Protein-bound Uremic Toxins, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Cross-sectional Study in Stage 3–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

• Published in: Archives of medical research Vol. 45; no. 4; pp. 309 - 317
• Main Authors: Rossi, Megan, Campbell, Katrina L., Johnson, David W., Stanton, Tony, Vesey, David A., Coombes, Jeff S., Weston, Kassia S., Hawley, Carmel M., McWhinney, Brett C., Ungerer, Jacobus P.J., Isbel, Nicole
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2014
• Subjects: Aged; Antioxidants - metabolism; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Proteins - immunology; Blood Proteins - metabolism; Cardiovascular Diseases - immunology; Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism; Cresols - immunology; Cresols - metabolism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Indican - immunology; Indican - metabolism; Indoxyl sulfate; Inflammation; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation - metabolism; Interleukin-6; Internal Medicine; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - immunology; P-cresyl sulfate; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - immunology; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - metabolism; Risk Reduction Behavior; Sulfuric Acid Esters - immunology; Sulfuric Acid Esters - metabolism; Toxins, Biological - immunology; Toxins, Biological - metabolism; Uremia - immunology; Uremia - metabolism; Uremic toxins; Vascular Stiffness - immunology; Oxidative stress; Uremic toxins; Inflammation; P-cresyl sulfate; Indoxyl sulfate

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) are nephro- and cardiovascular toxins, produced solely by the gut microbiota, which have pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative properties in vitro. We undertook this study to investigate the associations between IS and PCS and both inflammation and oxidat...