Comparative acceptability of saliva-based self-testing versus blood-based self-testing for HIV screening among key populations in Kisangani
HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing-the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva self-tests among key populations in Kisangani. This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Our sample size was 363 subjects. After obtai...
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| Published in | BMC infectious diseases Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 1082 - 12 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
BioMed Central Ltd
30.09.2024
BioMed Central BMC |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1471-2334 1471-2334 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12879-024-09942-5 |
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| Abstract | HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing-the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva self-tests among key populations in Kisangani.
This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Our sample size was 363 subjects. After obtaining their consent, we administered a questionnaire to participants. We asked participants to choose between blood and saliva self-testing. We defined the acceptability of the self-test (saliva or blood) as the intention to use the self-test using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were described by estimating proportions for categorical variables and means with standard deviations for symmetrically distributed quantitative variables. The variable of interest was the acceptability of self-testing, which was dichotomized (Very Likely/Unlikely). The corresponding endpoint was the proportion of participants accepting the self-test in HIV screening. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to the acceptability of the self-test, using Pearson's Chi-square (χ2) and ANOVA followed by 2-to-2 multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) for comparison of means and proportions. A progressive stepwise logistic regression model at the 5% threshold included variables with a bi-variate association.
The acceptability of the blood self-test was 71.6% compared to 28.4% for the saliva self-test. Factors associated with acceptability of the self-test were higher level of education aOR CI95%: 1.5(0.4-5.5) p = 0.006; non-use of condoms with casual partners aOR CI95%: 2.8(1.4-5) p = 0.003; knowledge of the type of self-test aOR CI95%:2.4(1.02-5.65) p = 0.043 and the obstacle to acceptability of the self-test was non-availability of the self-test aOR CI 95%: 18.9(6.5-54.9) p < 0.0001.
Our study showed that key populations in Kisangani preferred blood self-testing over saliva self-testing. Blood self-tests must be made available to key population groups, as this would improve access to testing for these populations, thus boosting the first UNAIDS target 95. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract Introduction HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing—the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva self-tests among key populations in Kisangani. Methods This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Our sample size was 363 subjects. After obtaining their consent, we administered a questionnaire to participants. We asked participants to choose between blood and saliva self-testing. We defined the acceptability of the self-test (saliva or blood) as the intention to use the self-test using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were described by estimating proportions for categorical variables and means with standard deviations for symmetrically distributed quantitative variables. The variable of interest was the acceptability of self-testing, which was dichotomized (Very Likely/Unlikely). The corresponding endpoint was the proportion of participants accepting the self-test in HIV screening. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to the acceptability of the self-test, using Pearson’s Chi-square (χ2) and ANOVA followed by 2-to-2 multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) for comparison of means and proportions. A progressive stepwise logistic regression model at the 5% threshold included variables with a bi-variate association. Results The acceptability of the blood self-test was 71.6% compared to 28.4% for the saliva self-test. Factors associated with acceptability of the self-test were higher level of education aOR CI95%: 1.5(0.4–5.5) p = 0.006; non-use of condoms with casual partners aOR CI95%: 2.8(1.4-5) p = 0.003; knowledge of the type of self-test aOR CI95%:2.4(1.02–5.65) p = 0.043 and the obstacle to acceptability of the self-test was non-availability of the self-test aOR CI 95%: 18.9(6.5–54.9) p < 0.0001. Conclusion Our study showed that key populations in Kisangani preferred blood self-testing over saliva self-testing. Blood self-tests must be made available to key population groups, as this would improve access to testing for these populations, thus boosting the first UNAIDS target 95. HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing-the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva self-tests among key populations in Kisangani.INTRODUCTIONHIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing-the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva self-tests among key populations in Kisangani.This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Our sample size was 363 subjects. After obtaining their consent, we administered a questionnaire to participants. We asked participants to choose between blood and saliva self-testing. We defined the acceptability of the self-test (saliva or blood) as the intention to use the self-test using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were described by estimating proportions for categorical variables and means with standard deviations for symmetrically distributed quantitative variables. The variable of interest was the acceptability of self-testing, which was dichotomized (Very Likely/Unlikely). The corresponding endpoint was the proportion of participants accepting the self-test in HIV screening. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to the acceptability of the self-test, using Pearson's Chi-square (χ2) and ANOVA followed by 2-to-2 multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) for comparison of means and proportions. A progressive stepwise logistic regression model at the 5% threshold included variables with a bi-variate association.METHODSThis study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Our sample size was 363 subjects. After obtaining their consent, we administered a questionnaire to participants. We asked participants to choose between blood and saliva self-testing. We defined the acceptability of the self-test (saliva or blood) as the intention to use the self-test using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were described by estimating proportions for categorical variables and means with standard deviations for symmetrically distributed quantitative variables. The variable of interest was the acceptability of self-testing, which was dichotomized (Very Likely/Unlikely). The corresponding endpoint was the proportion of participants accepting the self-test in HIV screening. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to the acceptability of the self-test, using Pearson's Chi-square (χ2) and ANOVA followed by 2-to-2 multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) for comparison of means and proportions. A progressive stepwise logistic regression model at the 5% threshold included variables with a bi-variate association.The acceptability of the blood self-test was 71.6% compared to 28.4% for the saliva self-test. Factors associated with acceptability of the self-test were higher level of education aOR CI95%: 1.5(0.4-5.5) p = 0.006; non-use of condoms with casual partners aOR CI95%: 2.8(1.4-5) p = 0.003; knowledge of the type of self-test aOR CI95%:2.4(1.02-5.65) p = 0.043 and the obstacle to acceptability of the self-test was non-availability of the self-test aOR CI 95%: 18.9(6.5-54.9) p < 0.0001.RESULTSThe acceptability of the blood self-test was 71.6% compared to 28.4% for the saliva self-test. Factors associated with acceptability of the self-test were higher level of education aOR CI95%: 1.5(0.4-5.5) p = 0.006; non-use of condoms with casual partners aOR CI95%: 2.8(1.4-5) p = 0.003; knowledge of the type of self-test aOR CI95%:2.4(1.02-5.65) p = 0.043 and the obstacle to acceptability of the self-test was non-availability of the self-test aOR CI 95%: 18.9(6.5-54.9) p < 0.0001.Our study showed that key populations in Kisangani preferred blood self-testing over saliva self-testing. Blood self-tests must be made available to key population groups, as this would improve access to testing for these populations, thus boosting the first UNAIDS target 95.CONCLUSIONOur study showed that key populations in Kisangani preferred blood self-testing over saliva self-testing. Blood self-tests must be made available to key population groups, as this would improve access to testing for these populations, thus boosting the first UNAIDS target 95. HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing--the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva self-tests among key populations in Kisangani. This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Our sample size was 363 subjects. After obtaining their consent, we administered a questionnaire to participants. We asked participants to choose between blood and saliva self-testing. We defined the acceptability of the self-test (saliva or blood) as the intention to use the self-test using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were described by estimating proportions for categorical variables and means with standard deviations for symmetrically distributed quantitative variables. The variable of interest was the acceptability of self-testing, which was dichotomized (Very Likely/Unlikely). The corresponding endpoint was the proportion of participants accepting the self-test in HIV screening. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to the acceptability of the self-test, using Pearson's Chi-square ([chl]2) and ANOVA followed by 2-to-2 multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) for comparison of means and proportions. A progressive stepwise logistic regression model at the 5% threshold included variables with a bi-variate association. The acceptability of the blood self-test was 71.6% compared to 28.4% for the saliva self-test. Factors associated with acceptability of the self-test were higher level of education aOR CI95%: 1.5(0.4-5.5) p = 0.006; non-use of condoms with casual partners aOR CI95%: 2.8(1.4-5) p = 0.003; knowledge of the type of self-test aOR CI95%:2.4(1.02-5.65) p = 0.043 and the obstacle to acceptability of the self-test was non-availability of the self-test aOR CI 95%: 18.9(6.5-54.9) p < 0.0001. Our study showed that key populations in Kisangani preferred blood self-testing over saliva self-testing. Blood self-tests must be made available to key population groups, as this would improve access to testing for these populations, thus boosting the first UNAIDS target 95. Introduction HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing--the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva self-tests among key populations in Kisangani. Methods This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Our sample size was 363 subjects. After obtaining their consent, we administered a questionnaire to participants. We asked participants to choose between blood and saliva self-testing. We defined the acceptability of the self-test (saliva or blood) as the intention to use the self-test using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were described by estimating proportions for categorical variables and means with standard deviations for symmetrically distributed quantitative variables. The variable of interest was the acceptability of self-testing, which was dichotomized (Very Likely/Unlikely). The corresponding endpoint was the proportion of participants accepting the self-test in HIV screening. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to the acceptability of the self-test, using Pearson's Chi-square ([chl]2) and ANOVA followed by 2-to-2 multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) for comparison of means and proportions. A progressive stepwise logistic regression model at the 5% threshold included variables with a bi-variate association. Results The acceptability of the blood self-test was 71.6% compared to 28.4% for the saliva self-test. Factors associated with acceptability of the self-test were higher level of education aOR CI95%: 1.5(0.4-5.5) p = 0.006; non-use of condoms with casual partners aOR CI95%: 2.8(1.4-5) p = 0.003; knowledge of the type of self-test aOR CI95%:2.4(1.02-5.65) p = 0.043 and the obstacle to acceptability of the self-test was non-availability of the self-test aOR CI 95%: 18.9(6.5-54.9) p < 0.0001. Conclusion Our study showed that key populations in Kisangani preferred blood self-testing over saliva self-testing. Blood self-tests must be made available to key population groups, as this would improve access to testing for these populations, thus boosting the first UNAIDS target 95. Keywords: Acceptability, Self-testing, HIV, Key populations, Kisangani IntroductionHIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing—the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva self-tests among key populations in Kisangani.MethodsThis study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Our sample size was 363 subjects. After obtaining their consent, we administered a questionnaire to participants. We asked participants to choose between blood and saliva self-testing. We defined the acceptability of the self-test (saliva or blood) as the intention to use the self-test using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were described by estimating proportions for categorical variables and means with standard deviations for symmetrically distributed quantitative variables. The variable of interest was the acceptability of self-testing, which was dichotomized (Very Likely/Unlikely). The corresponding endpoint was the proportion of participants accepting the self-test in HIV screening. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to the acceptability of the self-test, using Pearson’s Chi-square (χ2) and ANOVA followed by 2-to-2 multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) for comparison of means and proportions. A progressive stepwise logistic regression model at the 5% threshold included variables with a bi-variate association.ResultsThe acceptability of the blood self-test was 71.6% compared to 28.4% for the saliva self-test. Factors associated with acceptability of the self-test were higher level of education aOR CI95%: 1.5(0.4–5.5) p = 0.006; non-use of condoms with casual partners aOR CI95%: 2.8(1.4-5) p = 0.003; knowledge of the type of self-test aOR CI95%:2.4(1.02–5.65) p = 0.043 and the obstacle to acceptability of the self-test was non-availability of the self-test aOR CI 95%: 18.9(6.5–54.9) p < 0.0001.ConclusionOur study showed that key populations in Kisangani preferred blood self-testing over saliva self-testing. Blood self-tests must be made available to key population groups, as this would improve access to testing for these populations, thus boosting the first UNAIDS target 95. HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing-the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva self-tests among key populations in Kisangani. This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Our sample size was 363 subjects. After obtaining their consent, we administered a questionnaire to participants. We asked participants to choose between blood and saliva self-testing. We defined the acceptability of the self-test (saliva or blood) as the intention to use the self-test using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were described by estimating proportions for categorical variables and means with standard deviations for symmetrically distributed quantitative variables. The variable of interest was the acceptability of self-testing, which was dichotomized (Very Likely/Unlikely). The corresponding endpoint was the proportion of participants accepting the self-test in HIV screening. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to the acceptability of the self-test, using Pearson's Chi-square (χ2) and ANOVA followed by 2-to-2 multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) for comparison of means and proportions. A progressive stepwise logistic regression model at the 5% threshold included variables with a bi-variate association. The acceptability of the blood self-test was 71.6% compared to 28.4% for the saliva self-test. Factors associated with acceptability of the self-test were higher level of education aOR CI95%: 1.5(0.4-5.5) p = 0.006; non-use of condoms with casual partners aOR CI95%: 2.8(1.4-5) p = 0.003; knowledge of the type of self-test aOR CI95%:2.4(1.02-5.65) p = 0.043 and the obstacle to acceptability of the self-test was non-availability of the self-test aOR CI 95%: 18.9(6.5-54.9) p < 0.0001. Our study showed that key populations in Kisangani preferred blood self-testing over saliva self-testing. Blood self-tests must be made available to key population groups, as this would improve access to testing for these populations, thus boosting the first UNAIDS target 95. |
| ArticleNumber | 1082 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Falay, Sadiki Losimba, Likwela Batina, Agasa Tagoto, Tepungipame Tonen-Wolyec, Serge Panda, Lukongo |
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| References_xml | – volume: 19 start-page: 123 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: 9942_CR14 publication-title: BMC Public Health 29 janv doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6402-4 – ident: 9942_CR6 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001873 – ident: 9942_CR10 – ident: 9942_CR11 – ident: 9942_CR16 doi: 10.4000/books.pum.8825 – ident: 9942_CR12 – volume: 10 start-page: 911932 year: 2022 ident: 9942_CR13 publication-title: Front Public Health 9 Nov doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.911932 – ident: 9942_CR18 – ident: 9942_CR17 – ident: 9942_CR8 doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa554 – ident: 9942_CR19 – ident: 9942_CR9 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239607 – ident: 9942_CR15 – volume: 11 start-page: 101 year: 2017 ident: 9942_CR7 publication-title: Open AIDS J doi: 10.2174/1874613601711010101 – volume: 51 start-page: S129 issue: 5 year: 2021 ident: 9942_CR4 publication-title: Infect Dis Now 1 août – ident: 9942_CR22 – ident: 9942_CR2 – ident: 9942_CR23 – ident: 9942_CR3 – ident: 9942_CR20 – ident: 9942_CR21 – ident: 9942_CR1 – volume: 18 start-page: e0280540 issue: 3 year: 2023 ident: 9942_CR5 publication-title: PLoS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280540 |
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| Snippet | HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing-the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva... HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing--the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood versus saliva... Introduction HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing--the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood... IntroductionHIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing—the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of blood... Abstract Introduction HIV self-testing represents a convenient and confidential option for HIV testing—the present study aimed to assess the acceptability of... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acceptability Adolescent Adult Antibodies Availability Bivariate analysis Blood Chi-square test Condoms Consent Cross-Sectional Studies Disease prevention Drugs Evaluation Female HIV HIV Infections - diagnosis HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV testing HIV Testing - methods Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immunology Infections Key populations Kisangani Male Mass Screening - methods Medical examination Medical tests Methods Middle Aged Patient Acceptance of Health Care - statistics & numerical data Population Population studies Populations Prisoners Prisons Regression models Saliva Saliva - virology Salivary diagnostics Screening Self testing Sex industry Statistical analysis Statistical tests Surveys and Questionnaires Transgender persons Variance analysis Young Adult |
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| Title | Comparative acceptability of saliva-based self-testing versus blood-based self-testing for HIV screening among key populations in Kisangani |
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