Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions

• Published in: Endocrine reviews Vol. 40; no. 4; pp. 1109 - 1151
• Main Authors: Bouillon, Roger, Marcocci, Claudio, Carmeliet, Geert, Bikle, Daniel, White, John H, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, Lips, Paul, Munns, Craig F, Lazaretti-Castro, Marise, Giustina, Andrea, Bilezikian, John
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC Endocrine Society 01.08.2019; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Alfacalcidol; Animals; Biomedical materials; Bone and Bones - metabolism; Bone and Bones - physiology; Bone growth; Bone loss; Bone turnover; Calcifediol; Calciferol; Calcium; Calcium (blood); Calcium - metabolism; Calcium homeostasis; Calcium phosphates; Calcium transport; Cell proliferation; Clinical trials; Complications and side effects; Diseases; Endocrine system; Etiology; Female; Fractures; Geriatrics; Growth plate; Health aspects; Homeostasis; Humans; Intestine; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Metabolism; Metabolites; Muscles; Musculoskeletal system; Nutrient deficiency; Osteomalacia; Osteomalacia - drug therapy; Osteomalacia - prevention & control; Osteoporosis; Randomization; Reviews; Rickets; Rickets - drug therapy; Rickets - prevention & control; Risk assessment; Signal Transduction; Supplements; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - metabolism; Vitamin D - physiology; Vitamin D - therapeutic use; Vitamin D deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency - drug therapy; Vitamin D Deficiency - prevention & control; Vitamin D receptors; Vitamin deficiency; Belgium

Abstract The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1,25(OH)2D, the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The effects of the vitamin D endocrine system on bone and its growth plate are primarily...