Epigenetic transcriptional silencing and 5-azacytidine-mediated reactivation of a complex transgene in rice
Despite a growing number of reports indicating non-Mendelian inheritance of transgene expression in monocots, no detailed description of the structure and stability of the transgene exists for transformants generated by direct DNA-transfer techniques, making the cause for these observations difficul...
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Published in | Plant physiology (Bethesda) Vol. 115; no. 2; pp. 361 - 373 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Rockville, MD
American Society of Plant Physiologists
01.10.1997
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Abstract | Despite a growing number of reports indicating non-Mendelian inheritance of transgene expression in monocots, no detailed description of the structure and stability of the transgene exists for transformants generated by direct DNA-transfer techniques, making the cause for these observations difficult to determine. In this paper we describe the complex organization of Btt cryIIIA and bar transgenes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) that displayed aberrant segregation in R1 progeny. Silencing rather than rearrangement of the bar gene was implicated because the herbicide-sensitive R1 plants had a DNA hybridization profile identical to that of the resistant R0 parent and R1 siblings. Genomic DNA analysis revealed substantial methylation of the Ubi1/bar sequences in silenced plants and, to a lesser degree, in herbicide-resistant plants, suggesting that the transgene locus was potentiated for silencing. Nuclease protection and nuclear run-on assays confirmed that silencing was due to transcriptional inactivation. Treatment of R2 progeny of silenced plants with 5-azacytidine resulted in demethylation of the Ubi1 promoter and reactivation of bar gene expression, demonstrating a functional relationship for methylation in gene silencing. These findings indicate that methylation-based silencing may be frequent in cereals transformed by direct DNA protocols that insert multiple, often rearranged sequences |
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AbstractList | Abstract
Despite a growing number of reports indicating non-Mendelian inheritance of transgene expression in monocots, no detailed description of the structure and stability of the transgene exists for transformants generated by direct DNA-transfer techniques, making the cause for these observations difficult to determine. In this paper we describe the complex organization of Btt cryIIIA and bar transgenes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) that displayed aberrant segregation in R1 progeny. Silencing rather than rearrangement of the bar gene was implicated because the herbicide-sensitive R1 plants had a DNA hybridization profile identical to that of the resistant R0 parent and R1 siblings. Genomic DNA analysis revealed substantial methylation of the Ubi1/bar sequences in silenced plants and, to a lesser degree, in herbicide-resistant plants, suggesting that the transgene locus was potentiated for silencing. Nuclease protection and nuclear run-on assays confirmed that silencing was due to transcriptional inactivation. Treatment of R2 progeny of silenced plants with 5-azacytidine resulted in demethylation of the Ubi1 promoter and reactivation of bar gene expression, demonstrating a functional relationship for methylation in gene silencing. These findings indicate that methylation-based silencing may be frequent in cereals transformed by direct DNA protocols that insert multiple, often rearranged sequences. Despite a growing number of reports indicating non-Mendelian inheritance of transgene expression in monocots, no detailed description of the structure and stability of the transgene exists for transformants generated by direct DNA-transfer techniques, making the cause for these observations difficult to determine. In this paper we describe the complex organization of Btt cryIIIA and bar transgenes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) that displayed aberrant segregation in R1 progeny. Silencing rather than rearrangement of the bar gene was implicated because the herbicide-sensitive R1 plants had a DNA hybridization profile identical to that of the resistant R0 parent and R1 siblings. Genomic DNA analysis revealed substantial methylation of the Ubi1/bar sequences in silenced plants and, to a lesser degree, in herbicide-resistant plants, suggesting that the transgene locus was potentiated for silencing. Nuclease protection and nuclear run-on assays confirmed that silencing was due to transcriptional inactivation. Treatment of R2 progeny of silenced plants with 5-azacytidine resulted in demethylation of the Ubi1 promoter and reactivation of bar gene expression, demonstrating a functional relationship for methylation in gene silencing. These findings indicate that methylation-based silencing may be frequent in cereals transformed by direct DNA protocols that insert multiple, often rearranged sequences. Despite a growing number of reports indicating non-Mendelian inheritance of transgene expression in monocots, no detailed description of the structure and stability of the transgene exists for transformants generated by direct DNA-transfer techniques, making the cause for these observations difficult to determine. In this paper we describe the complex organization of Btt cryIIIA and bar transgenes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) that displayed aberrant segregation in R sub(1) progeny. Silencing rather than rearrangement of the bar gene was implicated because the herbicide-sensitive R sub(1) plants had a DNA hybridization profile identical to that of the resistant R sub(0) parent and R sub(1) siblings. Genomic DNA analysis revealed substantial methylation of the Ubi1 /bar sequences in silenced plants and, to a lesser degree, in herbicide-resistant plants, suggesting that the transgene locus was potentiated for silencing. Nuclease protection and nuclear run-on assays confirmed that silencing was due to transcriptional inactivation. Treatment of R sub(2) progeny of silenced plants with 5-azacytidine resulted in demethylation of the Ubi1 promoter and reactivation of bar gene expression, demonstrating a functional relationship for methylation in gene silencing. These findings indicate that methylation-based silencing may be frequent in cereals transformed by direct DNA protocols that insert multiple, often rearranged sequences. Despite a growing number of reports indicating non-Mendelian inheritance of transgene expression in monocots, no detailed description of the structure and stability of the transgene exists for transformants generated by direct DNA-transfer techniques, making the cause for these observations difficult to determine. In this paper we describe the complex organization of Btt cryIIIA and bar transgenes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) that displayed aberrant segregation in R1 progeny. Silencing rather than rearrangement of the bar gene was implicated because the herbicide-sensitive R1 plants had a DNA hybridization profile identical to that of the resistant R0 parent and R1 siblings. Genomic DNA analysis revealed substantial methylation of the Ubi1/bar sequences in silenced plants and, to a lesser degree, in herbicide-resistant plants, suggesting that the transgene locus was potentiated for silencing. Nuclease protection and nuclear run-on assays confirmed that silencing was due to transcriptional inactivation. Treatment of R2 progeny of silenced plants with 5-azacytidine resulted in demethylation of the Ubi1 promoter and reactivation of bar gene expression, demonstrating a functional relationship for methylation in gene silencing. These findings indicate that methylation-based silencing may be frequent in cereals transformed by direct DNA protocols that insert multiple, often rearranged sequences |
Author | Kumpatla, S.P Teng, W Buchholz, W.G Hall, T.C |
AuthorAffiliation | Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-3155, USA |
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Keywords | Monocotyledones Reactivation Genetic inheritance Gene expression Cereal crop Oryza sativa Gene silencing Regulation(control) Gramineae Azacitidine Angiospermae Epigenetics Spermatophyta Transgenic plant Methylation |
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Snippet | Despite a growing number of reports indicating non-Mendelian inheritance of transgene expression in monocots, no detailed description of the structure and... Abstract Despite a growing number of reports indicating non-Mendelian inheritance of transgene expression in monocots, no detailed description of the structure... |
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SubjectTerms | ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE ADN ANTIBIOTICOS ANTIBIOTICS ANTIBIOTIQUE Azacitidine - pharmacology Bacterial Proteins - genetics Bacterial Toxins BILANAFOS Biological and medical sciences BTT CRYIIIA TRANSGENES CARTE GENETIQUE CITIDINA Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids CODE GENETIQUE CODIGO GENETICO CYTIDINE Cytosine - metabolism DERIVATIVES DNA DNA METHYLATION DNA probes Drug Resistance - genetics Endotoxins - genetics ENZYME INHIBITORS ENZYMIC ACTIVITY EXPRESION GENICA EXPRESSION DES GENES Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GENE EXPRESSION Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - drug effects Gene Rearrangement Gene Regulation and Molecular Genetics Gene silencing GENE TRANSFER GENETIC CODE GENETIC INHERITANCE GENETIC MAPS Genetic Markers Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution Genomics Hemolysin Proteins HERBICIDAS HERBICIDE HERBICIDES Herbicides - pharmacology HEREDITE HERENCIA GENETICA INHIBICION INHIBIDORES DE ENZIMAS INHIBITEUR D'ENZYME INHIBITION INSECTICIDAL PROPERTIES INSECTICIDAS INSECTICIDE INSECTICIDES LOCI LOCUS MAPAS GENETICOS Methylation Models, Genetic NUCLEASAS NUCLEASE NUCLEASES Organophosphorus Compounds - pharmacology Oryza - genetics ORYZA SATIVA PLANT PROTEINS PLANTAS TRANSGENICAS PLANTE TRANSGENIQUE Plants Plants, Genetically Modified Promoter regions PROMOTERS PROTEINAS PROTEINE PROTEINS Pteridophyta, spermatophyta RESISTANCE AUX PRODUITS CHIMIQUES RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS RESISTENCIA A PRODUCTOS QUIMICOS Rice SEGREGACION SEGREGATION TRANSCRIPCION TRANSCRIPTION Transcription, Genetic TRANSFERENCIA DE GENES TRANSFERT DE GENE Transformation, Genetic Transgenes TRANSGENIC PLANTS Vegetals |
Title | Epigenetic transcriptional silencing and 5-azacytidine-mediated reactivation of a complex transgene in rice |
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