Older Is Colder: Temperature Range and Variation in Older People

Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. Setting: A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. Participants: One hundred nursing home residents and 50 s...

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Published inJournal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) Vol. 53; no. 12; pp. 2170 - 2172
Main Authors Gomolin, Irving H., Aung, Myo M., Wolf-Klein, Gisele, Auerbach, Charles
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Malden, USA Blackwell Science Inc 01.12.2005
Blackwell
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0002-8614
1532-5415
DOI10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00500.x

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Abstract Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. Setting: A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. Participants: One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Measurements: Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. Results: The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0°F to 99.6°F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3°F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4°F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8°F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7°F. Ninety‐seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6°F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6°F. Repeated‐measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Conclusion: Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.
AbstractList To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0°F to 99.6°F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3°F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4°F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8°F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7°F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6°F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6°F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.
To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. Setting: A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. Participants: One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Measurements: Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. Results: The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0°F to 99.6°F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3°F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4°F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8°F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7°F. Ninety‐seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6°F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6°F. Repeated‐measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Conclusion: Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.
Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. Setting: A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. Participants: One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Measurements: Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. Results: The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0°F to 99.6°F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3°F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4°F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8°F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7°F. Ninety‐seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6°F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6°F. Repeated‐measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Conclusion: Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.
To ascertain body temperatures in older people.OBJECTIVESTo ascertain body temperatures in older people.Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home.DESIGNAnalysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home.A single nursing home, office setting, and community center.SETTINGA single nursing home, office setting, and community center.One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community.PARTICIPANTSOne hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community.Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer.MEASUREMENTSThree oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer.The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old.RESULTSThe average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old.Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.CONCLUSIONOlder subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.
To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.
Author Gomolin, Irving H.
Aung, Myo M.
Wolf-Klein, Gisele
Auerbach, Charles
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Issue 12
Keywords Human
Gerontology
Temperature
diurnal
Thermometry
Variations
aged
Elderly
Age
Geriatrics
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Presented to American Geriatrics Society Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 18, 2004. 
(Aung MM, Darvesh GM, Alam S, Auerbach C, Wolf‐Klein GP, Gomolin I. Older is colder: Temperature range and variation in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004; 52: S18).
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PublicationTitle Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)
PublicationTitleAlternate J Am Geriatr Soc
PublicationYear 2005
Publisher Blackwell Science Inc
Blackwell
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
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References Fox RH, Woodward PM, Exton-Smith AN et al. Body temperatures in the elderly. A national study of physiological, social, and environmental conditions. BMJ 1973;1: 200-206.
Roghmann MC, Warner J, Mackowiak PA. The relationship between age and fever "magnitude. Am J Med Sci 2001;322: 68-70.
Howell TH. Normal temperatures in old age. Lancet 1948;1: 517-519.
Weinstein L. Clinically benign fever of unknown origin: A personal retrospective. Rev Infect Dis 1985;7: 692-699.
Castle SC, Norman DC, Yeh M et al. Fever response in elderly nursing home residents: Are the older truly colder? J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39: 853-857.
Salvosa CB, Payne PR, Wheeler EF. Environmental conditions and body temperatures of elderly women living alone or in local authority home. BMJ 1971;4: 656-659.
Mackowiak PA, Wasserman SS, Levine MM. A critical appraisal of 98.6°F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich. JAMA 1992;268: 1578-1580.
Thatcher RM. 98.6°F. What is normal? J Gerontol Nurs 1983;9: 22-27.
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1991; 39
1948; 1
1973; 1
1992; 268
1971; 4
1985; 7
e_1_2_6_7_2
e_1_2_6_9_2
e_1_2_6_4_2
e_1_2_6_6_2
Weinstein L. (e_1_2_6_8_2) 1985; 7
e_1_2_6_5_2
Mackowiak PA (e_1_2_6_2_2) 1992; 268
Castle SC (e_1_2_6_3_2) 1991; 39
16866706 - J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Jul;54(7):1160-1; author reply 1161
References_xml – reference: Roghmann MC, Warner J, Mackowiak PA. The relationship between age and fever "magnitude. Am J Med Sci 2001;322: 68-70.
– reference: Thatcher RM. 98.6°F. What is normal? J Gerontol Nurs 1983;9: 22-27.
– reference: Howell TH. Normal temperatures in old age. Lancet 1948;1: 517-519.
– reference: Salvosa CB, Payne PR, Wheeler EF. Environmental conditions and body temperatures of elderly women living alone or in local authority home. BMJ 1971;4: 656-659.
– reference: Weinstein L. Clinically benign fever of unknown origin: A personal retrospective. Rev Infect Dis 1985;7: 692-699.
– reference: Mackowiak PA, Wasserman SS, Levine MM. A critical appraisal of 98.6°F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich. JAMA 1992;268: 1578-1580.
– reference: Fox RH, Woodward PM, Exton-Smith AN et al. Body temperatures in the elderly. A national study of physiological, social, and environmental conditions. BMJ 1973;1: 200-206.
– reference: Castle SC, Norman DC, Yeh M et al. Fever response in elderly nursing home residents: Are the older truly colder? J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39: 853-857.
– volume: 4
  start-page: 656
  year: 1971
  end-page: 659
  article-title: Environmental conditions and body temperatures of elderly women living alone or in local authority home
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 268
  start-page: 1578
  year: 1992
  end-page: 1580
  article-title: A critical appraisal of 98.6°F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich
  publication-title: JAMA
– volume: 9
  start-page: 22
  year: 1983
  end-page: 27
  article-title: 98.6°F. What is normal?
  publication-title: J Gerontol Nurs
– volume: 7
  start-page: 692
  year: 1985
  end-page: 699
  article-title: Clinically benign fever of unknown origin
  publication-title: A personal retrospective
– volume: 322
  start-page: 68
  year: 2001
  end-page: 70
  article-title: The relationship between age and fever “magnitude
  publication-title: Am J Med Sci
– volume: 1
  start-page: 200
  year: 1973
  end-page: 206
  article-title: Body temperatures in the elderly. A national study of physiological, social, and environmental conditions
  publication-title: BMJ
– volume: 39
  start-page: 853
  year: 1991
  end-page: 857
  article-title: Fever response in elderly nursing home residents
  publication-title: Are the older truly colder?
– volume: 1
  start-page: 517
  year: 1948
  end-page: 519
  article-title: Normal temperatures in old age
  publication-title: Lancet
– volume: 268
  start-page: 1578
  year: 1992
  ident: e_1_2_6_2_2
  article-title: A critical appraisal of 98.6°F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.1992.03490120092034
– ident: e_1_2_6_4_2
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(48)90726-0
– volume: 7
  start-page: 692
  year: 1985
  ident: e_1_2_6_8_2
  article-title: Clinically benign fever of unknown origin
  publication-title: A personal retrospective
– ident: e_1_2_6_9_2
  doi: 10.1097/00000441-200108000-00003
– ident: e_1_2_6_7_2
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5847.200
– volume: 39
  start-page: 853
  year: 1991
  ident: e_1_2_6_3_2
  article-title: Fever response in elderly nursing home residents
  publication-title: Are the older truly colder?
– ident: e_1_2_6_5_2
  doi: 10.3928/0098-9134-19830101-05
– ident: e_1_2_6_6_2
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5788.656
– reference: 16866706 - J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Jul;54(7):1160-1; author reply 1161
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Snippet Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and...
Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and...
To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A...
To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A...
To ascertain body temperatures in older people.OBJECTIVESTo ascertain body temperatures in older people.Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly...
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SubjectTerms Age Distribution
aged
Aged - physiology
Aged, 80 and over
Analysis of Variance
Biological and medical sciences
Body Temperature
Circadian Rhythm
diurnal
Female
General aspects
Geriatrics
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Nursing homes
Older people
Reference Values
Temperature
thermometry
Title Older Is Colder: Temperature Range and Variation in Older People
URI https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-BV9HSN46-F/fulltext.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.2005.00500.x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16398904
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/210370831
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Volume 53
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