Clopidogrel Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Vary Widely Despite Exclusion or Control of Polymorphisms (CYP2C19, ABCB1, PON1), Noncompliance, Diet, Smoking, Co-Medications (Including Proton Pump Inhibitors), and Pre-Existent Variability in Platelet Function - Frelinger, Andrew L.; Bhatt, Deepak L.; Lee, Ronald D.; Mulford, Darcy J.; Wu, Jingtao; Nudurupati, Sai; Nigam, Anu; Lampa, Michael; Brooks, Julie K.; Barnard, Marc R.; Michelson, Alan D. (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2013)
Keywords: 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles - administration & dosage; 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles - pharmacokinetics; Acute coronary syndromes; Adult; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases - genetics; Aryldialkylphosphatase - genetics; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 - genetics; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Coagulation - drug effects; Body mass index; Cardiology; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cardiovascular; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Cardiovascular Diseases - psychology; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Cross-Over Studies; Cytochrome; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Demographics; Drug dosages; Drug Interactions; Drug Monitoring - methods; Drug therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; drugs; Female; Genotype & phenotype; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Nutrition research; Patient Compliance; pharmacokinetics; Platelet Aggregation - drug effects; Platelet Aggregation - genetics; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - administration & dosage; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics; Platelet Function Tests - methods; platelets; Polymorphism, Genetic; Proton Pump Inhibitors - administration & dosage; Proton Pump Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics; receptors; risk factors; Smoking - metabolism; Studies; Ticlopidine - administration & dosage; Ticlopidine - analogs & derivatives; Ticlopidine - pharmacokinetics; Tobacco, tobacco smoking; Toxicology; United States--US; California; VASP; Cmax; CVs; risk factors; receptors; Rx drugs; drugs; OTC drugs; PRI; PON1; PPI; ADP; platelets; PRP; PRU; ClopidogrelAM; Pre-Tx; pharmacokinetics; LTA; AUCt; BMI; EM/EM; MPA; over-the-counter drugs; paraoxonase 1; P2Y 12 reaction units; pre-treatment; C max; proton pump inhibitor; vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein; platelet reactivity index; prescription drugs; AUC t; adenosine phosphate; clopidogrel active metabolite; coefficients of variation; peak plasma concentration; body mass index; light transmission aggregation; platelet rich plasma; area under the time-concentration curve