Bystanders or not? Microglia and lymphocytes in aging and stroke

As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age, but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients. Researchers and health...

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Published inNeural regeneration research Vol. 18; no. 7; pp. 1397 - 1403
Main Authors Nguyen, Justin, Chauhan, Anjali
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.07.2023
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston,Houston,TX,USA%Department of Neurology,University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston,Houston,TX,USA
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Subjects
age; b lymphocytes; brain; central nervous system; cognition; inflammation; microglia; middle cerebral artery occlusion; neuroinflammation; stroke; t lymphocytes; white matter injury
Aging
Cognitive ability
Lymphocytes
Review
Stroke
T lymphocytes
cognition
B lymphocytes
inflammation
neuroinflammation
brain
microglia
stroke
age
middle cerebral artery occlusion
white matter injury
central nervous system
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ISSN1673-5374
1876-7958
DOI10.4103/1673-5374.360345

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Abstract As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age, but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients. Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients. Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain. Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation, white matter damage, and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents. The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes. Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects. In this review, we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment. Additionally, we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.
AbstractList As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging- associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age, but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients. Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients. Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain. Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation, white matter damage, and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents. The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes. Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects. In this review, we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment. Additionally, we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.
As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age, but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients. Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients. Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain. Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation, white matter damage, and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents. The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes. Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects. In this review, we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment. Additionally, we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age, but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients. Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients. Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain. Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation, white matter damage, and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents. The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes. Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects. In this review, we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment. Additionally, we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.
Author Nguyen, Justin
Chauhan, Anjali
AuthorAffiliation University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston,Houston,TX,USA%Department of Neurology,University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston,Houston,TX,USA
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  surname: Chauhan
  fullname: Chauhan, Anjali
  organization: Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
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Issue 7
Keywords T lymphocytes
cognition
B lymphocytes
inflammation
neuroinflammation
brain
microglia
stroke
age
middle cerebral artery occlusion
white matter injury
central nervous system
Language English
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Snippet As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only...
As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging- associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only...
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SubjectTerms age; b lymphocytes; brain; central nervous system; cognition; inflammation; microglia; middle cerebral artery occlusion; neuroinflammation; stroke; t lymphocytes; white matter injury
Aging
Cognitive ability
Lymphocytes
Review
Stroke
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Title Bystanders or not? Microglia and lymphocytes in aging and stroke
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