From crystal structure to in silico epitope discovery in the Burkholderia pseudomallei flagellar hook‐associated protein FlgK

• Published in: The FEBS journal Vol. 282; no. 7; pp. 1319 - 1333
• Main Authors: Gourlay, Louise J, Thomas, Rachael J, Peri, Claudio, Conchillo‐Solé, Oscar, Ferrer‐Navarro, Mario, Nithichanon, Arnone, Vila, Jordi, Daura, Xavier, Lertmemongkolchai, Ganjana, Titball, Richard, Colombo, Giorgio, Bolognesi, Martino
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Published by Blackwell Pub. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies 01.04.2015; Blackwell Publishing Ltd
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; antibiotics; antibodies; Antibodies, Bacterial - blood; antigen; Antigens, Bacterial - chemistry; antiserum; Australia; bacterial motility; Bacterial Proteins - chemistry; Bacterial Proteins - immunology; Bacterial Proteins - physiology; Burkholderia pseudomallei; Burkholderia pseudomallei - immunology; Burkholderia pseudomallei; Cell Line; Computer Simulation; Crystal structure; Crystallography, X-Ray; cytotoxicity; engineering; epitope discovery; epitopes; Epitopes - chemistry; flagellar hook‐associated protein; flagellin; flagellum; Gram-negative bacteria; Humans; Immunoglobulins; macrophages; Macrophages - immunology; Macrophages - microbiology; melioidosis; Melioidosis - blood; Melioidosis - immunology; Melioidosis - microbiology; Mice; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; pathogenesis; patients; prediction; protein subunits; Proteins; seroprevalence; South East Asia; structural vaccinology; Vaccines; virulence; South East Asia; Australia; flagellar hook-associated protein; antigen; epitope discovery; structural vaccinology; Burkholderia pseudomallei
• ISSN: 1742-464X; 1742-4658; 1742-4658
• DOI: 10.1111/febs.13223

Melioidosis, caused by the Gram‐negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a potentially fatal infection that is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia that is poorly controlled by antibiotics. Research efforts to identify antigenic components for a melioidosis vaccine have led to the identification of several proteins, including subunits forming the flagella that mediate bacterial motility, host colonization, and virulence. This study focuses on the B. pseudomallei flagellar hook‐associated protein (FlgKBₚ), and provides the first insights into the 3D structure of FlgK proteins as targets for structure‐based antigen engineering. The FlgKBₚcrystal structure (presented here at 1.8‐Å resolution) reveals a multidomain fold, comprising two small β‐domains protruding from a large elongated α‐helical bundle core. The evident structural similarity to flagellin, the flagellar filament subunit protein, suggests that, depending on the bacterial species, flagellar hook‐associated proteins are likely to show a conserved, elongated α‐helical bundle scaffold coupled to a variable number of smaller domains. Furthermore, we present immune serum recognition data confirming, in agreement with previous findings, that recovered melioidosis patients produce elevated levels of antibodies against FlgKBₚ, in comparison with seronegative and seropositive healthy subjects. Moreover, we show that FlgKBₚhas cytotoxic effects on cultured murine macrophages, suggesting an important role in bacterial pathogenesis. Finally, computational epitope prediction methods applied to the FlgKBₚcrystal structure, coupled with in vitro mapping, allowed us to predict three antigenic regions that locate to discrete protein domains. Taken together, our results point to FlgKBₚas a candidate for the design and production of epitope‐containing subunits/domains as potential vaccine components.