Analysis of the Doublesex female protein in Drosophila melanogaster: role in sexual differentiation and behavior and dependence on intersex
doublesex (dsx) is unusual among the known sex-determination genes of Drosophila melanogaster in that functional homologs are found in distantly related species. In flies, dsx occupies a position near the bottom of the sex determination hierarchy. It is expressed in male- and female-specific forms a...
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Published in | Genetics (Austin) Vol. 152; no. 4; pp. 1653 - 1667 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Genetics Soc America
01.08.1999
Genetics Society of America |
Subjects | |
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Abstract | doublesex (dsx) is unusual among the known sex-determination genes of Drosophila melanogaster in that functional homologs are found in distantly related species. In flies, dsx occupies a position near the bottom of the sex determination hierarchy. It is expressed in male- and female-specific forms and these proteins function as sex-specific transcription factors. In the studies reported here, we have ectopically expressed the female Dsx protein (Dsx(F)) from a constitutive promoter and examined its regulatory activities independent of other upstream factors involved in female sex determination. We show that it functions as a positive regulator of female differentiation and a negative regulator of male differentiation. As predicted by the DNA-binding properties of the Dsx protein, Dsx(F) and Dsx(M) compete with each other for the regulation of target genes. In addition to directing sex-specific differentiation, Dsx(F) plays an important role in sexual behavior. Wild-type males ectopically expressing Dsx(F) are actively courted by other males. This acquisition of feminine sex appeal is likely due to the induction of female pheromones by Dsx(F). More extreme behavioral abnormalities are observed when Dsx(F) is ectopically expressed in dsx(-) XY animals; these animals are not only courted by, but also copulate with, wild-type males. Finally, we provide evidence that intersex is required for the feminizing activities of Dsx(F) and that it is not regulated by the sex-specific splicing cascade. |
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AbstractList | doublesex (dsx) is unusual among the known sex-determination genes of Drosophila melanogaster in that functional homologs are found in distantly related species. In flies, dsx occupies a position near the bottom of the sex determination hierarchy. It is expressed in male- and female-specific forms and these proteins function as sex-specific transcription factors. In the studies reported here, we have ectopically expressed the female Dsx protein (Dsx(F)) from a constitutive promoter and examined its regulatory activities independent of other upstream factors involved in female sex determination. We show that it functions as a positive regulator of female differentiation and a negative regulator of male differentiation. As predicted by the DNA-binding properties of the Dsx protein, Dsx(F) and Dsx(M) compete with each other for the regulation of target genes. In addition to directing sex-specific differentiation, Dsx(F) plays an important role in sexual behavior. Wild-type males ectopically expressing Dsx(F) are actively courted by other males. This acquisition of feminine sex appeal is likely due to the induction of female pheromones by Dsx(F). More extreme behavioral abnormalities are observed when Dsx(F) is ectopically expressed in dsx(-) XY animals; these animals are not only courted by, but also copulate with, wild-type males. Finally, we provide evidence that intersex is required for the feminizing activities of Dsx(F) and that it is not regulated by the sex-specific splicing cascade. doublesex (dsx) is unusual among the known sex-determination genes of Drosophila melanogaster in that functional homologs are found in distantly related species. In flies, dsx occupies a position near the bottom of the sex determination hierarchy. It is expressed in male- and female-specific forms and these proteins function as sex-specific transcription factors. In the studies reported here, we have ectopically expressed the female Dsx protein (Dsx super(F)) from a constitutive promoter and examined its regulatory activities independent of other upstream factors involved in female sex determination. We show that it functions as a positive regulator of female differentiation and a negative regulator of male differentiation. As predicted by the DNA-binding properties of the Dsx protein, Dsx super(F) and Dsx super(M) compete with each other for the regulation of target genes. In addition to directing sex-specific differentiation, Dsx super(F) plays an important role in sexual behavior. Wild- type males ectopically expressing Dsx super(F) are actively courted by other males. This acquisition of feminine sex appeal is likely due to the induction of female pheromones by Dsx super(F). More extreme behavioral abnormalities are observed when Dsx super(F) is ectopically expressed in dsx- XY animals; these animals are not only courted by, but also copulate with, wild-type males. Finally, we provide evidence that intersex is required for the feminizing activities of Dsx super(F) and that it is not regulated by the sex-specific splicing cascade. Abstract doublesex (dsx) is unusual among the known sex-determination genes of Drosophila melanogaster in that functional homologs are found in distantly related species. In flies, dsx occupies a position near the bottom of the sex determination hierarchy. It is expressed in male- and female-specific forms and these proteins function as sex-specific transcription factors. In the studies reported here, we have ectopically expressed the female Dsx protein (DsxF) from a constitutive promoter and examined its regulatory activities independent of other upstream factors involved in female sex determination. We show that it functions as a positive regulator of female differentiation and a negative regulator of male differentiation. As predicted by the DNA-binding properties of the Dsx protein, DsxF and DsxM compete with each other for the regulation of target genes. In addition to directing sex-specific differentiation, DsxF plays an important role in sexual behavior. Wild-type males ectopically expressing DsxF are actively courted by other males. This acquisition of feminine sex appeal is likely due to the induction of female pheromones by DsxF. More extreme behavioral abnormalities are observed when DsxF is ectopically expressed in dsx- XY animals; these animals are not only courted by, but also copulate with, wild-type males. Finally, we provide evidence that intersex is required for the feminizing activities of DsxF and that it is not regulated by the sex-specific splicing cascade. |
Author | Jackson, L.L Waterbury, J.A Schedl, P |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Waterbury, J.A – sequence: 2 fullname: Jackson, L.L – sequence: 3 fullname: Schedl, P |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430590$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Snippet | doublesex (dsx) is unusual among the known sex-determination genes of Drosophila melanogaster in that functional homologs are found in distantly related... Abstract doublesex (dsx) is unusual among the known sex-determination genes of Drosophila melanogaster in that functional homologs are found in distantly... |
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SubjectTerms | animal proteins Animals Animals, Genetically Modified copulation courtship behavior Disorders of Sex Development - genetics DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics DNA-Binding Proteins - physiology Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster - genetics Drosophila Proteins dsx gene dsx protein Egg Proteins - biosynthesis Egg Proteins - genetics egg yolk enhancer sequences Female females feminization gene dosage Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - genetics genes genetic regulation Genetics Insect Proteins - genetics Insect Proteins - physiology intersexuality Male males mating behavior messenger RNA Molecular biology Pheromones - biosynthesis Pheromones - genetics Proteins secondary sexual traits Sex Characteristics sex combs Sex Differentiation - genetics Sexes Sexual Behavior, Animal sexual development transcription (genetics) transcription factors Transgenes Vitellogenins - biosynthesis Vitellogenins - genetics yp gene |
Title | Analysis of the Doublesex female protein in Drosophila melanogaster: role in sexual differentiation and behavior and dependence on intersex |
URI | http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/abstract/152/4/1653 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10430590 https://www.proquest.com/docview/214124019 https://search.proquest.com/docview/17269350 https://search.proquest.com/docview/69935811 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC1460680 |
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