Lead-Time Trajectory of CA19-9 as an Anchor Marker for Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection
There is substantial interest in liquid biopsy approaches for cancer early detection among subjects at risk, using multi-marker panels. CA19-9 is an established circulating biomarker for pancreatic cancer; however, its relevance for pancreatic cancer early detection or for monitoring subjects at ris...
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| Published in | Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943) Vol. 160; no. 4; pp. 1373 - 1383.e6 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Elsevier Inc
01.03.2021
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | There is substantial interest in liquid biopsy approaches for cancer early detection among subjects at risk, using multi-marker panels. CA19-9 is an established circulating biomarker for pancreatic cancer; however, its relevance for pancreatic cancer early detection or for monitoring subjects at risk has not been established.
CA19-9 levels were assessed in blinded sera from 175 subjects collected up to 5 years before diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and from 875 matched controls from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. For comparison of performance, CA19-9 was assayed in blinded independent sets of samples collected at diagnosis from 129 subjects with resectable pancreatic cancer and 275 controls (100 healthy subjects; 50 with chronic pancreatitis; and 125 with noncancerous pancreatic cysts). The complementary value of 2 additional protein markers, TIMP1 and LRG1, was determined.
In the PLCO cohort, levels of CA19-9 increased exponentially starting at 2 years before diagnosis with sensitivities reaching 60% at 99% specificity within 0 to 6 months before diagnosis for all cases and 50% at 99% specificity for cases diagnosed with early-stage disease. Performance was comparable for distinguishing newly diagnosed cases with resectable pancreatic cancer from healthy controls (64% sensitivity at 99% specificity). Comparison of resectable pancreatic cancer cases to subjects with chronic pancreatitis yielded 46% sensitivity at 99% specificity and for subjects with noncancerous cysts, 30% sensitivity at 99% specificity. For prediagnostic cases below cutoff value for CA19-9, the combination with LRG1 and TIMP1 yielded an increment of 13.2% in sensitivity at 99% specificity (P = .031) in identifying cases diagnosed within 1 year of blood collection.
CA19-9 can serve as an anchor marker for pancreatic cancer early detection applications. |
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| AbstractList | There is substantial interest in liquid biopsy approaches for cancer early detection among subjects at risk, using multi-marker panels. CA19-9 is an established circulating biomarker for pancreatic cancer; however, its relevance for pancreatic cancer early detection or for monitoring subjects at risk has not been established.
CA19-9 levels were assessed in blinded sera from 175 subjects collected up to 5 years before diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and from 875 matched controls from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. For comparison of performance, CA19-9 was assayed in blinded independent sets of samples collected at diagnosis from 129 subjects with resectable pancreatic cancer and 275 controls (100 healthy subjects; 50 with chronic pancreatitis; and 125 with noncancerous pancreatic cysts). The complementary value of 2 additional protein markers, TIMP1 and LRG1, was determined.
In the PLCO cohort, levels of CA19-9 increased exponentially starting at 2 years before diagnosis with sensitivities reaching 60% at 99% specificity within 0 to 6 months before diagnosis for all cases and 50% at 99% specificity for cases diagnosed with early-stage disease. Performance was comparable for distinguishing newly diagnosed cases with resectable pancreatic cancer from healthy controls (64% sensitivity at 99% specificity). Comparison of resectable pancreatic cancer cases to subjects with chronic pancreatitis yielded 46% sensitivity at 99% specificity and for subjects with noncancerous cysts, 30% sensitivity at 99% specificity. For prediagnostic cases below cutoff value for CA19-9, the combination with LRG1 and TIMP1 yielded an increment of 13.2% in sensitivity at 99% specificity (P = .031) in identifying cases diagnosed within 1 year of blood collection.
CA19-9 can serve as an anchor marker for pancreatic cancer early detection applications. There is substantial interest in liquid biopsy approaches for cancer early detection among subjects at risk, using multi-marker panels. CA19-9 is an established circulating biomarker for pancreatic cancer; however, its relevance for pancreatic cancer early detection or for monitoring subjects at risk has not been established.BACKGROUND & AIMSThere is substantial interest in liquid biopsy approaches for cancer early detection among subjects at risk, using multi-marker panels. CA19-9 is an established circulating biomarker for pancreatic cancer; however, its relevance for pancreatic cancer early detection or for monitoring subjects at risk has not been established.CA19-9 levels were assessed in blinded sera from 175 subjects collected up to 5 years before diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and from 875 matched controls from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. For comparison of performance, CA19-9 was assayed in blinded independent sets of samples collected at diagnosis from 129 subjects with resectable pancreatic cancer and 275 controls (100 healthy subjects; 50 with chronic pancreatitis; and 125 with noncancerous pancreatic cysts). The complementary value of 2 additional protein markers, TIMP1 and LRG1, was determined.METHODSCA19-9 levels were assessed in blinded sera from 175 subjects collected up to 5 years before diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and from 875 matched controls from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. For comparison of performance, CA19-9 was assayed in blinded independent sets of samples collected at diagnosis from 129 subjects with resectable pancreatic cancer and 275 controls (100 healthy subjects; 50 with chronic pancreatitis; and 125 with noncancerous pancreatic cysts). The complementary value of 2 additional protein markers, TIMP1 and LRG1, was determined.In the PLCO cohort, levels of CA19-9 increased exponentially starting at 2 years before diagnosis with sensitivities reaching 60% at 99% specificity within 0 to 6 months before diagnosis for all cases and 50% at 99% specificity for cases diagnosed with early-stage disease. Performance was comparable for distinguishing newly diagnosed cases with resectable pancreatic cancer from healthy controls (64% sensitivity at 99% specificity). Comparison of resectable pancreatic cancer cases to subjects with chronic pancreatitis yielded 46% sensitivity at 99% specificity and for subjects with noncancerous cysts, 30% sensitivity at 99% specificity. For prediagnostic cases below cutoff value for CA19-9, the combination with LRG1 and TIMP1 yielded an increment of 13.2% in sensitivity at 99% specificity (P = .031) in identifying cases diagnosed within 1 year of blood collection.RESULTSIn the PLCO cohort, levels of CA19-9 increased exponentially starting at 2 years before diagnosis with sensitivities reaching 60% at 99% specificity within 0 to 6 months before diagnosis for all cases and 50% at 99% specificity for cases diagnosed with early-stage disease. Performance was comparable for distinguishing newly diagnosed cases with resectable pancreatic cancer from healthy controls (64% sensitivity at 99% specificity). Comparison of resectable pancreatic cancer cases to subjects with chronic pancreatitis yielded 46% sensitivity at 99% specificity and for subjects with noncancerous cysts, 30% sensitivity at 99% specificity. For prediagnostic cases below cutoff value for CA19-9, the combination with LRG1 and TIMP1 yielded an increment of 13.2% in sensitivity at 99% specificity (P = .031) in identifying cases diagnosed within 1 year of blood collection.CA19-9 can serve as an anchor marker for pancreatic cancer early detection applications.CONCLUSIONCA19-9 can serve as an anchor marker for pancreatic cancer early detection applications. CA19-9 can serve as an anchor marker for pancreatic cancer early detection. Inclusion of additional markers such as LRG1 and TIMP1 may have value for identifying cases missed by CA19-9 alone. |
| Author | Lee, Linda S. Vykoukal, Jody Babic, Ana Kluger, Michael D. Brais, Lauren Dennison, Jennifer B. Genkinger, Jeanine Jajoo, Kunal Hanash, Samir Maitra, Anirban Bullock, Andrea Fahrmann, Johannes F. Ng, Kimmie Wolpin, Brian M. Loftus, Maureen Irajizad, Ehsan Kastrinos, Fay Yip-Schneider, Michele T. Schmidt, C. Max Chabot, John A. Do, Kim-Anh Long, James P. Patel, Nikul Mao, Xiangying Zhang, Jianjun Clancy, Thomas E. Zhang, Jinming |
| AuthorAffiliation | 9 Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 2 Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 5 Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 1 Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 7 Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, New York, New York 3 Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 6 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Cancer and the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York – name: 9 Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – name: 3 Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – name: 8 Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – name: 1 Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – name: 2 Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana – name: 6 Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Cancer and the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – name: 10 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – name: 7 Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, New York, New York – name: 4 Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Johannes F. surname: Fahrmann fullname: Fahrmann, Johannes F. organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 2 givenname: C. Max surname: Schmidt fullname: Schmidt, C. Max organization: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana – sequence: 3 givenname: Xiangying surname: Mao fullname: Mao, Xiangying organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 4 givenname: Ehsan surname: Irajizad fullname: Irajizad, Ehsan organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 5 givenname: Maureen surname: Loftus fullname: Loftus, Maureen organization: Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 6 givenname: Jinming surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jinming organization: Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 7 givenname: Nikul surname: Patel fullname: Patel, Nikul organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 8 givenname: Jody surname: Vykoukal fullname: Vykoukal, Jody organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 9 givenname: Jennifer B. surname: Dennison fullname: Dennison, Jennifer B. organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 10 givenname: James P. surname: Long fullname: Long, James P. organization: Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 11 givenname: Kim-Anh surname: Do fullname: Do, Kim-Anh organization: Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 12 givenname: Jianjun surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jianjun organization: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana – sequence: 13 givenname: John A. surname: Chabot fullname: Chabot, John A. organization: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York – sequence: 14 givenname: Michael D. surname: Kluger fullname: Kluger, Michael D. organization: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York – sequence: 15 givenname: Fay surname: Kastrinos fullname: Kastrinos, Fay organization: Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Cancer and the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 16 givenname: Lauren surname: Brais fullname: Brais, Lauren organization: Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 17 givenname: Ana surname: Babic fullname: Babic, Ana organization: Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 18 givenname: Kunal surname: Jajoo fullname: Jajoo, Kunal organization: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 19 givenname: Linda S. surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Linda S. organization: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 20 givenname: Thomas E. surname: Clancy fullname: Clancy, Thomas E. organization: Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 21 givenname: Kimmie surname: Ng fullname: Ng, Kimmie organization: Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 22 givenname: Andrea surname: Bullock fullname: Bullock, Andrea organization: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 23 givenname: Jeanine surname: Genkinger fullname: Genkinger, Jeanine organization: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York – sequence: 24 givenname: Michele T. surname: Yip-Schneider fullname: Yip-Schneider, Michele T. organization: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana – sequence: 25 givenname: Anirban surname: Maitra fullname: Maitra, Anirban organization: Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Cancer and the Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas – sequence: 26 givenname: Brian M. surname: Wolpin fullname: Wolpin, Brian M. organization: Dana-Farber Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts – sequence: 27 givenname: Samir surname: Hanash fullname: Hanash, Samir email: shanash@mdanderson.org organization: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33333055$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| IngestDate | Thu Aug 21 18:35:59 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 05:16:27 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:54:54 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:44:02 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:52:20 EDT 2025 Sat Jul 20 16:35:19 EDT 2024 Tue Aug 26 16:58:27 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | Biomarker CI Lung ROC IPMN Pancreatic Cancer CP PLCO AUC PDAC CUMC Detection DFCI/BWH ELISA |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2021 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 J.G.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support, obtaining funding B.M.W.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support, obtaining funding J.Z.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support T.E.C- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support L.S.L.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support K.N.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support C.M.S- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; obtaining funding; material support K.D- statistical analysis, analysis and interpretation of data E.I.- statistical analysis, analysis and interpretation of data A.M.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support, obtaining funding M.D.K.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support F.K.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support X.M.- statistical analysis, analysis and interpretation of data J.V.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content J.F.F- study concept and design; acquisition of data; analysis and interpretation of data; drafting of the manuscript Author Contributions A.B.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support J.B.D- acquisition of data, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, administrative support N.P.- acquisition of data J.P.L- statistical analysis, analysis and interpretation of data J.A.C- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support M.T.Y.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support, obtaining funding L.B.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support J.Z.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support; administrative support S.H.- study concept and design, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support, obtaining funding, study supervision M.L.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support; administrative support K.J.- critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; material support |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8783758 |
| PMID | 33333055 |
| PQID | 2471466037 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
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| PublicationDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| PublicationPlace | United States |
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| PublicationTitle | Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Gastroenterology |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Inc |
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| Snippet | There is substantial interest in liquid biopsy approaches for cancer early detection among subjects at risk, using multi-marker panels. CA19-9 is an... CA19-9 can serve as an anchor marker for pancreatic cancer early detection. Inclusion of additional markers such as LRG1 and TIMP1 may have value for... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Biomarker CA-19-9 Antigen - blood Detection Diagnosis, Differential Early Detection of Cancer - methods Feasibility Studies Female Healthy Volunteers Humans Liquid Biopsy - methods Male Mass Screening - methods Middle Aged Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic Cyst - blood Pancreatic Cyst - diagnosis Pancreatic Neoplasms - blood Pancreatic Neoplasms - diagnosis Pancreatitis, Chronic - blood Pancreatitis, Chronic - diagnosis Sensitivity and Specificity United States |
| Title | Lead-Time Trajectory of CA19-9 as an Anchor Marker for Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection |
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