Cerebrovascular Disease in Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Literature and Case Series
COVID-19 has been associated with a hypercoagulable state causing cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. To further characterize cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19, we review the current literature of published cases and additionally report the clinical presentation, laboratory and d...
Saved in:
| Published in | Case reports in neurology Vol. 12; no. 2; pp. 199 - 209 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Basel, Switzerland
S. Karger AG
01.05.2020
Karger Publishers |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1662-680X 1662-680X |
| DOI | 10.1159/000508958 |
Cover
| Abstract | COVID-19 has been associated with a hypercoagulable state causing cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. To further characterize cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19, we review the current literature of published cases and additionally report the clinical presentation, laboratory and diagnostic testing results of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent CVD from two academic medical centers in Houston, TX, USA, between March 1 and May 10, 2020. To date, there are 12 case studies reporting 47 cases of CVD in COVID-19. However, only 4 small case series have described the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19 and concurrent stroke. Viral neurotropism, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy and inflammation are plausible proposed mechanisms of CVD in COVID-19 patients. In our case series of 12 patients, 10 patients had an ischemic stroke, of which 1 suffered hemorrhagic transformation and two had intracerebral hemorrhage. Etiology was determined to be embolic without a clear cause identified in 6 ischemic stroke patients, while the remaining had an identifiable source of stroke. The majority of the patients had elevated inflammatory markers such as D-dimer and interleukin-6. In patients with embolic stroke of unclear etiology, COVID-19 may have played a direct or indirect role in the processes that eventually led to the strokes while in the remaining cases, it is unclear if infection contributed partially or was an incidental finding. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | COVID-19 has been associated with a hypercoagulable state causing cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. To further characterize cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19, we review the current literature of published cases and additionally report the clinical presentation, laboratory and diagnostic testing results of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent CVD from two academic medical centers in Houston, TX, USA, between March 1 and May 10, 2020. To date, there are 12 case studies reporting 47 cases of CVD in COVID-19. However, only 4 small case series have described the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19 and concurrent stroke. Viral neurotropism, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy and inflammation are plausible proposed mechanisms of CVD in COVID-19 patients. In our case series of 12 patients, 10 patients had an ischemic stroke, of which 1 suffered hemorrhagic transformation and two had intracerebral hemorrhage. Etiology was determined to be embolic without a clear cause identified in 6 ischemic stroke patients, while the remaining had an identifiable source of stroke. The majority of the patients had elevated inflammatory markers such as D-dimer and interleukin-6. In patients with embolic stroke of unclear etiology, COVID-19 may have played a direct or indirect role in the processes that eventually led to the strokes while in the remaining cases, it is unclear if infection contributed partially or was an incidental finding. COVID-19 has been associated with a hypercoagulable state causing cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. To further characterize cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19, we review the current literature of published cases and additionally report the clinical presentation, laboratory and diagnostic testing results of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent CVD from two academic medical centers in Houston, TX, USA, between March 1 and May 10, 2020. To date, there are 12 case studies reporting 47 cases of CVD in COVID-19. However, only 4 small case series have described the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19 and concurrent stroke. Viral neurotropism, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy and inflammation are plausible proposed mechanisms of CVD in COVID-19 patients. In our case series of 12 patients, 10 patients had an ischemic stroke, of which 1 suffered hemorrhagic transformation and two had intracerebral hemorrhage. Etiology was determined to be embolic without a clear cause identified in 6 ischemic stroke patients, while the remaining had an identifiable source of stroke. The majority of the patients had elevated inflammatory markers such as D-dimer and interleukin-6. In patients with embolic stroke of unclear etiology, COVID-19 may have played a direct or indirect role in the processes that eventually led to the strokes while in the remaining cases, it is unclear if infection contributed partially or was an incidental finding.COVID-19 has been associated with a hypercoagulable state causing cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. To further characterize cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19, we review the current literature of published cases and additionally report the clinical presentation, laboratory and diagnostic testing results of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent CVD from two academic medical centers in Houston, TX, USA, between March 1 and May 10, 2020. To date, there are 12 case studies reporting 47 cases of CVD in COVID-19. However, only 4 small case series have described the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19 and concurrent stroke. Viral neurotropism, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy and inflammation are plausible proposed mechanisms of CVD in COVID-19 patients. In our case series of 12 patients, 10 patients had an ischemic stroke, of which 1 suffered hemorrhagic transformation and two had intracerebral hemorrhage. Etiology was determined to be embolic without a clear cause identified in 6 ischemic stroke patients, while the remaining had an identifiable source of stroke. The majority of the patients had elevated inflammatory markers such as D-dimer and interleukin-6. In patients with embolic stroke of unclear etiology, COVID-19 may have played a direct or indirect role in the processes that eventually led to the strokes while in the remaining cases, it is unclear if infection contributed partially or was an incidental finding. |
| Author | Nascimento, Fábio A. Gonzales, Nicole Barreto, Andrew Garg, Tanu Imran, Rajeel Savitz , Sean I. Shah, Chintan Chiu, David Gadhia, Rajan Kumar, Abhay Bowry, Ritvij Misra, Vivek Volpi, John Reddy, Sujan T. Kan, Peter |
| AuthorAffiliation | f Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA b Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA a Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA c Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA e Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA d Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: c Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA – name: e Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA – name: d Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas, USA – name: f Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA – name: b Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA – name: a Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sujan T. surname: Reddy fullname: Reddy, Sujan T. email: *Sujan Reddy, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, MSB 7.044, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 (USA), Sujan.T.Reddy@uth.tmc.edu – sequence: 2 givenname: Tanu surname: Garg fullname: Garg, Tanu – sequence: 3 givenname: Chintan surname: Shah fullname: Shah, Chintan – sequence: 4 givenname: Fábio A. surname: Nascimento fullname: Nascimento, Fábio A. – sequence: 5 givenname: Rajeel surname: Imran fullname: Imran, Rajeel – sequence: 6 givenname: Peter surname: Kan fullname: Kan, Peter – sequence: 7 givenname: Ritvij surname: Bowry fullname: Bowry, Ritvij – sequence: 8 givenname: Nicole surname: Gonzales fullname: Gonzales, Nicole – sequence: 9 givenname: Andrew surname: Barreto fullname: Barreto, Andrew – sequence: 10 givenname: Abhay surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Abhay – sequence: 11 givenname: John surname: Volpi fullname: Volpi, John – sequence: 12 givenname: Vivek surname: Misra fullname: Misra, Vivek – sequence: 13 givenname: David surname: Chiu fullname: Chiu, David – sequence: 14 givenname: Rajan surname: Gadhia fullname: Gadhia, Rajan – sequence: 15 givenname: Sean I. surname: Savitz fullname: Savitz , Sean I. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32647526$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNptkttv0zAUhyM0xC7wwDtClniBhzA7vsThAWnKuFSqGBoX8YIs2zlp3aVxsZNO_Pe4tKu2aU-27O98-tnnHGcHve8hy54T_JYQXp1ijDmWFZePsiMiRJELiX8d3NofZscxLjAWFRfsSXZIC8FKXoij7HcNAUzwax3t2OmAzl0EHQG5Hn3Vg4N-iOjaDXNUX_ycnOekeofO0CWsHVwj36JhDmjqBgh6GAMg3Teo3pR_g-AgPs0et7qL8Gy3nmQ_Pn74Xn_OpxefJvXZNLdc8iFnJWPUal1oSO_gstEWjBC0IpLYyjaEYVOCoNBwwyU2ICVnOD2ACFNSg-lJNtl6G68XahXcUoe_ymun_h_4MFM6DM52oApdAqa0rQQxrGxMZQ1jvGlLqq2oGp5c77eu1WiW0Nj0A0F3d6R3b3o3VzO_ViUteIFlErzeCYL_M0Ic1NJFC12ne_BjVAUrKBaU4iKhr-6hCz-GPn1VolhZpWSEJerl7UT7KDddTMDpFrDBxxigVdYNqXl-E9B1imC1mRO1n5NU8eZexY30IXYX8kqHGYQ9WV9-2RJq1bSJevEgtZP8A67tzzA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1038_s41401_020_00519_x crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0248728 crossref_primary_10_1097_MS9_0000000000000953 crossref_primary_10_1159_000513647 crossref_primary_10_1177_1747493020968236 crossref_primary_10_1159_000517403 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnagi_2020_600172 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12038_021_00232_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2022_113534 crossref_primary_10_21518_2079_701X_2021_4_69_77 crossref_primary_10_4103_ijca_ijca_46_21 crossref_primary_10_1515_revneuro_2020_0136 crossref_primary_10_25259_SNI_744_2023 crossref_primary_10_25259_SNI_132_2022 crossref_primary_10_3390_v15020405 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jocn_2020_08_026 crossref_primary_10_4103_ijo_IJO_3321_20 crossref_primary_10_17116_jnevro202112101192 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_appr_2020_100078 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10072_021_05505_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12035_021_02450_6 crossref_primary_10_1002_rmv_2506 crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_2021_0314 crossref_primary_10_2147_JBM_S329449 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jstrokecerebrovasdis_2020_105549 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_8178529 crossref_primary_10_33590_emj_20_00184 crossref_primary_10_3390_encyclopedia2040122 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_39308 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10072_020_04870_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s00772_020_00687_4 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_39942 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines10020435 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2021_635856 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12035_021_02457_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2022_1045274 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jinf_2024_106215 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_radcr_2021_01_025 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0255950 crossref_primary_10_1002_ccr3_5304 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_acra_2021_01_022 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13195_020_00744_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fri_2022_200488 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11684_023_1041_7 crossref_primary_10_1097_NRL_0000000000000360 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinimag_2020_11_030 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42399_020_00527_2 crossref_primary_10_13181_mji_cr_204707 crossref_primary_10_2147_IJGM_S394017 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_34446 crossref_primary_10_5205_1981_8963_2024_259337 crossref_primary_10_36106_paripex_4002259 crossref_primary_10_3390_vaccines10060849 crossref_primary_10_1590_1980_265x_tce_2020_0602 crossref_primary_10_14260_jemds_2021_731 crossref_primary_10_4103_ijo_IJO_3706_20 crossref_primary_10_18359_rmed_5144 crossref_primary_10_1002_ccr3_5178 crossref_primary_10_38053_acmj_896361 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm10153349 crossref_primary_10_2147_NDT_S333109 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2021_615333 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajpath_2021_04_017 crossref_primary_10_26683_2786_4855_2021_2_36__50_59 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pdpdt_2023_103513 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2020_574694 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_8824512 crossref_primary_10_1177_1747493020972922 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clineuro_2021_106495 crossref_primary_10_14710_jai_v12i3_32906 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11055_021_01183_2 crossref_primary_10_5155_eurjchem_12_2_222_234_2084 crossref_primary_10_1080_20009666_2021_1883814 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_742941 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_26434 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1161/01.STR.0000038988.64376.3A 10.1177/1747493020921664 10.1056/NEJMc2009020 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030153 10.1007/s10571-005-4011-5 10.1111/jth.14859 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031 10.1056/NEJMc2008597 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.062 10.1002/jmv.25915 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122 10.1055/s-0040-1710019 10.1056/NEJMc2007575 10.1002/jmv.25801 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.04.033 10.1111/jth.14817 10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4 10.1002/ajh.25829 10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.240 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007416 10.1515/cclm-2020-0188 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100669 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.4030 10.1111/jth.14768 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 10.1111/ene.14286 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017 10.1056/NEJMc2009787 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323586 10.1001/archinte.162.22.2589 10.1161/01.STR.24.1.35 10.1053/sarh.2002.28303 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel. Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel 2020 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel – notice: Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel. – notice: Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel 2020 |
| DBID | M-- AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7X7 7XB 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA BENPR CCPQU FYUFA GHDGH K9. M0S PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1159/000508958 |
| DatabaseName | Karger Open Access Journals CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Hospital Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central China ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Complete Health Research Premium Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: M-- name: Karger Open Access Journals url: https://www.karger.com/OpenAccess sourceTypes: Enrichment Source Publisher – sequence: 4 dbid: 7X7 name: Health & Medical Collection url: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1662-680X |
| EndPage | 209 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_2a7e033f961b47db9cb445df73ac69d5 PMC7325208 32647526 10_1159_000508958 508958 |
| Genre | Case Reports |
| GeographicLocations | China |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: China |
| GroupedDBID | --- 0~B 3O. 3V. 4.4 53G 5VS 6J9 7X7 8FI 8FJ ABDBF ABPAZ ABUWG ACGFS ADBBV AEGXH AEYAO AFKRA AHMBA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZPMC BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CYUIP DIK E0A EBS F5P FB. FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HMCUK HYE IAO IHR KQ8 M-- M48 M~E O1H O5R O5S OK1 PQQKQ PROAC RKO RNS RPM TR2 UKHRP AAYXX ABBTS ABWCG ACUHS AHFRZ CITATION ITC ADRAZ C1A CAG COF EJD IPNFZ NPM RIG 7XB 8FK K9. PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-47443caa2ae50858daceb6639181c9cd140b7e63ed5b580be8854075216b73b03 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1662-680X |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:25:51 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:14:43 EDT 2025 Fri Sep 05 11:36:15 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 05:58:55 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:02:24 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:55:14 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 29 01:59:14 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 29 12:04:48 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 05 18:04:27 EDT 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Keywords | COVID-19 APLS Stroke SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Cerebrovascular disease |
| Language | English |
| License | This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-4.0 International License (CC BY-NC) (http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c585t-47443caa2ae50858daceb6639181c9cd140b7e63ed5b580be8854075216b73b03 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Case Study-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Feature-4 ObjectType-Report-1 ObjectType-Article-3 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1159/000508958 |
| PMID | 32647526 |
| PQID | 2447944514 |
| PQPubID | 2047993 |
| PageCount | 11 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2423063302 karger_primary_508958 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7325208 crossref_citationtrail_10_1159_000508958 crossref_primary_10_1159_000508958 proquest_journals_2447944514 pubmed_primary_32647526 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_2a7e033f961b47db9cb445df73ac69d5 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2020 May-Aug |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-05-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 05 year: 2020 text: 2020 May-Aug |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Basel, Switzerland |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel, Switzerland – name: Switzerland – name: Basel – name: Allschwilerstrasse 10, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, CH–4009, Basel, Switzerland · Schweiz · Suisse, Phone: +41 61 306 11 11, Fax: +41 61 306 12 34, karger@karger.com |
| PublicationTitle | Case reports in neurology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Case Rep Neurol |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | S. Karger AG Karger Publishers |
| Publisher_xml | – name: S. Karger AG – name: Karger Publishers |
| References | Aggarwal G, Lippi G, Michael Henry B. Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased disease severity in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A pooled analysis of published literature. Int J Stroke. 2020Jun;15(4):385–9. 10.1177/1747493020921664323100151747-4930 Jacobs BS, Boden-Albala B, Lin IF, Sacco RL. Stroke in the young in the northern Manhattan stroke study. Stroke. 2002Dec;33(12):2789–93. 10.1161/01.STR.0000038988.64376.3A124687710039-2499 Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang S, Xia P, Cao W, Jiang W, et al.. Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020Apr;382(17):e38. 10.1056/NEJMc2007575322680220028-4793 Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020Apr;18(4):844–7. 10.1111/jth.14768320732131538-7933 Al Saiegh F, Ghosh R, Leibold A, Avery MB, Schmidt RF, Theofanis T, et al.. Status of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with COVID-19 and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020Apr;jnnp-2020-323522.323547701468-330X Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020Feb.321049151096-9071 Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L, et al.. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020Mar;S0889-1591(20)30357-3. 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031322407620889-1591 Jenny NS, Callas PW, Judd SE, McClure LA, Kissela B, Zakai NA, et al.. Inflammatory cytokines and ischemic stroke risk: the REGARDS cohort. Neurology. 2019May;92(20):e2375–84. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007416310040720028-3878 Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al.. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020Apr;S0735-1097(20)35008-7.323114481558-3597 Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020. Valderrama EV, Humbert K, Lord A, Frontera J, Yaghi S. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2020:Strokeaha120030153. Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020Apr;11(7):995–8. 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122321677471948-7193 Zhang L, Yan X, Fan Q, Liu H, Liu X, Liu Z, et al.. D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020Apr;jth.14859. 10.1111/jth.14859323064921538-7933 Adams HPJr, BendixenBH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, et al.. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993Jan;24(1):35–41. 10.1161/01.STR.24.1.3576781840039-2499 Saavedra JM. Brain angiotensin II: new developments, unanswered questions and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2005Jun;25(3-4):485–512. 10.1007/s10571-005-4011-5160753770272-4340 Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Takamino J, et al.. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis. 2020May;94:55–8. 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.062322517911201-9712 Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al.. Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young. N Engl J Med. 2020May;382(20):e60. 10.1056/NEJMc2009787323435040028-4793 Kitchens CS. Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program). 2009;2009(1):240–6. 10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.240200082041520-4391 Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Lednicky J, et al.. Central Nervous System Involvement by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol. 2020Apr;jmv.25915. 10.1002/jmv.25915323148100146-6615 Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al.. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020Feb;395(10223):497–506. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5319862640140-6736 Li Y, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chan Y, Xian Y, Mao L, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Available at SSRN SSRN: https://ssrncom/abstract=3550025. 3/3/2020. Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, Ding J, Huang Q, Tang YQ, et al. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 5. England2020. p. 33. Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Kummerlen C, et al.. Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. N Engl J Med. 2020;NEJMc2008597. 10.1056/NEJMc20085970028-4793 Luo P, Liu Y, Qiu L, Liu X, Liu D, Li J. Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: A single center experience. J Med Virol. 2020Apr. 10.1002/jmv.25801322537590146-6615 Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, Kastritis E, Sergentanis TN, Politou M, et al.. Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020Apr;ajh.25829. 10.1002/ajh.25829322829490361-8609 Rodelo JR, De la Rosa G, Valencia ML, Ospina S, Arango CM, Gómez CI, et al.. D-dimer is a significant prognostic factor in patients with suspected infection and sepsis. Am J Emerg Med. 2012Nov;30(9):1991–9. 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.04.033227959960735-6757 Beyrouti R, Adams ME, Benjamin L, Cohen H, Farmer SF, Goh YY, et al.. Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020Apr;jnnp-2020-323586. 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323586323547680022-3050 Zhai Z, Li C, Chen Y, Gerotziafas G, Zhang Z, Wan J, et al.; Prevention Treatment of VTE Associated with COVID-19 Infection Consensus Statement Group. Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: A Consensus Statement before Guidelines. Thromb Haemost. 2020Apr. 10.1055/s-0040-1710019323160650340-6245 Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost. 2020May;18(5):1094–9. 10.1111/jth.14817322201121538-7933 Sharifi-Razavi A, Karimi N, Rouhani N. COVID-19 and intracerebral haemorrhage: causative or coincidental? New Microbes New Infect. 35. England: (c). [s]. The Author. 2020;2020:100669. Bustamante JG, Goyal A, Bansal P, Singhal M. Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, APS, APLS). StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2020. Bangalore S, Sharma A, Slotwiner A, Yatskar L, Harari R, Shah B, et al.. ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with Covid-19 - A Case Series. N Engl J Med. 2020Apr;NEJMc2009020. 10.1056/NEJMc2009020323020810028-4793 Klok FA, Kruip M, van der Meer NJ, Arbous MS, Gommers D, Kant KM, et al.. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020.0049-3848 Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T, et al.. Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020Mar. 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017322193562380-6583 Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S, et al.. COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun. 2020Apr;S0889-1591(20)30685-1.323604391090-2139 Ageno W, Finazzi S, Steidl L, Biotti MG, Mera V, Melzi D’Eril G, et al.. Plasma measurement of D-dimer levels for the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke subtypes. Arch Intern Med. 2002Dec;162(22):2589–93. 10.1001/archinte.162.22.2589124562310003-9926 González-Pinto T, Luna-Rodríguez A, Moreno-Estébanez A, Agirre-Beitia G, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, Ruiz-Lopez M. Emergency room neurology in times of COVID-19: malignant ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Neurol. 2020Apr;ene.14286. 10.1111/ene.14286323526181351-5101 Uthman IW, Gharavi AE. Viral infections and antiphospholipid antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002Feb;31(4):256–63. 10.1053/sarh.2002.28303118366580049-0172 Glass WG, Subbarao K, Murphy B, Murphy PM. Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice. J Immunol. 2004Sep;173(6):4030–9. 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.4030153561520022-1767 Han H, Yang L, Liu R, Liu F, Wu KL, Li J, et al.. Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020Mar;0(0):/j/cclm.ahead-of-print/cclm-2020-0188/cclm-2020-0188.xml. 10.1515/cclm-2020-0188321722261434-6621 ref13 ref12 ref15 ref14 ref31 ref30 ref11 ref10 ref32 ref2 ref1 ref17 ref16 ref19 ref18 ref24 ref23 ref26 ref25 ref20 ref22 ref21 ref28 ref27 ref29 ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 |
| References_xml | – reference: Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Kummerlen C, et al.. Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection. N Engl J Med. 2020;NEJMc2008597. 10.1056/NEJMc20085970028-4793 – reference: Uthman IW, Gharavi AE. Viral infections and antiphospholipid antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2002Feb;31(4):256–63. 10.1053/sarh.2002.28303118366580049-0172 – reference: Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost. 2020May;18(5):1094–9. 10.1111/jth.14817322201121538-7933 – reference: Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020. – reference: Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al.. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020Feb;395(10223):497–506. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5319862640140-6736 – reference: Klok FA, Kruip M, van der Meer NJ, Arbous MS, Gommers D, Kant KM, et al.. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020.0049-3848 – reference: Han H, Yang L, Liu R, Liu F, Wu KL, Li J, et al.. Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020Mar;0(0):/j/cclm.ahead-of-print/cclm-2020-0188/cclm-2020-0188.xml. 10.1515/cclm-2020-0188321722261434-6621 – reference: Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al.. Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young. N Engl J Med. 2020May;382(20):e60. 10.1056/NEJMc2009787323435040028-4793 – reference: Adams HPJr, BendixenBH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, et al.. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993Jan;24(1):35–41. 10.1161/01.STR.24.1.3576781840039-2499 – reference: Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, Ding J, Huang Q, Tang YQ, et al. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 5. England2020. p. 33. – reference: Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. 2020Feb.321049151096-9071 – reference: Bustamante JG, Goyal A, Bansal P, Singhal M. Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, APS, APLS). StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing StatPearls Publishing LLC; 2020. – reference: Bangalore S, Sharma A, Slotwiner A, Yatskar L, Harari R, Shah B, et al.. ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with Covid-19 - A Case Series. N Engl J Med. 2020Apr;NEJMc2009020. 10.1056/NEJMc2009020323020810028-4793 – reference: Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L, et al.. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020Mar;S0889-1591(20)30357-3. 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031322407620889-1591 – reference: Beyrouti R, Adams ME, Benjamin L, Cohen H, Farmer SF, Goh YY, et al.. Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020Apr;jnnp-2020-323586. 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323586323547680022-3050 – reference: Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S, et al.. COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun. 2020Apr;S0889-1591(20)30685-1.323604391090-2139 – reference: Valderrama EV, Humbert K, Lord A, Frontera J, Yaghi S. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2020:Strokeaha120030153. – reference: Aggarwal G, Lippi G, Michael Henry B. Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased disease severity in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A pooled analysis of published literature. Int J Stroke. 2020Jun;15(4):385–9. 10.1177/1747493020921664323100151747-4930 – reference: Li Y, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chan Y, Xian Y, Mao L, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Available at SSRN SSRN: https://ssrncom/abstract=3550025. 3/3/2020. – reference: Glass WG, Subbarao K, Murphy B, Murphy PM. Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice. J Immunol. 2004Sep;173(6):4030–9. 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.4030153561520022-1767 – reference: González-Pinto T, Luna-Rodríguez A, Moreno-Estébanez A, Agirre-Beitia G, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, Ruiz-Lopez M. Emergency room neurology in times of COVID-19: malignant ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Neurol. 2020Apr;ene.14286. 10.1111/ene.14286323526181351-5101 – reference: Jenny NS, Callas PW, Judd SE, McClure LA, Kissela B, Zakai NA, et al.. Inflammatory cytokines and ischemic stroke risk: the REGARDS cohort. Neurology. 2019May;92(20):e2375–84. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007416310040720028-3878 – reference: Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Lednicky J, et al.. Central Nervous System Involvement by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol. 2020Apr;jmv.25915. 10.1002/jmv.25915323148100146-6615 – reference: Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D, Chuich T, Dreyfus I, Driggin E, et al.. COVID-19 and Thrombotic or Thromboembolic Disease: Implications for Prevention, Antithrombotic Therapy, and Follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020Apr;S0735-1097(20)35008-7.323114481558-3597 – reference: Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T, et al.. Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020Mar. 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017322193562380-6583 – reference: Jacobs BS, Boden-Albala B, Lin IF, Sacco RL. Stroke in the young in the northern Manhattan stroke study. Stroke. 2002Dec;33(12):2789–93. 10.1161/01.STR.0000038988.64376.3A124687710039-2499 – reference: Sharifi-Razavi A, Karimi N, Rouhani N. COVID-19 and intracerebral haemorrhage: causative or coincidental? New Microbes New Infect. 35. England: (c). [s]. The Author. 2020;2020:100669. – reference: Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020Apr;11(7):995–8. 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122321677471948-7193 – reference: Al Saiegh F, Ghosh R, Leibold A, Avery MB, Schmidt RF, Theofanis T, et al.. Status of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with COVID-19 and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020Apr;jnnp-2020-323522.323547701468-330X – reference: Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang S, Xia P, Cao W, Jiang W, et al.. Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020Apr;382(17):e38. 10.1056/NEJMc2007575322680220028-4793 – reference: Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Takamino J, et al.. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis. 2020May;94:55–8. 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.062322517911201-9712 – reference: Saavedra JM. Brain angiotensin II: new developments, unanswered questions and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2005Jun;25(3-4):485–512. 10.1007/s10571-005-4011-5160753770272-4340 – reference: Ageno W, Finazzi S, Steidl L, Biotti MG, Mera V, Melzi D’Eril G, et al.. Plasma measurement of D-dimer levels for the early diagnosis of ischemic stroke subtypes. Arch Intern Med. 2002Dec;162(22):2589–93. 10.1001/archinte.162.22.2589124562310003-9926 – reference: Zhai Z, Li C, Chen Y, Gerotziafas G, Zhang Z, Wan J, et al.; Prevention Treatment of VTE Associated with COVID-19 Infection Consensus Statement Group. Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: A Consensus Statement before Guidelines. Thromb Haemost. 2020Apr. 10.1055/s-0040-1710019323160650340-6245 – reference: Zhang L, Yan X, Fan Q, Liu H, Liu X, Liu Z, et al.. D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020Apr;jth.14859. 10.1111/jth.14859323064921538-7933 – reference: Kitchens CS. Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program). 2009;2009(1):240–6. 10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.240200082041520-4391 – reference: Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, Kastritis E, Sergentanis TN, Politou M, et al.. Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020Apr;ajh.25829. 10.1002/ajh.25829322829490361-8609 – reference: Rodelo JR, De la Rosa G, Valencia ML, Ospina S, Arango CM, Gómez CI, et al.. D-dimer is a significant prognostic factor in patients with suspected infection and sepsis. Am J Emerg Med. 2012Nov;30(9):1991–9. 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.04.033227959960735-6757 – reference: Luo P, Liu Y, Qiu L, Liu X, Liu D, Li J. Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: A single center experience. J Med Virol. 2020Apr. 10.1002/jmv.25801322537590146-6615 – reference: Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020Apr;18(4):844–7. 10.1111/jth.14768320732131538-7933 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000038988.64376.3A – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1177/1747493020921664 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2009020 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030153 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1007/s10571-005-4011-5 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1111/jth.14859 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2008597 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.062 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25915 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122 – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710019 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2007575 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25801 – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2012.04.033 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1111/jth.14817 – ident: ref26 doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4 – ident: ref27 doi: 10.1002/ajh.25829 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.240 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000007416 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0188 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100669 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.4030 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1111/jth.14768 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1111/ene.14286 – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2009787 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323586 – ident: ref29 doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.22.2589 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1161/01.STR.24.1.35 – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1053/sarh.2002.28303 |
| SSID | ssj0069564 |
| Score | 2.4033034 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | COVID-19 has been associated with a hypercoagulable state causing cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. To further characterize cerebrovascular... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref karger |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 199 |
| SubjectTerms | Antibodies Anticoagulants apls Case reports Cerebrovascular disease coronavirus Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cytokines Etiology Hemorrhage Hypertension Infections Laboratories Mortality Pathophysiology Patients Pneumonia Risk factors sars-cov-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Single Case – General Neurology Single Case − General Neurology Stroke Thrombosis Viral infections Viruses |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwEB6hHhAXREuB0BaZigOXCG_8insrKVWp2oIQRb2gyK-oFVW22t3-f8Z2NtqtKnHhmnGceDz2fGOPvgH44HCFYdAlygkLsuSB-bKutCwnsgs-UIlWldg-L-TJJT-9Elcrpb5iTlimB86K-1QZFShjnZYTy5W32lnOhe8UM05qn9hLqabLYCrvwRJRPx94hNBfp8p1tNaxrvuK90kk_eh5_sSc69ljEPNhpuSK6zl-Ac8HzEgO879uwpPQb8HT8-FW_CX8bsIMQ9sxq5Qc5VsXctOT75k3dU7igStpvv36elRO9AE5JPlWgEw7ghiQnI30ysT0njTx9XhyFubbcHn85WdzUg5lE0qH2H9RcsU5c8ZUJuCgRe2NCxaBhUZn7rTzGFJZFSQLXlhRUxvqOrLwoR-XVjFL2SvY6Kd9eAOk6-rOeEUtenluLHYglPHaVcpGXjFfwMelOls3cIrH0ha3bYothG5HzRewPza9y0QajzX6HOdkbBC5r9MDtIh2sIj2XxZRwHae0bGbZee7D543Py6yqL3zHYqX898O63jeIvjBDYsjqizg_SjGFRivVUwfpvexTQzjGKNVAa-zuYxfQHDMUbOyALVmSGsjXJf0N9eJ5VuxSlS0fvs_VLIDz6p4TpASNXdhYzG7D3sIphb2XVo3fwE4Mho2 priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: Karger Open Access Journals dbid: M-- link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwdV1Lb9QwEB5BkapeUIFCQwsyiAMXS9n4za2kVAXRghBFvaDIr7QVKFvtbv8_4ziJulW52hNHzng833gmnwHeebQwDLoEnbEoKY8sUF0ZSWeyjSGWEldVz_Z5Ko_P-JdzcT6cd6R_Yf6k-ueeGnXiFkCH2189V2oj9EN4lJKLqXjrhNJxz5WI8vnAG7QmvgWbiE-4Eok84Zbj6fn50enk192HLu8WSd7yOkfb8HiAi-Qg6_cJPIjdU9g8GRLiz-B3HRcY1U4FpeQwJ1zIVUe-Z8rUJUlnraT-9uvzIZ2ZD-SA5IQAmbcE4R_5OjErE9sFUqfH06FZXO7A2dGnn_UxHW5MoB5h_4pyxTnz1lY24vyFDtZHh5jCoB_3xgeMppyKksUgnNCli1onAj504dIp5kr2HDa6eRd3gbStbm1QpUMHz63DAYSywfhKuUQpFgp4P37Oxg904ulWi79NH1YI00xKKODtJHqdOTTuE_qYdDIJJNrrvmG-uGgGK2oqq2LJWGvkzHEVnPGOcxFaxayXJogCdrJGp2HGwffvtNc_TnNXcx1a7B713wwmvGwQ9-BexRFQFvBm6kbjSxkV28X5TZJJERxjZVXAi7xcpjeM664AtbaQ1ma43tNdXfYE34pVoir1y__MZg-2qhT192WX-7CxWtzEVwiNVu51bxX_AI54Bc4 priority: 102 providerName: Karger AG – databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Complete dbid: 7X7 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwEB5BkRAXxKNAoCCDOHCxyMavmAsqKVVBUBCiaC8o8itQgZJld_v_GTve0K0qrrHjJPZMvnnpG4DnDjUMnS5BZyxIygPztK60pDPZBR9KiVKV2D6P5dEJfz8X8xxwW-Wyys0_Mf2o_eBijPwlwhCKDkd8f734Q2PXqJhdzS00rsK1RF2G8qzmk8Ml0fbnmU0IUTv1rytrHbu7n8OgRNWP-PMrVl4vLzM0L9ZLngOgw1twM1uOZH886ttwJfR34PrHnBu_C9-bsEQHd6otJQdj7oWc9uTzyJ66IjHsSppP394d0Jl-RfbJmBsgQ0fQEiQfJpJlYnpPmnh7jJ-F1S6cHL792hzR3DyBOvQA1pQrzpkzpjIBP1rU3rhg0bzQCOlOO4-OlVVBsuCFFXVpQ11HLj5Ec2kVsyW7Bzv90IcHQLqu7oxXpUWs58biAkIZr12lbGQX8wW82Gxn6zKzeGxw8btNHobQ7bTzBTybpi5GOo3LJr2JZzJNiAzY6cKw_NFmhWoro0LJWKflzHLlrXYWpcN3ihkntRcF7I4nOi2zWXzvwvXmy_E41C58h8Ob82-zNq_af7JXwNNpGPUwJldMH4azOCc6c4yVVQH3R3GZnoAmMsedlQWoLUHa-sLtkf70Z-L6VqwSVVk__P9rPYIbVYwDpELMPdhZL8_CYzSW1vZJ0oi_wdIRNA priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Cerebrovascular Disease in Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Literature and Case Series |
| URI | https://karger.com/doi/10.1159/000508958 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32647526 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2447944514 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2423063302 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7325208 https://doaj.org/article/2a7e033f961b47db9cb445df73ac69d5 |
| Volume | 12 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwEB71ISEuiEehgbIyiAMXo2z8ipEQaretCmKXqmLRXlBkxw5UVNmS3Urw7xk72Yit9sAlh3jsyGNPZj6P9Q3AqxItDEGXoEPmJeWeOZpnWtKhrLzzqcRdFdk-J_Jsyj_OxGwLVjU2OwUuNkK7UE9q2ly9-f3rz3s0-HfR4IWOdenSXIt8G3bRIcmAwca8TyZIhAAxuSxlRmWezjqCobWua24psvejS_oZLmM3m2LP21co__FJp_fhXhdMksN29R_Alq8fwp1xly5_BN9GvkHM2183JcdtOoZc1uS8JVRdkHASS0afv344pkP9lhySNl1A5hXB4JB86nmXiakdGYXu4UjNL_ZgenryZXRGu3oKtERQsKRccc5KYzLjcdIid6b0FiMOjV6-1KVDrGWVl8w7YUWeWp_ngZ4PHby0itmUPYadel77fSBVlVfGqdSi--fG4gBCGafLTNlAOOYSeL1SZ1F2ZOOh5sVVEUGH0EWv-QRe9qLXLcPGJqGjsCa9QCDFji_mzfeis7EiM8qnjFVaDi1XzurSci5cpZgppXYigb12RfthVoMf3Ho_upi0TcW1q7B5tf7Fan8WGBXhn4xjuJnAi74ZTTPkW0zt5zdBJuA7xtIsgSftdum_gFEzR83KBNTaRlqb4XpLffkj0n8rlokszZ_-j96ewd0sHBDEG5oHsLNsbvxzjKKWdgDbaqYGsHt0Mjm_GMSzCHyOKR1E6_kLpyAZ2g |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3db9MwED-NTgJeEB8DAgMMAomXiNR27AQJoa3d1LKuTNOG9oKCvwITKCltJ8Q_xd_IOV-s08TbXmPHSew73-98l98BvDSoYeh0xWGfORFyx2yY0FSEfZE76yKBUlWxfU7F6Jh_OIlP1uBP-y-MT6ts98Rqo7al8Wfkb9AMoehwtO_vZz9DXzXKR1fbEhq1WOy537_QZVu8Gw9xfV9RurtzNBiFTVWB0CA0XoZccs6MUlQ5BCdxYpVxGu1uirbOpMaix6GlE8zZWMdJpF2SeJI6NHNCS6YjhuNeg3Xu_2jtwfr2zvTgsN37BXobvOEvQpxQVcyLktTXkz9n9ariAGjxvvtc7_ll0PZihuY5k7d7G241WJVs1cJ1B9ZccReu7zfR-HvweeDm6FJ32axkWEd7yGlBDmq-1gXxB71k8PHTeBj207dki9TRCFLmBLEnmXS0zkQVlgz87f7Ezi024PhKJvY-9IqycA-B5HmSKysjjeiCK40DxFLZ1FCpPZ-ZDeB1O52ZabjMfUmNH1nl08Rp1s18AC-6rrOawOOyTtt-TboOnnO7ulDOv2aNCmdUSRcxlqeir7m0OjUa5dHmkikjUhsHsFGvaDdMO_jmheuDw2ndlM1sjs3t-mfN_rHI_kl7AM-7ZtR8H85RhSvPfB_vPjIW0QAe1OLSPQFBOceZFQHIFUFa-cLVluL0W8UuLhmNaZQ8-v9rPYMbo6P9STYZT_cew03qTyGqNNBN6C3nZ-4JQrWlftroB4EvV62SfwES7E6F |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6VIlVcEI8CKQUMAolL1Kzt2AkSQiXLqkvLUiGK9lIFv0IrULLsboX4a_w6xnnRrSpuvcaOk9gznm88k28AnhvUMHS64nDAnAi5YzZMaCrCgSicdZFAqarZPidi74i_n8bTNfjT_Qvj0yq7PbHeqG1l_Bn5DpohFB2O9n2naNMiDoejN7Ofoa8g5SOtXTmNRkT23e9f6L4tXo-HuNYvKB29-5zthW2FgdAgTF6GXHLOjFJUOQQqcWKVcRptcIp2z6TGovehpRPM2VjHSaRdknjCOjR5QkumI4bjXoPrkiGqQl2S097ZE-h38JbJCBFDXTsvSlJfWf6c_avLBKDt--6zvueXgdyLuZrnjN_oFtxsUSvZbcTsNqy58g5sfGjj8nfhOHNzdK77vFYybOI-5LQkhw1z64L4I1-SffwyHoaD9BXZJU1cglQFQRRKDnqCZ6JKSzJ_uz-7c4tNOLqSab0H62VVugdAiiIplJWRRpzBlcYBYqlsaqjUntnMBvCym87ctKzmvrjGj7z2buI072c-gGd911lD5XFZp7d-TfoOnn27vlDNv-WtMudUSRcxVqRioLm0OjUaJdMWkikjUhsHsNmsaD9MN_j2hevZp0nTlM9sgc3d-uftTrLI_8l9AE_7ZtwDfGBHla468328I8lYRAO434hL_wSE5xxnVgQgVwRp5QtXW8rTk5pnXDIa0yjZ-v9rPYENVMT8YDzZfwg3qD-OqPNBt2F9OT9zjxCzLfXjWjkIfL1qbfwL5UxRTA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cerebrovascular+Disease+in+Patients+with+COVID-19%3A+A+Review+of+the+Literature+and+Case+Series&rft.jtitle=Case+reports+in+neurology&rft.au=Reddy%2C+Sujan%C2%A0T.&rft.au=Garg%2C+Tanu&rft.au=Shah%2C+Chintan&rft.au=Nascimento%2C+F%C3%A1bio%C2%A0A.&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.issn=1662-680X&rft.eissn=1662-680X&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.epage=209&rft_id=info:doi/10.1159%2F000508958&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1159_000508958 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1662-680X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1662-680X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1662-680X&client=summon |