Microbial translocation in HIV infection: causes, consequences and treatment opportunities

• Published in: Nature reviews. Microbiology Vol. 10; no. 9; pp. 655 - 666
• Main Authors: Sandler, Netanya G., Douek, Daniel C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.09.2012; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/326/596/2553; 631/326/596/2555; 692/699/255/1901; 692/700/565; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS; Antiretroviral agents; Antiretroviral drugs; Antiretroviral therapy; Bacterial Infections - pathology; Bacterial Toxins - immunology; Bacterial Toxins - metabolism; Bacterial Translocation; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Care and treatment; CD14 antigen; CD4 antigen; CD8 antigen; Cell activation; Cytokines; Damage; Dementia disorders; Dengue fever; Development and progression; Disease; Drug therapy; Enterocytes; Fibrosis; Gastrointestinal Tract - immunology; Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology; Gastrointestinal Tract - pathology; Gut-associated lymphoid tissues; HIV; HIV infection; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - immunology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Hypertension; Immune clearance; Immune system; Immunoglobulin A; Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use; Infections; Infectious Diseases; Inflammation; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Life Sciences; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver cirrhosis; Lymphatic system; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Lymphoid tissue; Medical Microbiology; Microbial genetics; Microbiology; Microorganisms; Models, Biological; Monocytes; Mortality; Mortality risk; Parasitology; Proteins; Recovery; review-article; Ribosomal DNA; Therapy; Tight junctions; Translocation; Translocation (Genetics); Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Virology; United States

Key Points Individuals with HIV infection have increased translocation of commensal microbial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), from the intestinal lumen into the systemic circulation. Increased translocation of pro-inflammatory microbial products in HIV infection may be caused by enterocy...