Air Pollution Exposure Assessment for Epidemiologic Studies of Pregnant Women and Children: Lessons Learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research
The National Children's Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes, neurodevelopment, asthma, atopy, immune development, obesity, and pubertal development. In this article we summarize six applicable exposure ass...
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| Published in | Environmental health perspectives Vol. 113; no. 10; pp. 1447 - 1454 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
01.10.2005
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0091-6765 1552-9924 |
| DOI | 10.1289/ehp.7673 |
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| Abstract | The National Children's Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes, neurodevelopment, asthma, atopy, immune development, obesity, and pubertal development. In this article we summarize six applicable exposure assessment lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research that may enhance the National Children's Study: a) Selecting individual study subjects with a wide range of pollution exposure profiles maximizes spatial-scale exposure contrasts for key pollutants of study interest. b) In studies with large sample sizes, long duration, and diverse outcomes and exposures, exposure assessment efforts should rely on modeling to provide estimates for the entire cohort, supported by subject-derived questionnaire data. c) Assessment of some exposures of interest requires individual measurements of exposures using snapshots of personal and microenvironmental exposures over short periods and/or in selected microenvironments. d) Understanding issues of spatial-temporal correlations of air pollutants, the surrogacy of specific pollutants for components of the complex mixture, and the exposure misclassification inherent in exposure estimates is critical in analysis and interpretation. e) "Usual" temporal, spatial, and physical patterns of activity can be used as modifiers of the exposure/outcome relationships. f) Biomarkers of exposure are useful for evaluation of specific exposures that have multiple routes of exposure. If these lessons are applied, the National Children's Study offers a unique opportunity to assess the adverse effects of air pollution on interrelated health outcomes during the critical early life period. |
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| AbstractList | The National Children's Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes, neurodevelopment, asthma, atopy, immune development, obesity, and pubertal development. In this article we summarize six applicable exposure assessment lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research that may enhance the National Children's Study; a) Selecting individual study subjects with a wide range of pollution exposure profiles maximizes spatial-scale exposure contrasts for key pollutants of study interest, b) In studies with large sample sizes, long duration, and diverse outcomes and exposures, exposure assessment efforts should rely on modeling to provide estimates for the entire cohort, supported by subject-derived questionnaire data. c) Assessment of some exposures of interest requires individual measurements of exposures using snapshots of personal and microenvironmental exposures over short periods and/or in selected microenvironments. d) Understanding issues of spatial-temporal correlations of air pollutants, the surrogacy of specific pollutants for components of the complex mixture, and the exposure misclas-sification inherent in exposure estimates is critical in analysis and interpretation, el `Usual" temporal, spatial, and physical patterns of activity can be used as modifiers of the exposure/outcome relationships, f) Biomarkers of exposure are useful for evaluation of specific exposures that have multiple routes of exposure. If these lessons are applied, the National Children's Study offers a unique opportunity to assess the adverse effects of air pollution on interrelated health outcomes during the critical early life period. The National Children's Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes, neurodevelopment, asthma, atopy, immune development, obesity, and pubertal development. In this article we summarize six applicable exposure assessment lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research that may enhance the National Children's Study: a) Selecting individual study subjects with a wide range of pollution exposure profiles maximizes spatial-scale exposure contrasts for key pollutants of study interest. b) In studies with large sample sizes, long duration, and diverse outcomes and exposures, exposure assessment efforts should rely on modeling to provide estimates for the entire cohort, supported by subject-derived questionnaire data. c) Assessment of some exposures of interest requires individual measurements of exposures using snapshots of personal and microenvironmental exposures over short periods and/or in selected microenvironments. d) Understanding issues of spatial-temporal correlations of air pollutants, the surrogacy of specific pollutants for components of the complex mixture, and the exposure misclassification inherent in exposure estimates is critical in analysis and interpretation. e) "Usual" temporal, spatial, and physical patterns of activity can be used as modifiers of the exposure/outcome relationships. f) Biomarkers of exposure are useful for evaluation of specific exposures that have multiple routes of exposure. If these lessons are applied, the National Children's Study offers a unique opportunity to assess the adverse effects of air pollution on interrelated health outcomes during the critical early life period. The National Children's Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes, neurodevelopment, asthma, atopy, immune development, obesity, and pubertal development. In this article we summarize six applicable exposure assessment lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research that may enhance the National Children's Study: a) Selecting individual study subjects with a wide range of pollution exposure profiles maximizes spatial-scale exposure contrasts for key pollutants of study interest. b) In studies with large sample sizes, long duration, and diverse outcomes and exposures, exposure assessment efforts should rely on modeling to provide estimates for the entire cohort, supported by subject-derived questionnaire data. c) Assessment of some exposures of interest requires individual measurements of exposures using snapshots of personal and microenvironmental exposures over short periods and/or in selected microenvironments. d) Understanding issues of spatial-temporal correlations of air pollutants, the surrogacy of specific pollutants for components of the complex mixture, and the exposure misclassification inherent in exposure estimates is critical in analysis and interpretation. e) "Usual" temporal, spatial, and physical patterns of activity can be used as modifiers of the exposure/outcome relationships. f) Biomarkers of exposure are useful for evaluation of specific exposures that have multiple routes of exposure. If these lessons are applied, the National Children's Study offers a unique opportunity to assess the adverse effects of air pollution on interrelated health outcomes during the critical early life period.The National Children's Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes, neurodevelopment, asthma, atopy, immune development, obesity, and pubertal development. In this article we summarize six applicable exposure assessment lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research that may enhance the National Children's Study: a) Selecting individual study subjects with a wide range of pollution exposure profiles maximizes spatial-scale exposure contrasts for key pollutants of study interest. b) In studies with large sample sizes, long duration, and diverse outcomes and exposures, exposure assessment efforts should rely on modeling to provide estimates for the entire cohort, supported by subject-derived questionnaire data. c) Assessment of some exposures of interest requires individual measurements of exposures using snapshots of personal and microenvironmental exposures over short periods and/or in selected microenvironments. d) Understanding issues of spatial-temporal correlations of air pollutants, the surrogacy of specific pollutants for components of the complex mixture, and the exposure misclassification inherent in exposure estimates is critical in analysis and interpretation. e) "Usual" temporal, spatial, and physical patterns of activity can be used as modifiers of the exposure/outcome relationships. f) Biomarkers of exposure are useful for evaluation of specific exposures that have multiple routes of exposure. If these lessons are applied, the National Children's Study offers a unique opportunity to assess the adverse effects of air pollution on interrelated health outcomes during the critical early life period. The exposure assessment lessons learned in the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research for air pollutants and health outcomes are summarized. Many of the Children's Centers have active research programs involving the assessment of air pollution in epidemiologic studies. The Centers are tabulated, including data on the sample population, the outcomes, the study design, the agents assessed, other exposure determinants, and the assessment strategy employed. The lessons learned are highlighted and discussed in terms of how they can be applied to the anticipated National Children's Study, which will encompass a cohort of 100,000 pregnant women residing in multiple locations across the US. Recommendations are provided for study subject selection to maximize spatial exposure contrasts for the pollutants of interest, exposure metrics, the use of limited substudies for exposure refinement, the use of biomarkers, and modifiers of exposureoutcome relationships. The National Children’s Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes, neurodevelopment, asthma, atopy, immune development, obesity, and pubertal development. In this article we summarize six applicable exposure assessment lessons learned from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research that may enhance the National Children’s Study: a ) Selecting individual study subjects with a wide range of pollution exposure profiles maximizes spatial-scale exposure contrasts for key pollutants of study interest. b ) In studies with large sample sizes, long duration, and diverse outcomes and exposures, exposure assessment efforts should rely on modeling to provide estimates for the entire cohort, supported by subject-derived questionnaire data. c ) Assessment of some exposures of interest requires individual measurements of exposures using snapshots of personal and microenvironmental exposures over short periods and/or in selected microenvironments. d ) Understanding issues of spatial–temporal correlations of air pollutants, the surrogacy of specific pollutants for components of the complex mixture, and the exposure misclassification inherent in exposure estimates is critical in analysis and interpretation. e ) “Usual” temporal, spatial, and physical patterns of activity can be used as modifiers of the exposure/outcome relationships. f ) Biomarkers of exposure are useful for evaluation of specific exposures that have multiple routes of exposure. If these lessons are applied, the National Children’s Study offers a unique opportunity to assess the adverse effects of air pollution on interrelated health outcomes during the critical early life period. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Kinney, Patrick Dvonch, Timothy McConnell, Rob Jerrett, Michael Buckley, Timothy Breysse, Patrick Avol, Ed de Villiers, Tracy Gilliland, Frank Lurmann, Frederick Keeler, Gerald |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA 3 School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 2 Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA 5 Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 4 Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA – name: 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA – name: 3 School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA – name: 4 Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California, USA – name: 5 Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Frank surname: Gilliland fullname: Gilliland, Frank – sequence: 2 givenname: Ed surname: Avol fullname: Avol, Ed – sequence: 3 givenname: Patrick surname: Kinney fullname: Kinney, Patrick – sequence: 4 givenname: Michael surname: Jerrett fullname: Jerrett, Michael – sequence: 5 givenname: Timothy surname: Dvonch fullname: Dvonch, Timothy – sequence: 6 givenname: Frederick surname: Lurmann fullname: Lurmann, Frederick – sequence: 7 givenname: Timothy surname: Buckley fullname: Buckley, Timothy – sequence: 8 givenname: Patrick surname: Breysse fullname: Breysse, Patrick – sequence: 9 givenname: Gerald surname: Keeler fullname: Keeler, Gerald – sequence: 10 givenname: Tracy surname: de Villiers fullname: de Villiers, Tracy – sequence: 11 givenname: Rob surname: McConnell fullname: McConnell, Rob |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16203261$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | The National Children's Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes,... The exposure assessment lessons learned in the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research for air pollutants and health... The National Children’s Study is considering a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants that are hypothesized to potentially influence pregnancy outcomes,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Air pollutants Air Pollutants - toxicity Air pollution Air pollution effects Asthma Asthma in children Biological markers Chemical hazards Child Child Welfare Children Environmental Exposure Environmental Health Exposure Female Humans Indoor air pollution Microenvironments Mini-Monograph Pollutants Pollution monitoring Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome Prevention Preventive Medicine Traffic estimation United States |
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| Title | Air Pollution Exposure Assessment for Epidemiologic Studies of Pregnant Women and Children: Lessons Learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research |
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