The Impact of a Physical Activity Intervention Program on Academic Achievement in a Swedish Elementary School Setting

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of...

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Published inThe Journal of school health Vol. 84; no. 8; pp. 473 - 480
Main Authors Käll, Lina B., Nilsson, Michael, Lindén, Thomas
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Malden, USA Wiley Periodicals, Inc 01.08.2014
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley
American School Health Association
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Subjects
Academic Achievement
Academic Records
Achievement Gains
ADOLESCENTS
Analysis
Biological and medical sciences
BODY-COMPOSITION
Child
children
Company business management
Control Groups
Correlation
Cross-Sectional Studies
Curricula
Curriculum
Early intervention
EDUCATION
Educational Objectives
educational outcome
Educational psychology
Educational Status
Elementary Education
Elementary School Students
Elementary schools
Exercise
Experimental Groups
FITNESS
Foreign Countries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Goals
Grade 5
Health aspects
Health promotion
Humans
Hypothesis Testing
Idrottsvetenskap och fitness
INFLAMMATION
Influence
Instructional Improvement
Intervention
Learning
Logistic Models
Management
Mathematics
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
National Standards
Objectives
OF-THE-LITERATURE
Outcomes of Education
Physical Activities
Physical activity
Physical Activity Level
Prevention and actions
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Pupil and student. Academic achievement and failure
Regression (Statistics)
School Health Services
school-based
Schools
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Student health services
Sweden
Training
YOUTH
Sweden
Europe
Human
Physical exercise
Academic achievement
Program
Prognosis
Education level
exercise
Health service
School environment
children
educational outcome
school-based
intervention
Child
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0022-4391
1746-1561
1746-1561
DOI10.1111/josh.12179

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Abstract ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic performance. METHODS A controlled cross‐sectional design was used to investigate the hypothesis that the intervention program would increase the proportion of students in grade 5 who achieved the national learning goals in Swedish, mathematics, and English compared with 3 reference schools. Academic results from the years prior to and during the intervention program were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses assessed the odds of achieving the national learning goals when the intervention program was integrated into the elementary curricula. RESULTS Higher proportions of students in the intervention school achieved the national goals in all 3 subjects compared with the reference schools after initiation of the intervention program. The odds for achieving the national learning goals in the intervention school increased 2‐fold (p < .05), whereas these odds either did not change or decreased in the reference schools. CONCLUSION Promoting physical activity in school by means of a curriculum‐based intervention program may improve children's educational outcome.
AbstractList Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic performance.BACKGROUNDDespite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic performance.A controlled cross-sectional design was used to investigate the hypothesis that the intervention program would increase the proportion of students in grade 5 who achieved the national learning goals in Swedish, mathematics, and English compared with 3 reference schools. Academic results from the years prior to and during the intervention program were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses assessed the odds of achieving the national learning goals when the intervention program was integrated into the elementary curricula.METHODSA controlled cross-sectional design was used to investigate the hypothesis that the intervention program would increase the proportion of students in grade 5 who achieved the national learning goals in Swedish, mathematics, and English compared with 3 reference schools. Academic results from the years prior to and during the intervention program were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses assessed the odds of achieving the national learning goals when the intervention program was integrated into the elementary curricula.Higher proportions of students in the intervention school achieved the national goals in all 3 subjects compared with the reference schools after initiation of the intervention program. The odds for achieving the national learning goals in the intervention school increased 2-fold (p < .05), whereas these odds either did not change or decreased in the reference schools.RESULTSHigher proportions of students in the intervention school achieved the national goals in all 3 subjects compared with the reference schools after initiation of the intervention program. The odds for achieving the national learning goals in the intervention school increased 2-fold (p < .05), whereas these odds either did not change or decreased in the reference schools.Promoting physical activity in school by means of a curriculum-based intervention program may improve children's educational outcome.CONCLUSIONPromoting physical activity in school by means of a curriculum-based intervention program may improve children's educational outcome.
Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic performance. A controlled cross-sectional design was used to investigate the hypothesis that the intervention program would increase the proportion of students in grade 5 who achieved the national learning goals in Swedish, mathematics, and English compared with 3 reference schools. Academic results from the years prior to and during the intervention program were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses assessed the odds of achieving the national learning goals when the intervention program was integrated into the elementary curricula. Higher proportions of students in the intervention school achieved the national goals in all 3 subjects compared with the reference schools after initiation of the intervention program. The odds for achieving the national learning goals in the intervention school increased 2-fold (p < .05), whereas these odds either did not change or decreased in the reference schools. Promoting physical activity in school by means of a curriculum-based intervention program may improve children's educational outcome.
Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic performance. A controlled cross-sectional design was used to investigate the hypothesis that the intervention program would increase the proportion of students in grade 5 who achieved the national learning goals in Swedish, mathematics, and English compared with 3 reference schools. Academic results from the years prior to and during the intervention program were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses assessed the odds of achieving the national learning goals when the intervention program was integrated into the elementary curricula. Higher proportions of students in the intervention school achieved the national goals in all 3 subjects compared with the reference schools after initiation of the intervention program. The odds for achieving the national learning goals in the intervention school increased 2-fold (p < .05), whereas these odds either did not change or decreased in the reference schools. Promoting physical activity in school by means of a curriculum-based intervention program may improve children's educational outcome. Adapted from the source document.
BACKGROUND Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic performance. METHODS A controlled cross-sectional design was used to investigate the hypothesis that the intervention program would increase the proportion of students in grade 5 who achieved the national learning goals in Swedish, mathematics, and English compared with 3 reference schools. Academic results from the years prior to and during the intervention program were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses assessed the odds of achieving the national learning goals when the intervention program was integrated into the elementary curricula. RESULTS Higher proportions of students in the intervention school achieved the national goals in all 3 subjects compared with the reference schools after initiation of the intervention program. The odds for achieving the national learning goals in the intervention school increased 2-fold (p<.05), whereas these odds either did not change or decreased in the reference schools. CONCLUSION Promoting physical activity in school by means of a curriculum-based intervention program may improve children's educational outcome.
Background: Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic performance. Methods: A controlled cross-sectional design was used to investigate the hypothesis that the intervention program would increase the proportion of students in grade 5 who achieved the national learning goals in Swedish, mathematics, and English compared with 3 reference schools. Academic results from the years prior to and during the intervention program were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses assessed the odds of achieving the national learning goals when the intervention program was integrated into the elementary curricula. Results: Higher proportions of students in the intervention school achieved the national goals in all 3 subjects compared with the reference schools after initiation of the intervention program. The odds for achieving the national learning goals in the intervention school increased 2-fold (p?<?0.05), whereas these odds either did not change or decreased in the reference schools. Conclusion: Promoting physical activity in school by means of a curriculum-based intervention program may improve children's educational outcome.
BACKGROUND Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic performance. METHODS A controlled cross-sectional design was used to investigate the hypothesis that the intervention program would increase the proportion of students in grade 5 who achieved the national learning goals in Swedish, mathematics, and English compared with 3 reference schools. Academic results from the years prior to and during the intervention program were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses assessed the odds of achieving the national learning goals when the intervention program was integrated into the elementary curricula. RESULTS Higher proportions of students in the intervention school achieved the national goals in all 3 subjects compared with the reference schools after initiation of the intervention program. The odds for achieving the national learning goals in the intervention school increased 2-fold (p<.05), whereas these odds either did not change or decreased in the reference schools. CONCLUSION Promoting physical activity in school by means of a curriculum-based intervention program may improve children's educational outcome. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the effects of physical activity on academic achievement is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a physical activity intervention program on academic performance. METHODS A controlled cross‐sectional design was used to investigate the hypothesis that the intervention program would increase the proportion of students in grade 5 who achieved the national learning goals in Swedish, mathematics, and English compared with 3 reference schools. Academic results from the years prior to and during the intervention program were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses assessed the odds of achieving the national learning goals when the intervention program was integrated into the elementary curricula. RESULTS Higher proportions of students in the intervention school achieved the national goals in all 3 subjects compared with the reference schools after initiation of the intervention program. The odds for achieving the national learning goals in the intervention school increased 2‐fold (p < .05), whereas these odds either did not change or decreased in the reference schools. CONCLUSION Promoting physical activity in school by means of a curriculum‐based intervention program may improve children's educational outcome.
Audience Grade 5
Professional
Academic
Author Käll, Lina B.
Nilsson, Michael
Lindén, Thomas
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  givenname: Lina B.
  surname: Käll
  fullname: Käll, Lina B.
  email: lina.bunketorp-kall@neuro.gu.se
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  givenname: Michael
  surname: Nilsson
  fullname: Nilsson, Michael
  organization: Director and Professor, (michael.nilsson@hmri.com.au), Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)/University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia; Visiting Professor, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Thomas
  surname: Lindén
  fullname: Lindén, Thomas
  organization: Associate Professor/Senior Lecturer, (thomas.linden@neuro.gu.se), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden; Conjoint Associate Professor, Hunter Medical Research Institute/University of Newcastle, New Lambton NSW 2305, Australia; Visiting Professor, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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Issue 8
Keywords Human
Physical exercise
Academic achievement
Program
Prognosis
Education level
exercise
Health service
School environment
children
educational outcome
school-based
intervention
Child
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
2014, American School Health Association.
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References Rasberry CN, Lee SM, Robin L, et al. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance: a systematic review of the literature. Prev Med. 2011;52(Suppl 1):S10-S20.
Davis-Kean PE. The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: the indirect role of parental expectations and the home environment. J Fam Psychol. 2005;19(2):294-304.
Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, et al. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. J Pediatr. 2005;146(6):732-737.
Noble KG, Norman MF, Farah MJ. Neurocognitive correlates of socioeconomic status in kindergarten children. Dev Sci. 2005;8(1):74-87.
Van Dusen DP, Kelder SH, Kohl HW III, Ranjit N, Perry CL. Associations of physical fitness and academic performance among schoolchildren. J Sch Health. 2011;81(12):733-740.
Angevaren M, Aufdemkampe G, Verhaar HJ, Aleman A, Vanhees L. Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;3:CD005381.
Keeley TJH, Fox KR. The impact of physical activity and fitness on academic achievement and cognitive performance in children. Int Rev Sports Exerc Psychol. 2009;2(2):198-214.
Salmon J, Brown H, Hume C. Effects of strategies to promote children's physical activity on potential mediators. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(Suppl 1):S66-S73.
Fedewa AL, Ahn S. The effects of physical activity and physical fitness on children's achievement and cognitive outcomes: a meta-analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2011;82(3):521-535.
Ahamed Y, Macdonald H, Reed K, Naylor PJ, Liu-Ambrose T, McKay H. School-based physical activity does not compromise children's academic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(2):371-376.
Chomitz VR, Slining MM, McGowan RJ, Mitchell SE, Dawson GF, Hacker KA. Is there a relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement? Positive results from public school children in the northeastern United States. J Sch Health. 2009;79(1):30-37.
Sacchetti R, Ceciliani A, Garulli A, Dallolio L, Beltrami P, Leoni E. Effects of a 2-year school-based intervention of enhanced physical education in the primary school. J Sch Health. 2013;83(9):639-646.
Etnier JL, Nowell PM, Landers DM, Sibley BA. A meta-regression to examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance. Brain Res Rev. 2006;52(1):119-130.
Lubans DR, Foster C, Biddle SJ. A review of mediators of behavior in interventions to promote physical activity among children and adolescents. Prev Med. 2008;47(5):463-470.
Kwak L, Kremers SP, Bergman P, Ruiz JR, Rizzo NS, Sjostrom M. Associations between physical activity, fitness, and academic achievement. J Pediatr. 2009;155(6):914-918.
Stone EJ, McKenzie TL, Welk GJ, Booth ML. Effects of physical activity interventions in youth. Review and synthesis. Am J Prev Med. 1998;15(4):298-315.
Naylor PJ, McKay HA. Prevention in the first place: schools a setting for action on physical inactivity. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(1):10-13.
Shephard RJ. Habitual physical activity and academic performance. Nutr Rev. 1996;54(4 Pt 2):S32-S36.
Eveland-Sayers BM, Farley RS, Fuller DK, Morgan DW, Caputo JL. Physical fitness and academic achievement in elementary school children. J Phys Act Health. 2009;6(1):99-104.
Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Lee SM, et al. Physical education and academic achievement in elementary school: data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(4):721-727.
Donnelly JE, Lambourne K. Classroom-based physical activity, cognition, and academic achievement. Prev Med. 2011;52(Suppl 1):S36-S42.
Singh A, Uijtdewilligen L, Twisk JW, van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJ. Physical activity and performance at school: a systematic review of the literature including a methodological quality assessment. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(1):49-55.
Trudeau F, Shephard RJ. Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008;5(10).
Verstraete SJ, Cardon GM, De Clercq DL, De Bourdeaudhuij IM. A comprehensive physical activity promotion programme at elementary school: the effects on physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial correlates of physical activity. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(5):477-484.
Castelli DM, Hillman CH, Buck SM, Erwin HE. Physical fitness and academic achievement in third- and fifth-grade students. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2007;29(2):239-252.
Coe DP, Pivarnik JM, Womack CJ, Reeves MJ, Malina RM. Effect of physical education and activity levels on academic achievement in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(8):1515-1519.
Cooper P. Social, emotional and behavioral difficulties, social class and educational attainment which are the chickens and which are the eggs? Emot Behav Diff. 2005;10(2):75-77.
Bruner MW, Chad KE, Beattie-Flath JA, et al. Examination of physical activity in adolescents over the school year. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2009;21(4):421-435.
Aberg MA, Pedersen NL, Toren K, et al. Cardiovascular fitness is associated with cognition in young adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(49):20906-20911.
Taras H. Physical activity and student performance at school. J Sch Health. 2005;75(6):214-218.
Ploughman M. Exercise is brain food: the effects of physical activity on cognitive function. Dev Neurorehabil. 2008;11(3):236-240.
Dobbins M, Husson H, DeCorby K, LaRocca RL. School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2:CD007651.
Larun L, Nordheim LV, Ekeland E, Hagen KB, Heian F. Exercise in prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression among children and young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD004691.
Raustorp A, Mattsson E, Svensson K, Stahle A. Physical activity, body composition and physical self-esteem: a 3-year follow-up study among adolescents in Sweden. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16(4):258-266.
Timperio A, Salmon J, Ball K. Evidence-based strategies to promote physical activity among children, adolescents and young adults: review and update. J Sci Med Sport. 2004;7(Suppl 1):20-29.
Edwards JU, Mauch L, Winkelman MR. Relationship of nutrition and physical activity behaviors and fitness measures to academic performance for sixth graders in a midwest city school district. J Sch Health. 2011;81(2):65-73.
Cotman CW, Berchtold NC, Christie LA. Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation. Trends Neurosci. 2007;30(9):464-472.
London RA, Castrechini S. A longitudinal examination of the link between youth physical fitness and academic achievement. J Sch Health. 2011;81(7):400-408.
Burke V, Milligan RA, Thompson C, et al. A controlled trial of health promotion programs in 11-year-olds using physical activity "enrichment" for higher risk children. J Pediatr. 1998;132(5):840-848.
Carrel AL, McVean JJ, Clark RR, Peterson SE, Eickhoff JC, Allen DB. School-based exercise improves fitness, body composition, insulin sensitivity, and markers of inflammation in non-obese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2009;22(5):409-415.
Ericsson I. Motor skills, attention and academic achievements. An intervention study in school years 1-3. Br Educ Res J. 2008;34(3):301-313.
Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Faucette N, Hovell MF. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, play and active recreation for kids. Am J Public Health. 1997;87(8):1328-1334.
Haerens L, Cerin E, Maes L, Cardon G, Deforche B, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Explaining the effect of a 1-year intervention promoting physical activity in middle schools: a mediation analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(5):501-512.
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25846305 - J Sch Health. 2015 May;85(5):277-8
25846306 - J Sch Health. 2015 May;85(5):279-80
References_xml – reference: Lubans DR, Foster C, Biddle SJ. A review of mediators of behavior in interventions to promote physical activity among children and adolescents. Prev Med. 2008;47(5):463-470.
– reference: Davis-Kean PE. The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: the indirect role of parental expectations and the home environment. J Fam Psychol. 2005;19(2):294-304.
– reference: Verstraete SJ, Cardon GM, De Clercq DL, De Bourdeaudhuij IM. A comprehensive physical activity promotion programme at elementary school: the effects on physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial correlates of physical activity. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(5):477-484.
– reference: Fedewa AL, Ahn S. The effects of physical activity and physical fitness on children's achievement and cognitive outcomes: a meta-analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2011;82(3):521-535.
– reference: Castelli DM, Hillman CH, Buck SM, Erwin HE. Physical fitness and academic achievement in third- and fifth-grade students. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2007;29(2):239-252.
– reference: Ploughman M. Exercise is brain food: the effects of physical activity on cognitive function. Dev Neurorehabil. 2008;11(3):236-240.
– reference: Stone EJ, McKenzie TL, Welk GJ, Booth ML. Effects of physical activity interventions in youth. Review and synthesis. Am J Prev Med. 1998;15(4):298-315.
– reference: Rasberry CN, Lee SM, Robin L, et al. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance: a systematic review of the literature. Prev Med. 2011;52(Suppl 1):S10-S20.
– reference: Shephard RJ. Habitual physical activity and academic performance. Nutr Rev. 1996;54(4 Pt 2):S32-S36.
– reference: Salmon J, Brown H, Hume C. Effects of strategies to promote children's physical activity on potential mediators. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(Suppl 1):S66-S73.
– reference: Taras H. Physical activity and student performance at school. J Sch Health. 2005;75(6):214-218.
– reference: Trudeau F, Shephard RJ. Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008;5(10).
– reference: Chomitz VR, Slining MM, McGowan RJ, Mitchell SE, Dawson GF, Hacker KA. Is there a relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement? Positive results from public school children in the northeastern United States. J Sch Health. 2009;79(1):30-37.
– reference: Cotman CW, Berchtold NC, Christie LA. Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation. Trends Neurosci. 2007;30(9):464-472.
– reference: Keeley TJH, Fox KR. The impact of physical activity and fitness on academic achievement and cognitive performance in children. Int Rev Sports Exerc Psychol. 2009;2(2):198-214.
– reference: London RA, Castrechini S. A longitudinal examination of the link between youth physical fitness and academic achievement. J Sch Health. 2011;81(7):400-408.
– reference: Kwak L, Kremers SP, Bergman P, Ruiz JR, Rizzo NS, Sjostrom M. Associations between physical activity, fitness, and academic achievement. J Pediatr. 2009;155(6):914-918.
– reference: Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, et al. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. J Pediatr. 2005;146(6):732-737.
– reference: Etnier JL, Nowell PM, Landers DM, Sibley BA. A meta-regression to examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance. Brain Res Rev. 2006;52(1):119-130.
– reference: Cooper P. Social, emotional and behavioral difficulties, social class and educational attainment which are the chickens and which are the eggs? Emot Behav Diff. 2005;10(2):75-77.
– reference: Timperio A, Salmon J, Ball K. Evidence-based strategies to promote physical activity among children, adolescents and young adults: review and update. J Sci Med Sport. 2004;7(Suppl 1):20-29.
– reference: Burke V, Milligan RA, Thompson C, et al. A controlled trial of health promotion programs in 11-year-olds using physical activity "enrichment" for higher risk children. J Pediatr. 1998;132(5):840-848.
– reference: Larun L, Nordheim LV, Ekeland E, Hagen KB, Heian F. Exercise in prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression among children and young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD004691.
– reference: Donnelly JE, Lambourne K. Classroom-based physical activity, cognition, and academic achievement. Prev Med. 2011;52(Suppl 1):S36-S42.
– reference: Edwards JU, Mauch L, Winkelman MR. Relationship of nutrition and physical activity behaviors and fitness measures to academic performance for sixth graders in a midwest city school district. J Sch Health. 2011;81(2):65-73.
– reference: Dobbins M, Husson H, DeCorby K, LaRocca RL. School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2:CD007651.
– reference: Raustorp A, Mattsson E, Svensson K, Stahle A. Physical activity, body composition and physical self-esteem: a 3-year follow-up study among adolescents in Sweden. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16(4):258-266.
– reference: Ahamed Y, Macdonald H, Reed K, Naylor PJ, Liu-Ambrose T, McKay H. School-based physical activity does not compromise children's academic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(2):371-376.
– reference: Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Lee SM, et al. Physical education and academic achievement in elementary school: data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(4):721-727.
– reference: Naylor PJ, McKay HA. Prevention in the first place: schools a setting for action on physical inactivity. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(1):10-13.
– reference: Sacchetti R, Ceciliani A, Garulli A, Dallolio L, Beltrami P, Leoni E. Effects of a 2-year school-based intervention of enhanced physical education in the primary school. J Sch Health. 2013;83(9):639-646.
– reference: Coe DP, Pivarnik JM, Womack CJ, Reeves MJ, Malina RM. Effect of physical education and activity levels on academic achievement in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006;38(8):1515-1519.
– reference: Singh A, Uijtdewilligen L, Twisk JW, van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJ. Physical activity and performance at school: a systematic review of the literature including a methodological quality assessment. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(1):49-55.
– reference: Eveland-Sayers BM, Farley RS, Fuller DK, Morgan DW, Caputo JL. Physical fitness and academic achievement in elementary school children. J Phys Act Health. 2009;6(1):99-104.
– reference: Carrel AL, McVean JJ, Clark RR, Peterson SE, Eickhoff JC, Allen DB. School-based exercise improves fitness, body composition, insulin sensitivity, and markers of inflammation in non-obese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2009;22(5):409-415.
– reference: Haerens L, Cerin E, Maes L, Cardon G, Deforche B, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Explaining the effect of a 1-year intervention promoting physical activity in middle schools: a mediation analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(5):501-512.
– reference: Van Dusen DP, Kelder SH, Kohl HW III, Ranjit N, Perry CL. Associations of physical fitness and academic performance among schoolchildren. J Sch Health. 2011;81(12):733-740.
– reference: Noble KG, Norman MF, Farah MJ. Neurocognitive correlates of socioeconomic status in kindergarten children. Dev Sci. 2005;8(1):74-87.
– reference: Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Faucette N, Hovell MF. The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, play and active recreation for kids. Am J Public Health. 1997;87(8):1328-1334.
– reference: Angevaren M, Aufdemkampe G, Verhaar HJ, Aleman A, Vanhees L. Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;3:CD005381.
– reference: Bruner MW, Chad KE, Beattie-Flath JA, et al. Examination of physical activity in adolescents over the school year. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2009;21(4):421-435.
– reference: Aberg MA, Pedersen NL, Toren K, et al. Cardiovascular fitness is associated with cognition in young adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(49):20906-20911.
– reference: Ericsson I. Motor skills, attention and academic achievements. An intervention study in school years 1-3. Br Educ Res J. 2008;34(3):301-313.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 294
  issue: 2
  year: 2005
  end-page: 304
  article-title: The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: the indirect role of parental expectations and the home environment
  publication-title: J Fam Psychol
– volume: 166
  start-page: 49
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  end-page: 55
  article-title: Physical activity and performance at school: a systematic review of the literature including a methodological quality assessment
  publication-title: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
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  issue: 5
  year: 2008
  end-page: 512
  article-title: Explaining the effect of a 1‐year intervention promoting physical activity in middle schools: a mediation analysis
  publication-title: Public Health Nutr
– volume: 2
  start-page: CD007651
  year: 2013
  article-title: School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
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  article-title: The effects of a 2‐year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, play and active recreation for kids
  publication-title: Am J Public Health
– volume: 3
  start-page: CD004691
  year: 2006
  article-title: Exercise in prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression among children and young people
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 155
  start-page: 914
  issue: 6
  year: 2009
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  article-title: Associations between physical activity, fitness, and academic achievement
  publication-title: J Pediatr
– volume: 7
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  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 2004
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  article-title: Evidence‐based strategies to promote physical activity among children, adolescents and young adults: review and update
  publication-title: J Sci Med Sport
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  year: 2005
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  article-title: Social, emotional and behavioral difficulties, social class and educational attainment which are the chickens and which are the eggs?
  publication-title: Emot Behav Diff
– volume: 3
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  year: 2008
  article-title: Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment
  publication-title: Cochrane Database Syst Rev
– volume: 52
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  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 2011
  end-page: S42
  article-title: Classroom‐based physical activity, cognition, and academic achievement
  publication-title: Prev Med
– volume: 83
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  article-title: Effects of a 2‐year school‐based intervention of enhanced physical education in the primary school
  publication-title: J Sch Health
– volume: 30
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  year: 2007
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  article-title: Exercise builds brain health: key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation
  publication-title: Trends Neurosci
– volume: 33
  start-page: S66
  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 2009
  end-page: S73
  article-title: Effects of strategies to promote children's physical activity on potential mediators
  publication-title: Int J Obes (Lond)
– volume: 132
  start-page: 840
  issue: 5
  year: 1998
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  article-title: A controlled trial of health promotion programs in 11‐year‐olds using physical activity "enrichment" for higher risk children
  publication-title: J Pediatr
– volume: 52
  start-page: S10
  issue: Suppl 1
  year: 2011
  end-page: S20
  article-title: The association between school‐based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance: a systematic review of the literature
  publication-title: Prev Med
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  issue: 4
  year: 2009
  end-page: 435
  article-title: Examination of physical activity in adolescents over the school year
  publication-title: Pediatr Exerc Sci
– volume: 22
  start-page: 409
  issue: 5
  year: 2009
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Snippet ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive...
Background: Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence...
Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence regarding the...
BACKGROUND Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence...
BACKGROUND: Despite the emerging body of research on the potential of physical activity to improve learning and academic achievement, conclusive evidence...
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SubjectTerms Academic Achievement
Academic Records
Achievement Gains
ADOLESCENTS
Analysis
Biological and medical sciences
BODY-COMPOSITION
Child
children
Company business management
Control Groups
Correlation
Cross-Sectional Studies
Curricula
Curriculum
Early intervention
EDUCATION
Educational Objectives
educational outcome
Educational psychology
Educational Status
Elementary Education
Elementary School Students
Elementary schools
Exercise
Experimental Groups
FITNESS
Foreign Countries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Goals
Grade 5
Health aspects
Health promotion
Humans
Hypothesis Testing
Idrottsvetenskap och fitness
INFLAMMATION
Influence
Instructional Improvement
Intervention
Learning
Logistic Models
Management
Mathematics
Medical sciences
Miscellaneous
National Standards
Objectives
OF-THE-LITERATURE
Outcomes of Education
Physical Activities
Physical activity
Physical Activity Level
Prevention and actions
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Pupil and student. Academic achievement and failure
Regression (Statistics)
School Health Services
school-based
Schools
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Student health services
Sweden
Training
YOUTH
Title The Impact of a Physical Activity Intervention Program on Academic Achievement in a Swedish Elementary School Setting
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Volume 84
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