Impact of microgravity and lunar gravity on murine skeletal and immune systems during space travel
Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and immune systems. However, the mechanisms by which organisms respond to this stress remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of...
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| Published in | Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 28774 - 14 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
20.11.2024
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
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| Abstract | Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and immune systems. However, the mechanisms by which organisms respond to this stress remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of three different gravitational loadings (microgravity, 1/6
g
[lunar gravity], and 1
g
) on the behavior, bone, thymus, and spleen of mice housed for 25–35 days in the International Space Station. The bone density reduction under microgravity was mostly recovered by 1
g
but only partially recovered by 1/6
g
. Both 1
g
and 1/6
g
suppressed microgravity-induced changes in some osteoblast and osteoclast marker gene expression. Thymus atrophy induced by microgravity was half recovered by both 1
g
and 1/6
g
, but gene expression changes were not fully recovered by 1/6
g
. While no histological changes were observed due to low gravity, alterations in gene expression were noted in the spleen. We found that in bone and thymus, lunar gravity reduced microgravity-induced histological alterations and partially reversed gene expression changes. This study highlighted organ-specific variations in responsiveness to gravity, serving as an animal test for establishing a molecular-level gravity threshold for maintaining a healthy state during future spaceflight. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and immune systems. However, the mechanisms by which organisms respond to this stress remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of three different gravitational loadings (microgravity, 1/6
g
[lunar gravity], and 1
g
) on the behavior, bone, thymus, and spleen of mice housed for 25–35 days in the International Space Station. The bone density reduction under microgravity was mostly recovered by 1
g
but only partially recovered by 1/6
g
. Both 1
g
and 1/6
g
suppressed microgravity-induced changes in some osteoblast and osteoclast marker gene expression. Thymus atrophy induced by microgravity was half recovered by both 1
g
and 1/6
g
, but gene expression changes were not fully recovered by 1/6
g
. While no histological changes were observed due to low gravity, alterations in gene expression were noted in the spleen. We found that in bone and thymus, lunar gravity reduced microgravity-induced histological alterations and partially reversed gene expression changes. This study highlighted organ-specific variations in responsiveness to gravity, serving as an animal test for establishing a molecular-level gravity threshold for maintaining a healthy state during future spaceflight. Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and immune systems. However, the mechanisms by which organisms respond to this stress remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of three different gravitational loadings (microgravity, 1/6 g [lunar gravity], and 1 g) on the behavior, bone, thymus, and spleen of mice housed for 25-35 days in the International Space Station. The bone density reduction under microgravity was mostly recovered by 1 g but only partially recovered by 1/6 g. Both 1 g and 1/6 g suppressed microgravity-induced changes in some osteoblast and osteoclast marker gene expression. Thymus atrophy induced by microgravity was half recovered by both 1 g and 1/6 g, but gene expression changes were not fully recovered by 1/6 g. While no histological changes were observed due to low gravity, alterations in gene expression were noted in the spleen. We found that in bone and thymus, lunar gravity reduced microgravity-induced histological alterations and partially reversed gene expression changes. This study highlighted organ-specific variations in responsiveness to gravity, serving as an animal test for establishing a molecular-level gravity threshold for maintaining a healthy state during future spaceflight. Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and immune systems. However, the mechanisms by which organisms respond to this stress remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of three different gravitational loadings (microgravity, 1/6 g [lunar gravity], and 1 g) on the behavior, bone, thymus, and spleen of mice housed for 25-35 days in the International Space Station. The bone density reduction under microgravity was mostly recovered by 1 g but only partially recovered by 1/6 g. Both 1 g and 1/6 g suppressed microgravity-induced changes in some osteoblast and osteoclast marker gene expression. Thymus atrophy induced by microgravity was half recovered by both 1 g and 1/6 g, but gene expression changes were not fully recovered by 1/6 g. While no histological changes were observed due to low gravity, alterations in gene expression were noted in the spleen. We found that in bone and thymus, lunar gravity reduced microgravity-induced histological alterations and partially reversed gene expression changes. This study highlighted organ-specific variations in responsiveness to gravity, serving as an animal test for establishing a molecular-level gravity threshold for maintaining a healthy state during future spaceflight.Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and immune systems. However, the mechanisms by which organisms respond to this stress remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of three different gravitational loadings (microgravity, 1/6 g [lunar gravity], and 1 g) on the behavior, bone, thymus, and spleen of mice housed for 25-35 days in the International Space Station. The bone density reduction under microgravity was mostly recovered by 1 g but only partially recovered by 1/6 g. Both 1 g and 1/6 g suppressed microgravity-induced changes in some osteoblast and osteoclast marker gene expression. Thymus atrophy induced by microgravity was half recovered by both 1 g and 1/6 g, but gene expression changes were not fully recovered by 1/6 g. While no histological changes were observed due to low gravity, alterations in gene expression were noted in the spleen. We found that in bone and thymus, lunar gravity reduced microgravity-induced histological alterations and partially reversed gene expression changes. This study highlighted organ-specific variations in responsiveness to gravity, serving as an animal test for establishing a molecular-level gravity threshold for maintaining a healthy state during future spaceflight. Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and immune systems. However, the mechanisms by which organisms respond to this stress remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of three different gravitational loadings (microgravity, 1/6 g [lunar gravity], and 1 g) on the behavior, bone, thymus, and spleen of mice housed for 25–35 days in the International Space Station. The bone density reduction under microgravity was mostly recovered by 1 g but only partially recovered by 1/6 g. Both 1 g and 1/6 g suppressed microgravity-induced changes in some osteoblast and osteoclast marker gene expression. Thymus atrophy induced by microgravity was half recovered by both 1 g and 1/6 g, but gene expression changes were not fully recovered by 1/6 g. While no histological changes were observed due to low gravity, alterations in gene expression were noted in the spleen. We found that in bone and thymus, lunar gravity reduced microgravity-induced histological alterations and partially reversed gene expression changes. This study highlighted organ-specific variations in responsiveness to gravity, serving as an animal test for establishing a molecular-level gravity threshold for maintaining a healthy state during future spaceflight. Abstract Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and immune systems. However, the mechanisms by which organisms respond to this stress remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of three different gravitational loadings (microgravity, 1/6 g [lunar gravity], and 1 g) on the behavior, bone, thymus, and spleen of mice housed for 25–35 days in the International Space Station. The bone density reduction under microgravity was mostly recovered by 1 g but only partially recovered by 1/6 g. Both 1 g and 1/6 g suppressed microgravity-induced changes in some osteoblast and osteoclast marker gene expression. Thymus atrophy induced by microgravity was half recovered by both 1 g and 1/6 g, but gene expression changes were not fully recovered by 1/6 g. While no histological changes were observed due to low gravity, alterations in gene expression were noted in the spleen. We found that in bone and thymus, lunar gravity reduced microgravity-induced histological alterations and partially reversed gene expression changes. This study highlighted organ-specific variations in responsiveness to gravity, serving as an animal test for establishing a molecular-level gravity threshold for maintaining a healthy state during future spaceflight. |
| ArticleNumber | 28774 |
| Author | Kudo, Takashi Muratani, Masafumi Gochi, Kei Ishii, Hiroto Jeon, Hyojung Shiba, Dai Ochi, Hiroki Shinohara, Masahiro Tsunakawa, Yuki Okada, Risa Suzuki, Riku Takahashi, Satoru Murakami, Yuka Sato, Shingo Hayashi, Takuto Ishikawa, Tatsuya Fuseya, Sayaka Okamura, Yui Abe, Chikara Inoue, Yuri Hayama, Mio Kanai, Maho Sadaki, Shunya Akiyama, Taishin Hamada, Michito Morita, Hironobu |
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fullname: Hayashi, Takuto organization: Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba – sequence: 5 givenname: Sayaka surname: Fuseya fullname: Fuseya, Sayaka organization: Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology – sequence: 6 givenname: Riku surname: Suzuki fullname: Suzuki, Riku organization: Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba – sequence: 7 givenname: Maho surname: Kanai fullname: Kanai, Maho organization: Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, and Department of Anatomy and 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Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration |
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Cardiol.2005951128113010.1016/j.amjcard.2005.01.03315842991 HayashiTLunar gravity prevents skeletal muscle atrophy but not myofiber type shift in miceCommun. Biol.202364241:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXosVGgtb0%3D10.1038/s42003-023-04769-33708570010121599 M Chatani (79315_CR22) 2016; 6 K Horie (79315_CR14) 2019; 9 R Okada (79315_CR11) 2021; 11 RL Summers (79315_CR7) 2005; 95 R Tateishi (79315_CR32) 2015; 10 79315_CR24 J Dooley (79315_CR29) 2012; 42 D Shiba (79315_CR10) 2017; 7 H Vandenburgh (79315_CR3) 1999; 13 D Vorselen (79315_CR20) 2014; 28 DS Gridley (79315_CR25) 2013; 8 A Yumoto (79315_CR17) 2021; 70 EG Novoselova (79315_CR26) 2015; 220 S Colucci (79315_CR23) 2020; 34 MD Robinson (79315_CR39) 2010; 26 H Morita (79315_CR5) 2020; 70 K Horie (79315_CR13) 2019; 9 A Witze (79315_CR2) 2022; 611 S Majumdar (79315_CR28) 2018; 87 A Puca (79315_CR27) 2012; 3 E Lansiaux (79315_CR37) 2024; 15 ML Bouxsein (79315_CR38) 2010; 25 D Grimm (79315_CR4) 2016; 87 79315_CR16 C Nunes-Alves (79315_CR30) 2013; 34 79315_CR33 E Afshinnekoo (79315_CR8) 2021; 184 79315_CR12 79315_CR34 TH Mader (79315_CR6) 2011; 118 T Hayashi (79315_CR19) 2023; 6 M Shimomura (79315_CR18) 2021; 11 79315_CR1 M Shimbo (79315_CR9) 2016; 65 T Matsumura (79315_CR15) 2019; 9 T Akiyama (79315_CR35) 2020; 6 EA Blaber (79315_CR21) 2013; 8 R Shimizu (79315_CR36) 2023; 6 J de Meis (79315_CR31) 2012; 2012 |
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| Snippet | Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and immune... Abstract Long-duration spaceflight creates a variety of stresses due to the unique environment, which can lead to compromised functioning of the skeletal and... |
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| SubjectTerms | 631/250 631/337/2019 631/443/63 Animals Atrophy Bone Bone and Bones - metabolism Bone Density Gene expression Humanities and Social Sciences Immune System Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Microgravity Moon multidisciplinary Science Science (multidisciplinary) Space Flight Spaceflight Spleen Spleen - immunology Spleen - metabolism Thymus Thymus gland Thymus Gland - immunology Thymus Gland - metabolism Weightlessness - adverse effects |
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| Title | Impact of microgravity and lunar gravity on murine skeletal and immune systems during space travel |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-024-79315-0 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39567640 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3131034183 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3131498501 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11579474 https://doaj.org/article/795db43ac3284010b1ff4f4d92b949ff |
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