Islands in the stream: from individual to communal fiber degradation in the rumen ecosystem

The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting...

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Published inFEMS microbiology reviews Vol. 43; no. 4; pp. 362 - 379
Main Authors Moraïs, Sarah, Mizrahi, Itzhak
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Oxford University Press 01.07.2019
Subjects
Anaerobic microorganisms
Anaerobiosis
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Animals
Biodegradation
Community structure
Dietary Fiber - metabolism
Ecology
Ecosystem
Ecosystems
Environmental impact
Enzymes
Fiber in human nutrition
Herbivores
Hydrolases
Microorganisms
Observations
Physiological aspects
Review
Rumen
Rumen - microbiology
Ruminants - metabolism
Ruminants - microbiology
Vegetable fibers
Israel
microbial interaction
fiber colonization
glycoside hydrolase
microbial ecosystem
microbiome
plant biomass
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1574-6976
0168-6445
1574-6976
DOI10.1093/femsre/fuz007

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Abstract The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen. Since most of the ingested feed is comprised of plant fiber, these fiber-degrading microorganisms are of cardinal importance to the ecology of the rumen microbial community and to the hosting animal, and have a great impact on our environment and food sustainability. We summarize herein the enzymological fundamentals of fiber degradation, how the genes encoding these enzymes are spread across fiber-degrading microbes, and these microbes' interactions with other members of the rumen microbial community and potential effect on community structure. An understanding of these concepts has applied value for agriculture and our environment, and will also contribute to a better understanding of microbial ecology and evolution in anaerobic ecosystems.
AbstractList The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen. Since most of the ingested feed is comprised of plant fiber, these fiber-degrading microorganisms are of cardinal importance to the ecology of the rumen microbial community and to the hosting animal, and have a great impact on our environment and food sustainability. We summarize herein the enzymological fundamentals of fiber degradation, how the genes encoding these enzymes are spread across fiber-degrading microbes, and these microbes' interactions with other members of the rumen microbial community and potential effect on community structure. An understanding of these concepts has applied value for agriculture and our environment, and will also contribute to a better understanding of microbial ecology and evolution in anaerobic ecosystems.
The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen. Since most of the ingested feed is comprised of plant fiber, these fiber-degrading microorganisms are of cardinal importance to the ecology of the rumen microbial community and to the hosting animal, and have a great impact on our environment and food sustainability. We summarize herein the enzymological fundamentals of fiber degradation, how the genes encoding these enzymes are spread across fiber-degrading microbes, and these microbes' interactions with other members of the rumen microbial community and potential effect on community structure. An understanding of these concepts has applied value for agriculture and our environment, and will also contribute to a better understanding of microbial ecology and evolution in anaerobic ecosystems. Here we piece together a fiber degradation centric view of the rumen ecosystem by describing genomic, enzymatic, ecological and communal aspects of this key process. These aspects provide an overview and understanding of this intriguing nature's phenomenon, the obligatory dependence of ruminants on their microbes for the degradation and digestion of plants they ingest.
The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen. Since most of the ingested feed is comprised of plant fiber, these fiber-degrading microorganisms are of cardinal importance to the ecology of the rumen microbial community and to the hosting animal, and have a great impact on our environment and food sustainability. We summarize herein the enzymological fundamentals of fiber degradation, how the genes encoding these enzymes are spread across fiber-degrading microbes, and these microbes' interactions with other members of the rumen microbial community and potential effect on community structure. An understanding of these concepts has applied value for agriculture and our environment, and will also contribute to a better understanding of microbial ecology and evolution in anaerobic ecosystems.The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen. Since most of the ingested feed is comprised of plant fiber, these fiber-degrading microorganisms are of cardinal importance to the ecology of the rumen microbial community and to the hosting animal, and have a great impact on our environment and food sustainability. We summarize herein the enzymological fundamentals of fiber degradation, how the genes encoding these enzymes are spread across fiber-degrading microbes, and these microbes' interactions with other members of the rumen microbial community and potential effect on community structure. An understanding of these concepts has applied value for agriculture and our environment, and will also contribute to a better understanding of microbial ecology and evolution in anaerobic ecosystems.
The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen. Since most of the ingested feed is comprised of plant fiber, these fiber-degrading microorganisms are of cardinal importance to the ecology of the rumen microbial community and to the hosting animal, and have a great impact on our environment and food sustainability. We summarize herein the enzymological fundamentals of fiber degradation, how the genes encoding these enzymes are spread across fiber-degrading microbes, and these microbes' interactions with other members of the rumen microbial community and potential effect on community structure. An understanding of these concepts has applied value for agriculture and our environment, and will also contribute to a better understanding of microbial ecology and evolution in anaerobic ecosystems. Keywords: glycoside hydrolase; microbial interaction; microbial ecosystem; plant biomass; fiber colonization; microbiome
Audience Academic
Author Moraïs, Sarah
Mizrahi, Itzhak
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  organization: Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sderot Ben Gurion 1, Beer-Sheva 8499000, Israel
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  givenname: Itzhak
  surname: Mizrahi
  fullname: Mizrahi, Itzhak
  organization: Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sderot Ben Gurion 1, Beer-Sheva 8499000, Israel
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31050730$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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IsDoiOpenAccess true
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Issue 4
Keywords microbial interaction
fiber colonization
glycoside hydrolase
microbial ecosystem
microbiome
plant biomass
Language English
License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FEMS 2019.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
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Snippet The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling...
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SubjectTerms Anaerobic microorganisms
Anaerobiosis
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Animals
Biodegradation
Community structure
Dietary Fiber - metabolism
Ecology
Ecosystem
Ecosystems
Environmental impact
Enzymes
Fiber in human nutrition
Herbivores
Hydrolases
Microorganisms
Observations
Physiological aspects
Review
Rumen
Rumen - microbiology
Ruminants - metabolism
Ruminants - microbiology
Vegetable fibers
Title Islands in the stream: from individual to communal fiber degradation in the rumen ecosystem
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31050730
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2400000435
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2229233823
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6606855
Volume 43
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