Meeting the WHO 90% target: antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland is associated with baseline clinical patient characteristics

• Published in: Journal of the International AIDS Society Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 21847 - n/a
• Main Authors: Parczewski, Milosz, Siwak, Ewa, Leszczyszyn‐Pynka, Magdalena, Cielniak, Iwona, Burkacka, Ewa, Pulik, Piotr, Witor, Adam, Muller, Karolina, Zasik, Ewelina, Grzeszczuk, Anna, Jankowska, Maria, Lemańska, Małgorzata, Olczak, Anita, Grąbczewska, Edyta, Szymczak, Aleksandra, Gąsiorowski, Jacek, Szetela, Bartosz, Bociąga‐Jasik, Monika, Skwara, Paweł, Witak‐Jędra, Magdalena, Jabłonowska, Elżbieta, Wójcik‐Cichy, Kamila, Kamerys, Juliusz, Janczarek, Małgorzata, Krankowska, Dagny, Mikuła, Tomasz, Kozieł, Katarzyna, Bielec, Dariusz, Stempkowska, Justyna, Kocbach, Aleksandra, Błudzin, Wiesława, Horban, Andrzej
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland International AIDS Society 17.07.2017; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Taylor & Francis
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adult; Age Factors; AIDS; AIDS/HIV; Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use; Antiretroviral agents; Antiretroviral drugs; antiretroviral treatment; Care and treatment; cART efficacy; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dosage and administration; Drug resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Health Planning; Hepatitis C virus; HIV; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV-1; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Load distribution; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Patient outcomes; Poland; Teenagers; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; viral replication; virologic control; virologic suppression; WHO target; World Health Organization; Young Adult; Poland; United Kingdom > UK; Europe; viral replication; WHO target; antiretroviral treatment; cART efficacy; virologic suppression; virologic control
• DOI: 10.7448/IAS.20.1.21847
• ISSN: 1758-2652

Introduction: Modern combined antiretroviral therapies (cART) allow to effectively suppress HIV‐1 viral load, with the 90% virologic success rate, meeting the WHO target in most clinical settings. The aim of this study was to analyse antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland and to identify variables associated with virologic suppression. Methods: Cross‐sectional data on 5152 (56.92% of the countrywide treated at the time‐point of analysis) patients on cART for more than six months with at least one HIV‐RNA measurement in 2016 were collected from 14 Polish centres. Patients’ characteristics and treatment type‐based outcomes were analysed for the virologic suppression thresholds of <50 and <200 HIV‐RNA copies/ml. CART was categorized into two nucleos(t)ide (2NRTI) plus non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) inhibitors, 2NRTI plus protease (PI) inhibitor, 2NRTI plus integrase (InI) inhibitor, nucleos(t)ide sparing PI/r+InI and three drug class regimens. For statistics Chi‐square and U‐Mann Whitney tests and adjusted multivariate logistic regression models were used. Results: Virologic suppression rates of <50 copies/mL were observed in 4672 (90.68%) and <200 copies/mL in 4934 (95.77%) individuals. In univariate analyses, for the suppression threshold <50 copies/mL higher efficacy was noted for 2NRTI+NNRTI‐based combinations (94.73%) compared to 2NRTI+PI (89.93%), 2NRTI+InI (90.61%), nucleos(t)ide sparing PI/r+InI (82.02%) and three drug class regimens (74.49%) (p < 0.0001), with less pronounced but significant differences for the threshold of 200 copies/mL [2NRTI+NNRTI‐97.61%, 2NRTI+PI‐95.27%, 2NRTI+InI‐96.61%, PI/r+InI‐ 95.51% and 86.22% for three drug class cART) (p < 0.0001). However, in multivariate model, virologic efficacy for viral load <50 copies/mL was similar across treatment groups with significant influence by history of AIDS [OR:1.48 (95%CI:1.01–2.17) if AIDS diagnosed, p = 0.046], viral load < 5 log copies/mL at care entry [OR:1.47 (95%CI:1.08–2.01), p = 0.016], baseline lymphocyte CD4 count ≥200 cells/µL [OR:1.72 (95%CI:1.04–2.78), p = 0.034] and negative HCV serology [OR:1.97 (95%CI:1.29–2.94), p = 0.002]. For viral load threshold <200 copies/mL higher likelihood of virologic success was only associated with baseline lymphocyte CD4 count ≥200 cells/µL [OR:2.08 (95%CI:1.01–4.35), p = 0.049] and negative HCV status [OR:2.84 (95%CI:1.52–5.26), p = 0.001]. Conclusions: Proportion of virologically suppressed patients is in line with WHO treatment target confirming successful application of antiretroviral treatment strategy in Poland. Virological suppression rates depend on baseline patient characteristics, which should guide individualized antiretroviral tre0atment decisions.