The gut microbiome: an orchestrator of xenobiotic metabolism

• Published in: Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 19 - 32
• Main Authors: Collins, Stephanie L., Patterson, Andrew D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2020; Elsevier
• Subjects: Absorption; Bioactivation; Enterohepatic circulation; Gastrointestinal tract; Gut microbiome; Pharmacokinetics; Review; Xenobiotic metabolism; BVU; FXR; BDE; UGT; Bioactivation; NSAID; TUDCA; BRV; Xenobiotic metabolism; AHR; PXR; SULT; cgr; SN-38G; Absorption; PABA; TCDF; CYP; GF; GUDCA; Gastrointestinal tract; ER; SCFA; PCB; ALDH; CV; PD; Enterohepatic circulation; CAR; PAH; 5-ASA; Pharmacokinetics; Gut microbiome; 5-FU; PFOS; cgr, cytochrome glycoside reductase; BDE, bromodiphenyl ether; CV, conventional; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; ER, estrogen receptor; PFOS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; GUDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid; SCFA, short chain fatty acid; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; SULT, sulfotransferase; PXR, pregnane X receptor; TCDF, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran; GF, germ-free; CAR, constitutive androgen receptor; CYP, cytochrome P450; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; SN-38G, SN-38 glucuronide; BRV, brivudine; PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; UGT, uracil diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase; AHR, aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; PD, Parkinson's disease; BVU, bromovinyluracil; PABA, p-aminobenzenesulphonamide

Microbes inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans represent a site for xenobiotic metabolism. The gut microbiome, the collection of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, can alter the metabolic outcome of pharmaceuticals, environmental toxicants, and heavy metals, thereby changing their pha...