Disturbed Yin–Yang balance: stress increases the susceptibility to primary and recurrent infections of herpes simplex virus type 1

• Published in: Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B Vol. 10; no. 3; pp. 383 - 398
• Main Authors: Yan, Chang, Luo, Zhuo, Li, Wen, Li, Xue, Dallmann, Robert, Kurihara, Hiroshi, Li, Yi-Fang, He, Rong-Rong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.03.2020; Elsevier
• Subjects: Herpes simplex virus type 1; HSV-1; Latency; Reactivation; Review; Stress; Susceptibility; LRF; RANKL; Herpes simplex virus type 1; HDACs; HPA axis; CTCF; TRM; HSV-1; PI3K; PNS; LSD1; mTOR; HCF-1; PAMPs; PDK1; AD; Susceptibility; NGF; KLF15; SIRT1; Latency; CORT; IRF3; ORFs; ROS; AMPK; TRIM14; TCM; HPK; PRRs; CNS; sncRNAs; DAMPs; BCL-2; DCs; cGAS; GREs; H3K9; OCT-1; T3; Reactivation; NK cells; MOI; GRs; AKT; Stress; PML; PTMs; ND10; MAVS; REST; TG; TRKA; PRC1; 4E-BP; DEX; CoREST; ICP; TK; CPE; CTL; HPT axis; SGKs; LAT; PML, promyelocytic leukemia protein; DEX, dexamethasone; NGF, nerve growth factor; GRs, glucocorticoid receptors; PTMs, post-translational modifications; TRM, tissue resident memory T cells; LRF, Luman/CREB3 recruitment factor; AMPK, AMP-dependent kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PDK1, pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1; HPA axis, hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis; T3, thyroid hormone; ORFs, open reading frames; 4E-BP, eIF4E-binding protein; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; AD, Alzheimer's disease; AKT, protein kinase B; HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1; LSD1, lysine-specific demethylase 1; HPK, herpetic simplex keratitis; NK cells, natural killer cells; CPE, cytopathic effect; DCs, dendritic cells; REST, RE1-silencing transcription factor; SGKs, serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinases; RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligands; OCT-1, octamer binding protein 1; CTCF, CCCTC-binding factor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GREs, GR response elements; TG, trigeminal ganglia; PRC1, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1; CORT, corticosterone; TRKA, tropomyosin receptor kinase A; DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns; H3K9, histone H3 on lysines 9; LAT, latency-associated transcripts; HCF-1, host cell factor 1; ICP, infected cell polypeptide; IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3; ND10, nuclear domains 10; HDACs, histone deacetylases; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; TK, thymidine kinase; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; PNS, peripheral nervous system; sncRNAs, small non-coding RNAs; MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein; CNS, central nervous system; CoREST, REST corepressor 1; MOI, multiplicity of infection; HPT axis, hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; TRIM14, tripartite motif-containing 14; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinases; KLF15, Krüppel-like transcription factor 15; PRRs, pattern-recognition receptors

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic herpes virus, is able to establish a lifelong latent infection in the human host. Following primary replication in mucosal epithelial cells, the virus can enter sensory neurons innervating peripheral tissues via nerve termini. The viral genome is th...