Neuro-Nutraceutical Polyphenols: How Far Are We?

The brain, composed of billions of neurons, is a complex network of interacting dynamical systems controlling all body functions. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and their impairment of their functions could result in neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence shows an...

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Published inAntioxidants Vol. 12; no. 3; p. 539
Main Authors Gentile, Maria Teresa, Camerino, Iolanda, Ciarmiello, Loredana, Woodrow, Pasqualina, Muscariello, Lidia, De Chiara, Ida, Pacifico, Severina
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 21.02.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Acetylcholinesterase
Alzheimer's disease
Antioxidants
Bioavailability
Brain
Central nervous system
Cereals
Chelating agents
Copper
Dementia
Disease prevention
dyshomeostasis microbiota
Flavonoids
Food
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
gut–brain axis
Health aspects
health services
Hormones
humans
Intestinal microflora
intestinal microorganisms
iron
Metabolites
Microbiota
Molecular modelling
Nervous system
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
neurodegenerative disorders
Neurological diseases
neurons
oxygen
Parkinson's disease
Phosphorylation
Phytochemicals
Polyphenols
Reactive oxygen species
Review
Tau protein
therapeutics
zinc
United States
polyphenols
gut–brain axis
dyshomeostasis microbiota
neurodegenerative disorders
central nervous system
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Abstract The brain, composed of billions of neurons, is a complex network of interacting dynamical systems controlling all body functions. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and their impairment of their functions could result in neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence shows an increase of brain-affecting disorders, still today characterized by poor therapeutic options. There is a strong urgency to find new alternative strategies to prevent progressive neuronal loss. Polyphenols, a wide family of plant compounds with an equally wide range of biological activities, are suitable candidates to counteract chronic degenerative disease in the central nervous system. Herein, we will review their role in human healthcare and highlight their: antioxidant activities in reactive oxygen species-producing neurodegenerative pathologies; putative role as anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; and protective activity in Alzheimer’s disease by preventing Aβ aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, the pathology of these multifactorial diseases is also characterized by metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), most important for cellular function. In this scenario, polyphenols’ action as natural chelators is also discussed. Furthermore, the critical importance of the role exerted by polyphenols on microbiota is assumed, since there is a growing body of evidence for the role of the intestinal microbiota in the gut–brain axis, giving new opportunities to study molecular mechanisms and to find novel strategies in neurological diseases.
AbstractList The brain, composed of billions of neurons, is a complex network of interacting dynamical systems controlling all body functions. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and their impairment of their functions could result in neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence shows an increase of brain-affecting disorders, still today characterized by poor therapeutic options. There is a strong urgency to find new alternative strategies to prevent progressive neuronal loss. Polyphenols, a wide family of plant compounds with an equally wide range of biological activities, are suitable candidates to counteract chronic degenerative disease in the central nervous system. Herein, we will review their role in human healthcare and highlight their: antioxidant activities in reactive oxygen species-producing neurodegenerative pathologies; putative role as anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; and protective activity in Alzheimer’s disease by preventing Aβ aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, the pathology of these multifactorial diseases is also characterized by metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), most important for cellular function. In this scenario, polyphenols’ action as natural chelators is also discussed. Furthermore, the critical importance of the role exerted by polyphenols on microbiota is assumed, since there is a growing body of evidence for the role of the intestinal microbiota in the gut–brain axis, giving new opportunities to study molecular mechanisms and to find novel strategies in neurological diseases.
The brain, composed of billions of neurons, is a complex network of interacting dynamical systems controlling all body functions. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and their impairment of their functions could result in neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence shows an increase of brain-affecting disorders, still today characterized by poor therapeutic options. There is a strong urgency to find new alternative strategies to prevent progressive neuronal loss. Polyphenols, a wide family of plant compounds with an equally wide range of biological activities, are suitable candidates to counteract chronic degenerative disease in the central nervous system. Herein, we will review their role in human healthcare and highlight their: antioxidant activities in reactive oxygen species-producing neurodegenerative pathologies; putative role as anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; and protective activity in Alzheimer's disease by preventing Aβ aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, the pathology of these multifactorial diseases is also characterized by metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), most important for cellular function. In this scenario, polyphenols' action as natural chelators is also discussed. Furthermore, the critical importance of the role exerted by polyphenols on microbiota is assumed, since there is a growing body of evidence for the role of the intestinal microbiota in the gut-brain axis, giving new opportunities to study molecular mechanisms and to find novel strategies in neurological diseases.The brain, composed of billions of neurons, is a complex network of interacting dynamical systems controlling all body functions. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and their impairment of their functions could result in neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence shows an increase of brain-affecting disorders, still today characterized by poor therapeutic options. There is a strong urgency to find new alternative strategies to prevent progressive neuronal loss. Polyphenols, a wide family of plant compounds with an equally wide range of biological activities, are suitable candidates to counteract chronic degenerative disease in the central nervous system. Herein, we will review their role in human healthcare and highlight their: antioxidant activities in reactive oxygen species-producing neurodegenerative pathologies; putative role as anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; and protective activity in Alzheimer's disease by preventing Aβ aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, the pathology of these multifactorial diseases is also characterized by metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), most important for cellular function. In this scenario, polyphenols' action as natural chelators is also discussed. Furthermore, the critical importance of the role exerted by polyphenols on microbiota is assumed, since there is a growing body of evidence for the role of the intestinal microbiota in the gut-brain axis, giving new opportunities to study molecular mechanisms and to find novel strategies in neurological diseases.
Audience Academic
Author Ciarmiello, Loredana
Gentile, Maria Teresa
Woodrow, Pasqualina
Muscariello, Lidia
De Chiara, Ida
Camerino, Iolanda
Pacifico, Severina
AuthorAffiliation Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Maria Teresa
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4239-5330
  surname: Gentile
  fullname: Gentile, Maria Teresa
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  surname: Camerino
  fullname: Camerino, Iolanda
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  givenname: Loredana
  surname: Ciarmiello
  fullname: Ciarmiello, Loredana
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  givenname: Pasqualina
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5475-409X
  surname: Woodrow
  fullname: Woodrow, Pasqualina
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  surname: Muscariello
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-3804-9809
  surname: Pacifico
  fullname: Pacifico, Severina
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36978787$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords polyphenols
gut–brain axis
dyshomeostasis microbiota
neurodegenerative disorders
central nervous system
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Snippet The brain, composed of billions of neurons, is a complex network of interacting dynamical systems controlling all body functions. Neurons are the building...
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SubjectTerms Acetylcholinesterase
Alzheimer's disease
Antioxidants
Bioavailability
Brain
Central nervous system
Cereals
Chelating agents
Copper
Dementia
Disease prevention
dyshomeostasis microbiota
Flavonoids
Food
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
gut–brain axis
Health aspects
health services
Hormones
humans
Intestinal microflora
intestinal microorganisms
iron
Metabolites
Microbiota
Molecular modelling
Nervous system
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
neurodegenerative disorders
Neurological diseases
neurons
oxygen
Parkinson's disease
Phosphorylation
Phytochemicals
Polyphenols
Reactive oxygen species
Review
Tau protein
therapeutics
zinc
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Title Neuro-Nutraceutical Polyphenols: How Far Are We?
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36978787
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2791565186
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2792503985
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2887609112
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10044769
https://doaj.org/article/df3e6eac68f94753be8ced4586d86a15
Volume 12
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