Regional Policies Targeting Residential Solid Fuel and Agricultural Emissions Can Improve Air Quality and Public Health in the Greater Bay Area and Across China

Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, with smaller contributions from ozone (O3) exposure. Recent emission reductions have reduced PM2.5 exposure. However, levels of...

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Published inGeohealth Vol. 5; no. 4; pp. e2020GH000341 - n/a
Main Authors Conibear, Luke, Reddington, Carly L., Silver, Ben J., Knote, Christoph, Arnold, Stephen R., Spracklen, Dominick V.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.04.2021
John Wiley and Sons Inc
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Subjects
Aerosols
Aerosols and Particles
Agricultural policy
Agriculture
Air pollution
Air pollution measurements
Air quality
Airborne particulates
ambient air pollution
Atmospheric Composition and Structure
Biogeosciences
Carbon
Chemistry
China
Emission measurements
Emissions
Emissions control
Environmental policy
Environmental protection
Environmental risk
Exposure
Fertilizers
Geohealth
greater bay area
Health care
health impact assessment
Industrial emissions
Liquefied petroleum gas
Marine Pollution
Megacities and Urban Environment
Natural Hazards
Oceanography: Biological and Chemical
Oceanography: General
Outdoor air quality
Ozone
Paleoceanography
Particulate matter
policy scenario
Pollutants
Pollution: Urban and Regional
Pollution: Urban, Regional and Global
Public Health
Risk factors
Urban Systems
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
Weather
Hong Kong China
China
Macao
particulate matter
policy scenario
greater bay area
health impact assessment
China
ambient air pollution
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, with smaller contributions from ozone (O3) exposure. Recent emission reductions have reduced PM2.5 exposure. However, levels of exposure and the associated risk remain high, some pollutant emissions have increased, and some sectors lack effective emission control measures. We quantified the potential impacts of relevant policy scenarios on ambient air quality and public health across China. We show that PM2.5 exposure inside the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is strongly controlled by emissions outside the GBA. We find that reductions in residential solid fuel use and agricultural fertilizer emissions result in the greatest reductions in PM2.5 exposure and the largest health benefits. A 50% transition from residential solid fuel use to liquefied petroleum gas outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 15% in China and 3% within the GBA, and avoided 191,400 premature deaths each year across China. Reducing agricultural fertilizer emissions of ammonia by 30% outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 4% in China and 3% in the GBA, avoiding 56,500 annual premature deaths across China. Our simulations suggest that reducing residential solid fuel or industrial emissions will reduce both PM2.5 and O3 exposure, whereas other policies may increase O3 exposure. Improving particulate air quality inside the GBA will require consideration of residential solid fuel and agricultural sectors, which currently lack targeted policies, and regional cooperation both inside and outside the GBA. Key Points Ambient fine particulate matter exposure inside the Greater Bay Area is strongly controlled by emissions outside the Greater Bay Area Residential solid fuel and agricultural emissions lack effective controls that could improve air quality and public health across China Improving particulate air quality inside the Greater Bay Area will require regional cooperation inside and outside the Greater Bay Area
AbstractList Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, with smaller contributions from ozone (O3) exposure. Recent emission reductions have reduced PM2.5 exposure. However, levels of exposure and the associated risk remain high, some pollutant emissions have increased, and some sectors lack effective emission control measures. We quantified the potential impacts of relevant policy scenarios on ambient air quality and public health across China. We show that PM2.5 exposure inside the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is strongly controlled by emissions outside the GBA. We find that reductions in residential solid fuel use and agricultural fertilizer emissions result in the greatest reductions in PM2.5 exposure and the largest health benefits. A 50% transition from residential solid fuel use to liquefied petroleum gas outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 15% in China and 3% within the GBA, and avoided 191,400 premature deaths each year across China. Reducing agricultural fertilizer emissions of ammonia by 30% outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 4% in China and 3% in the GBA, avoiding 56,500 annual premature deaths across China. Our simulations suggest that reducing residential solid fuel or industrial emissions will reduce both PM2.5 and O3 exposure, whereas other policies may increase O3 exposure. Improving particulate air quality inside the GBA will require consideration of residential solid fuel and agricultural sectors, which currently lack targeted policies, and regional cooperation both inside and outside the GBA.
Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, with smaller contributions from ozone (O3) exposure. Recent emission reductions have reduced PM2.5 exposure. However, levels of exposure and the associated risk remain high, some pollutant emissions have increased, and some sectors lack effective emission control measures. We quantified the potential impacts of relevant policy scenarios on ambient air quality and public health across China. We show that PM2.5 exposure inside the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is strongly controlled by emissions outside the GBA. We find that reductions in residential solid fuel use and agricultural fertilizer emissions result in the greatest reductions in PM2.5 exposure and the largest health benefits. A 50% transition from residential solid fuel use to liquefied petroleum gas outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 15% in China and 3% within the GBA, and avoided 191,400 premature deaths each year across China. Reducing agricultural fertilizer emissions of ammonia by 30% outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 4% in China and 3% in the GBA, avoiding 56,500 annual premature deaths across China. Our simulations suggest that reducing residential solid fuel or industrial emissions will reduce both PM2.5 and O3 exposure, whereas other policies may increase O3 exposure. Improving particulate air quality inside the GBA will require consideration of residential solid fuel and agricultural sectors, which currently lack targeted policies, and regional cooperation both inside and outside the GBA. Key Points Ambient fine particulate matter exposure inside the Greater Bay Area is strongly controlled by emissions outside the Greater Bay Area Residential solid fuel and agricultural emissions lack effective controls that could improve air quality and public health across China Improving particulate air quality inside the Greater Bay Area will require regional cooperation inside and outside the Greater Bay Area
Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM ) exposure, with smaller contributions from ozone (O ) exposure. Recent emission reductions have reduced PM exposure. However, levels of exposure and the associated risk remain high, some pollutant emissions have increased, and some sectors lack effective emission control measures. We quantified the potential impacts of relevant policy scenarios on ambient air quality and public health across China. We show that PM exposure inside the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is strongly controlled by emissions outside the GBA. We find that reductions in residential solid fuel use and agricultural fertilizer emissions result in the greatest reductions in PM exposure and the largest health benefits. A 50% transition from residential solid fuel use to liquefied petroleum gas outside the GBA reduced PM exposure by 15% in China and 3% within the GBA, and avoided 191,400 premature deaths each year across China. Reducing agricultural fertilizer emissions of ammonia by 30% outside the GBA reduced PM exposure by 4% in China and 3% in the GBA, avoiding 56,500 annual premature deaths across China. Our simulations suggest that reducing residential solid fuel or industrial emissions will reduce both PM and O exposure, whereas other policies may increase O exposure. Improving particulate air quality inside the GBA will require consideration of residential solid fuel and agricultural sectors, which currently lack targeted policies, and regional cooperation both inside and outside the GBA.
Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure, with smaller contributions from ozone (O 3 ) exposure. Recent emission reductions have reduced PM 2.5 exposure. However, levels of exposure and the associated risk remain high, some pollutant emissions have increased, and some sectors lack effective emission control measures. We quantified the potential impacts of relevant policy scenarios on ambient air quality and public health across China. We show that PM 2.5 exposure inside the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is strongly controlled by emissions outside the GBA. We find that reductions in residential solid fuel use and agricultural fertilizer emissions result in the greatest reductions in PM 2.5 exposure and the largest health benefits. A 50% transition from residential solid fuel use to liquefied petroleum gas outside the GBA reduced PM 2.5 exposure by 15% in China and 3% within the GBA, and avoided 191,400 premature deaths each year across China. Reducing agricultural fertilizer emissions of ammonia by 30% outside the GBA reduced PM 2.5 exposure by 4% in China and 3% in the GBA, avoiding 56,500 annual premature deaths across China. Our simulations suggest that reducing residential solid fuel or industrial emissions will reduce both PM 2.5 and O 3 exposure, whereas other policies may increase O 3 exposure. Improving particulate air quality inside the GBA will require consideration of residential solid fuel and agricultural sectors, which currently lack targeted policies, and regional cooperation both inside and outside the GBA. Ambient fine particulate matter exposure inside the Greater Bay Area is strongly controlled by emissions outside the Greater Bay Area Residential solid fuel and agricultural emissions lack effective controls that could improve air quality and public health across China Improving particulate air quality inside the Greater Bay Area will require regional cooperation inside and outside the Greater Bay Area
Abstract Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, with smaller contributions from ozone (O3) exposure. Recent emission reductions have reduced PM2.5 exposure. However, levels of exposure and the associated risk remain high, some pollutant emissions have increased, and some sectors lack effective emission control measures. We quantified the potential impacts of relevant policy scenarios on ambient air quality and public health across China. We show that PM2.5 exposure inside the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is strongly controlled by emissions outside the GBA. We find that reductions in residential solid fuel use and agricultural fertilizer emissions result in the greatest reductions in PM2.5 exposure and the largest health benefits. A 50% transition from residential solid fuel use to liquefied petroleum gas outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 15% in China and 3% within the GBA, and avoided 191,400 premature deaths each year across China. Reducing agricultural fertilizer emissions of ammonia by 30% outside the GBA reduced PM2.5 exposure by 4% in China and 3% in the GBA, avoiding 56,500 annual premature deaths across China. Our simulations suggest that reducing residential solid fuel or industrial emissions will reduce both PM2.5 and O3 exposure, whereas other policies may increase O3 exposure. Improving particulate air quality inside the GBA will require consideration of residential solid fuel and agricultural sectors, which currently lack targeted policies, and regional cooperation both inside and outside the GBA.
Abstract Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure, with smaller contributions from ozone (O 3 ) exposure. Recent emission reductions have reduced PM 2.5 exposure. However, levels of exposure and the associated risk remain high, some pollutant emissions have increased, and some sectors lack effective emission control measures. We quantified the potential impacts of relevant policy scenarios on ambient air quality and public health across China. We show that PM 2.5 exposure inside the Greater Bay Area (GBA) is strongly controlled by emissions outside the GBA. We find that reductions in residential solid fuel use and agricultural fertilizer emissions result in the greatest reductions in PM 2.5 exposure and the largest health benefits. A 50% transition from residential solid fuel use to liquefied petroleum gas outside the GBA reduced PM 2.5 exposure by 15% in China and 3% within the GBA, and avoided 191,400 premature deaths each year across China. Reducing agricultural fertilizer emissions of ammonia by 30% outside the GBA reduced PM 2.5 exposure by 4% in China and 3% in the GBA, avoiding 56,500 annual premature deaths across China. Our simulations suggest that reducing residential solid fuel or industrial emissions will reduce both PM 2.5 and O 3 exposure, whereas other policies may increase O 3 exposure. Improving particulate air quality inside the GBA will require consideration of residential solid fuel and agricultural sectors, which currently lack targeted policies, and regional cooperation both inside and outside the GBA. Key Points Ambient fine particulate matter exposure inside the Greater Bay Area is strongly controlled by emissions outside the Greater Bay Area Residential solid fuel and agricultural emissions lack effective controls that could improve air quality and public health across China Improving particulate air quality inside the Greater Bay Area will require regional cooperation inside and outside the Greater Bay Area
Author Silver, Ben J.
Knote, Christoph
Reddington, Carly L.
Conibear, Luke
Spracklen, Dominick V.
Arnold, Stephen R.
AuthorAffiliation 2 Faculty of Medicine University of Augsburg Germany
1 Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK
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  organization: University of Leeds
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Issue 4
Keywords particulate matter
policy scenario
greater bay area
health impact assessment
China
ambient air pollution
Language English
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SSID ssj0001782975
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Snippet Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter...
Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate matter (PM...
Abstract Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate...
Abstract Air pollution exposure is a leading public health problem in China. The majority of the total air pollution disease burden is from fine particulate...
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SubjectTerms Aerosols
Aerosols and Particles
Agricultural policy
Agriculture
Air pollution
Air pollution measurements
Air quality
Airborne particulates
ambient air pollution
Atmospheric Composition and Structure
Biogeosciences
Carbon
Chemistry
China
Emission measurements
Emissions
Emissions control
Environmental policy
Environmental protection
Environmental risk
Exposure
Fertilizers
Geohealth
greater bay area
Health care
health impact assessment
Industrial emissions
Liquefied petroleum gas
Marine Pollution
Megacities and Urban Environment
Natural Hazards
Oceanography: Biological and Chemical
Oceanography: General
Outdoor air quality
Ozone
Paleoceanography
Particulate matter
policy scenario
Pollutants
Pollution: Urban and Regional
Pollution: Urban, Regional and Global
Public Health
Risk factors
Urban Systems
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
Weather
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Title Regional Policies Targeting Residential Solid Fuel and Agricultural Emissions Can Improve Air Quality and Public Health in the Greater Bay Area and Across China
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029%2F2020GH000341
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33898905
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Volume 5
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