRNAs |
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| Snippet | The development of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) for genetic code expansion (GCE) has allowed for the incorporation of a diverse array of non-canonical... Not provided. |
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| SubjectTerms | amino acids Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases - genetics Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases - metabolism Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases Animals Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Biophysics genetic code Genetic Code - genetics Genetic code expansion Humans Models, Molecular Non-canonical amino acids Orthogonal tRNAs Protein Biosynthesis - genetics Protein Engineering - methods proteins RNA, Transfer - physiology Synthetic biology Synthetic Biology - methods Transfer RNA |
| Title | The central role of tRNA in genetic code expansion |
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