Distribution of toenail selenium levels in young adult Caucasians and African Americans in the United States: The CARDIA Trace Element Study
Data on selenium (Se) levels in American young adults, especially in African Americans, are lacking. This study presented toenail Se distributions in American young adults of both genders, including both Caucasians and African Americans; and explored potential predictors of toenail Se levels. Data f...
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Published in | Environmental research Vol. 111; no. 4; pp. 514 - 519 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Elsevier Inc
01.05.2011
Elsevier |
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Abstract | Data on selenium (Se) levels in American young adults, especially in African Americans, are lacking.
This study presented toenail Se distributions in American young adults of both genders, including both Caucasians and African Americans; and explored potential predictors of toenail Se levels.
Data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study among 4252 American young adults, aged 20–32 in 1987 was used to examine toenail Se levels by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. The distribution of Se levels was described and multivariable linear regression was used to examine potential modifiers of toenail Se concentration within ethnicity–gender subgroups.
The geometric mean of toenail Se in this cohort was 0.844
μg/g (95% CI, 0.840–0.849
μg/g) and the median was 0.837
μg/g (95% CI, 0.833–0.844
μg/g). Median levels from lowest to highest quintile were 0.691, 0.774, 0.838, 0.913 and 1.037
μg/g. Se levels varied geographically, and were generally in accordance with its concentrations in local soil. Males, African Americans, current smokers, heavy drinkers and less educated participants were more likely to have low Se levels.
This study suggests that toenail Se levels vary geographically depending on soil Se concentrations. In addition to gender, ethnicity and education level, smoking status and alcohol consumption are two important indicators of Se status since they are modifiable lifestyle factors. Findings from this study might aid public health professionals in identifying people at relatively high or low Se levels, so that chronic disease prevention efforts can be directed toward these subgroups.
► Average of toenail Se levels in this cohort was 0.844
μg/g (95% CI, 0.840–0.849
μg/g). ► Toenail Se levels vary geographically depending on soil Se concentrations. ► Males, African Americans and less educated participants have low Se levels. ► Smoking status and alcohol consumption are two important indicators of Se status. |
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AbstractList | Background Data on selenium (Se) levels in American young adults, especially in African Americans, are lacking. Objective This study presented toenail Se distributions in American young adults of both genders, including both Caucasians and African Americans; and explored potential predictors of toenail Se levels. Data and methods Data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study among 4252 American young adults, aged 20-32 in 1987 was used to examine toenail Se levels by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. The distribution of Se levels was described and multivariable linear regression was used to examine potential modifiers of toenail Se concentration within ethnicityagender subgroups. Results The geometric mean of toenail Se in this cohort was 0.844 mu g/g (95% CI, 0.840-0.849 mu g/g) and the median was 0.837 mu g/g (95% CI, 0.833-0.844 mu g/g). Median levels from lowest to highest quintile were 0.691, 0.774, 0.838, 0.913 and 1.037 mu g/g. Se levels varied geographically, and were generally in accordance with its concentrations in local soil. Males, African Americans, current smokers, heavy drinkers and less educated participants were more likely to have low Se levels. Conclusion This study suggests that toenail Se levels vary geographically depending on soil Se concentrations. In addition to gender, ethnicity and education level, smoking status and alcohol consumption are two important indicators of Se status since they are modifiable lifestyle factors. Findings from this study might aid public health professionals in identifying people at relatively high or low Se levels, so that chronic disease prevention efforts can be directed toward these subgroups. Research highlights ao Average of toenail Se levels in this cohort was 0.844 mu g/g (95% CI, 0.840-0.849 mu g/g). ao Toenail Se levels vary geographically depending on soil Se concentrations. ao Males, African Americans and less educated participants have low Se levels. ao Smoking status and alcohol consumption are two important indicators of Se status. Background: Data on selenium (Se) levels in American young adults, especially in African Americans, are lacking. Objective: This study presented toenail Se distributions in American young adults of both genders, including both Caucasians and African Americans; and explored potential predictors of toenail Se levels. Data and methods: Data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study among 4252 American young adults, aged 20-32 in 1987 was used to examine toenail Se levels by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. The distribution of Se levels was described and multivariable linear regression was used to examine potential modifiers of toenail Se concentration within ethnicity-gender subgroups. Results: The geometric mean of toenail Se in this cohort was 0.844 {mu}g/g (95% CI, 0.840-0.849 {mu}g/g) and the median was 0.837 {mu}g/g (95% CI, 0.833-0.844 {mu}g/g). Median levels from lowest to highest quintile were 0.691, 0.774, 0.838, 0.913 and 1.037 {mu}g/g. Se levels varied geographically, and were generally in accordance with its concentrations in local soil. Males, African Americans, current smokers, heavy drinkers and less educated participants were more likely to have low Se levels. Conclusion: This study suggests that toenail Se levels vary geographically depending on soil Se concentrations. In addition to gender, ethnicity and education level, smoking status and alcohol consumption are two important indicators of Se status since they are modifiable lifestyle factors. Findings from this study might aid public health professionals in identifying people at relatively high or low Se levels, so that chronic disease prevention efforts can be directed toward these subgroups. - Research highlights: {yields} Average of toenail Se levels in this cohort was 0.844 {mu}g/g (95% CI, 0.840-0.849 {mu}g/g). {yields} Toenail Se levels vary geographically depending on soil Se concentrations. {yields} Males, African Americans and less educated participants have low Se levels. {yields} Smoking status and alcohol consumption are two important indicators of Se status. Data on selenium (Se) levels in American young adults, especially in African Americans, are lacking. This study presented toenail Se distributions in American young adults of both genders, including both Caucasians and African Americans; and explored potential predictors of toenail Se levels. Data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study among 4252 American young adults, aged 20–32 in 1987 was used to examine toenail Se levels by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. The distribution of Se levels was described and multivariable linear regression was used to examine potential modifiers of toenail Se concentration within ethnicity–gender subgroups. The geometric mean of toenail Se in this cohort was 0.844 μg/g (95% CI, 0.840–0.849 μg/g) and the median was 0.837 μg/g (95% CI, 0.833–0.844 μg/g). Median levels from lowest to highest quintile were 0.691, 0.774, 0.838, 0.913 and 1.037 μg/g. Se levels varied geographically, and were generally in accordance with its concentrations in local soil. Males, African Americans, current smokers, heavy drinkers and less educated participants were more likely to have low Se levels. This study suggests that toenail Se levels vary geographically depending on soil Se concentrations. In addition to gender, ethnicity and education level, smoking status and alcohol consumption are two important indicators of Se status since they are modifiable lifestyle factors. Findings from this study might aid public health professionals in identifying people at relatively high or low Se levels, so that chronic disease prevention efforts can be directed toward these subgroups. ► Average of toenail Se levels in this cohort was 0.844 μg/g (95% CI, 0.840–0.849 μg/g). ► Toenail Se levels vary geographically depending on soil Se concentrations. ► Males, African Americans and less educated participants have low Se levels. ► Smoking status and alcohol consumption are two important indicators of Se status. Data on selenium (Se) levels in American young adults, especially in African Americans, are lacking. This study presented toenail Se distributions in American young adults of both genders, including both Caucasians and African Americans; and explored potential predictors of toenail Se levels. Data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study among 4252 American young adults, aged 20-32 in 1987 was used to examine toenail Se levels by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. The distribution of Se levels was described and multivariable linear regression was used to examine potential modifiers of toenail Se concentration within ethnicity-gender subgroups. The geometric mean of toenail Se in this cohort was 0.844 μg/g (95% CI, 0.840-0.849 μg/g) and the median was 0.837 μg/g (95% CI, 0.833-0.844 μg/g). Median levels from lowest to highest quintile were 0.691, 0.774, 0.838, 0.913 and 1.037 μg/g. Se levels varied geographically, and were generally in accordance with its concentrations in local soil. Males, African Americans, current smokers, heavy drinkers and less educated participants were more likely to have low Se levels. This study suggests that toenail Se levels vary geographically depending on soil Se concentrations. In addition to gender, ethnicity and education level, smoking status and alcohol consumption are two important indicators of Se status since they are modifiable lifestyle factors. Findings from this study might aid public health professionals in identifying people at relatively high or low Se levels, so that chronic disease prevention efforts can be directed toward these subgroups. |
Author | Bujnowski, Deborah Xun, Pengcheng Guo, Zhongqin Liu, Kiang He, Ka Steve Morris, J. |
AuthorAffiliation | 5 Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, P.R.China 3 Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA 4 Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA 1 Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA 2 Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – name: 4 Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA – name: 3 Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA – name: 5 Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, P.R.China – name: 1 Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Pengcheng surname: Xun fullname: Xun, Pengcheng organization: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2221 McGavran-Greenberg, Campus Box: 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Deborah surname: Bujnowski fullname: Bujnowski, Deborah organization: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2221 McGavran-Greenberg, Campus Box: 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Kiang surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Kiang organization: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: J. surname: Steve Morris fullname: Steve Morris, J. organization: Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Zhongqin surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Zhongqin organization: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2221 McGavran-Greenberg, Campus Box: 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Ka surname: He fullname: He, Ka email: kahe@unc.edu organization: Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2221 McGavran-Greenberg, Campus Box: 7461, Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
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Keywords | Toenail Ethnicity American young adults Selenium Distribution Human Ethnic group Micronutrient Toxicokinetics Trace element Nail(anatomy) Race Young adult Caucasoid Public health African American |
Language | English |
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Snippet | Data on selenium (Se) levels in American young adults, especially in African Americans, are lacking.
This study presented toenail Se distributions in American... Background Data on selenium (Se) levels in American young adults, especially in African Americans, are lacking. Objective This study presented toenail Se... Background: Data on selenium (Se) levels in American young adults, especially in African Americans, are lacking. Objective: This study presented toenail Se... |
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SubjectTerms | 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES Adult Adults African Americans - statistics & numerical data ALCOHOLS American young adults Biological and medical sciences Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Cohort Studies CONCENTRATION RATIO CORONARIES Distribution ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION Education Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Ethnicity European Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data Female Humans Indicators Male Males Medical sciences Metals and various inorganic compounds Nails - chemistry NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS PUBLIC HEALTH SELENIUM Selenium - analysis Smoking Soil (material) Subgroups TOBACCO SMOKES Toenail Toxicology Trace Elements - analysis United States Young Adult |
Title | Distribution of toenail selenium levels in young adult Caucasians and African Americans in the United States: The CARDIA Trace Element Study |
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