The Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, and Physiology of Human Steroidogenesis and Its Disorders

• Published in: Endocrine reviews Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 81 - 151
• Main Authors: Miller, Walter L., Auchus, Richard J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD Oxford University Press 01.02.2011; Copyright by The Endocrine Society; Endocrine Society
• Subjects: Adrenal Glands - enzymology; Aldo-keto reductase; Aldosterone; Animals; Biochemistry; Biological activity; Biological and medical sciences; Biological effects; Catalytic converters; Cellular structure; Chemical synthesis; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - metabolism; Cofactors; Cytochrome; Cytochrome P450; Cytochromes P450; Dehydrogenase; Dehydrogenases; Disorders; Electron Transport; Endoplasmic reticulum; Enzymes; Female; Fertility; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gonads; Gonads - enzymology; Homeostasis; Hormones; Humans; Hydroxysteroids; Hypertension; Male; Mice; Mitochondria; Mitochondria - enzymology; Molecular biology; Mutation; Phenotypes; Phosphoproteins - metabolism; Physiology; Pregnenolone; Pregnenolone - biosynthesis; Protein biosynthesis; Protein transport; Proteins; Rats; Reductases; Regulatory mechanisms (biology); Reviews; Sex differentiation; Sex hormones; Steroid hormones; Steroidogenesis; Steroids; Steroids - biosynthesis; Vertebrates: endocrinology; Human; Steroidogenesis; Review; Molecular biology

Steroidogenesis, the processes by which cholesterol is converted to steroid hormones, involves transport proteins, enzymes, redox partners and cofactors. Most steroidogenic enzymes are either forms of cytochrome P450 or are hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. The P450s may be either Type 1, in mitochondr...