Older Is Colder: Temperature Range and Variation in Older People
Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. Setting: A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. Participants: One hundred nursing home residents and 50 s...
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Published in | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) Vol. 53; no. 12; pp. 2170 - 2172 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Malden, USA
Blackwell Science Inc
01.12.2005
Blackwell Wiley Subscription Services, Inc |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0002-8614 1532-5415 |
DOI | 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00500.x |
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Abstract | Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people.
Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home.
Setting: A single nursing home, office setting, and community center.
Participants: One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community.
Measurements: Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer.
Results: The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0°F to 99.6°F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3°F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4°F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8°F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7°F. Ninety‐seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6°F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6°F. Repeated‐measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old.
Conclusion: Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. |
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AbstractList | To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0°F to 99.6°F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3°F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4°F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8°F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7°F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6°F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6°F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. Setting: A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. Participants: One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Measurements: Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. Results: The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0°F to 99.6°F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3°F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4°F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8°F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7°F. Ninety‐seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6°F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6°F. Repeated‐measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Conclusion: Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. Setting: A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. Participants: One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Measurements: Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. Results: The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0°F to 99.6°F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3°F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4°F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8°F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7°F. Ninety‐seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6°F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6°F. Repeated‐measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Conclusion: Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. To ascertain body temperatures in older people.OBJECTIVESTo ascertain body temperatures in older people.Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home.DESIGNAnalysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home.A single nursing home, office setting, and community center.SETTINGA single nursing home, office setting, and community center.One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community.PARTICIPANTSOne hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community.Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer.MEASUREMENTSThree oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer.The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old.RESULTSThe average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old.Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.CONCLUSIONOlder subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A single nursing home, office setting, and community center. One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community. Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer. The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3 degrees F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4 degrees F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8 degrees F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7 degrees F. Ninety-seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6 degrees F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6 degrees F. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old. Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6 degrees F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature. |
Author | Gomolin, Irving H. Aung, Myo M. Wolf-Klein, Gisele Auerbach, Charles |
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Keywords | Human Gerontology Temperature diurnal Thermometry Variations aged Elderly Age Geriatrics |
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References | Fox RH, Woodward PM, Exton-Smith AN et al. Body temperatures in the elderly. A national study of physiological, social, and environmental conditions. BMJ 1973;1: 200-206. Roghmann MC, Warner J, Mackowiak PA. The relationship between age and fever "magnitude. Am J Med Sci 2001;322: 68-70. Howell TH. Normal temperatures in old age. Lancet 1948;1: 517-519. Weinstein L. Clinically benign fever of unknown origin: A personal retrospective. Rev Infect Dis 1985;7: 692-699. Castle SC, Norman DC, Yeh M et al. Fever response in elderly nursing home residents: Are the older truly colder? J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39: 853-857. Salvosa CB, Payne PR, Wheeler EF. Environmental conditions and body temperatures of elderly women living alone or in local authority home. BMJ 1971;4: 656-659. Mackowiak PA, Wasserman SS, Levine MM. A critical appraisal of 98.6°F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich. JAMA 1992;268: 1578-1580. Thatcher RM. 98.6°F. What is normal? J Gerontol Nurs 1983;9: 22-27. 2001; 322 1983; 9 1991; 39 1948; 1 1973; 1 1992; 268 1971; 4 1985; 7 e_1_2_6_7_2 e_1_2_6_9_2 e_1_2_6_4_2 e_1_2_6_6_2 Weinstein L. (e_1_2_6_8_2) 1985; 7 e_1_2_6_5_2 Mackowiak PA (e_1_2_6_2_2) 1992; 268 Castle SC (e_1_2_6_3_2) 1991; 39 16866706 - J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Jul;54(7):1160-1; author reply 1161 |
References_xml | – reference: Roghmann MC, Warner J, Mackowiak PA. The relationship between age and fever "magnitude. Am J Med Sci 2001;322: 68-70. – reference: Thatcher RM. 98.6°F. What is normal? J Gerontol Nurs 1983;9: 22-27. – reference: Howell TH. Normal temperatures in old age. Lancet 1948;1: 517-519. – reference: Salvosa CB, Payne PR, Wheeler EF. Environmental conditions and body temperatures of elderly women living alone or in local authority home. BMJ 1971;4: 656-659. – reference: Weinstein L. Clinically benign fever of unknown origin: A personal retrospective. Rev Infect Dis 1985;7: 692-699. – reference: Mackowiak PA, Wasserman SS, Levine MM. A critical appraisal of 98.6°F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich. JAMA 1992;268: 1578-1580. – reference: Fox RH, Woodward PM, Exton-Smith AN et al. Body temperatures in the elderly. A national study of physiological, social, and environmental conditions. BMJ 1973;1: 200-206. – reference: Castle SC, Norman DC, Yeh M et al. Fever response in elderly nursing home residents: Are the older truly colder? J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39: 853-857. – volume: 4 start-page: 656 year: 1971 end-page: 659 article-title: Environmental conditions and body temperatures of elderly women living alone or in local authority home publication-title: BMJ – volume: 268 start-page: 1578 year: 1992 end-page: 1580 article-title: A critical appraisal of 98.6°F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich publication-title: JAMA – volume: 9 start-page: 22 year: 1983 end-page: 27 article-title: 98.6°F. What is normal? publication-title: J Gerontol Nurs – volume: 7 start-page: 692 year: 1985 end-page: 699 article-title: Clinically benign fever of unknown origin publication-title: A personal retrospective – volume: 322 start-page: 68 year: 2001 end-page: 70 article-title: The relationship between age and fever “magnitude publication-title: Am J Med Sci – volume: 1 start-page: 200 year: 1973 end-page: 206 article-title: Body temperatures in the elderly. A national study of physiological, social, and environmental conditions publication-title: BMJ – volume: 39 start-page: 853 year: 1991 end-page: 857 article-title: Fever response in elderly nursing home residents publication-title: Are the older truly colder? – volume: 1 start-page: 517 year: 1948 end-page: 519 article-title: Normal temperatures in old age publication-title: Lancet – volume: 268 start-page: 1578 year: 1992 ident: e_1_2_6_2_2 article-title: A critical appraisal of 98.6°F, the upper limit of the normal body temperature, and other legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich publication-title: JAMA doi: 10.1001/jama.1992.03490120092034 – ident: e_1_2_6_4_2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(48)90726-0 – volume: 7 start-page: 692 year: 1985 ident: e_1_2_6_8_2 article-title: Clinically benign fever of unknown origin publication-title: A personal retrospective – ident: e_1_2_6_9_2 doi: 10.1097/00000441-200108000-00003 – ident: e_1_2_6_7_2 doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5847.200 – volume: 39 start-page: 853 year: 1991 ident: e_1_2_6_3_2 article-title: Fever response in elderly nursing home residents publication-title: Are the older truly colder? – ident: e_1_2_6_5_2 doi: 10.3928/0098-9134-19830101-05 – ident: e_1_2_6_6_2 doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5788.656 – reference: 16866706 - J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Jul;54(7):1160-1; author reply 1161 |
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Snippet | Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people.
Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and... Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and... To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A... To ascertain body temperatures in older people. Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home. A... To ascertain body temperatures in older people.OBJECTIVESTo ascertain body temperatures in older people.Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly... |
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SubjectTerms | Age Distribution aged Aged - physiology Aged, 80 and over Analysis of Variance Biological and medical sciences Body Temperature Circadian Rhythm diurnal Female General aspects Geriatrics Humans Male Medical sciences Nursing homes Older people Reference Values Temperature thermometry |
Title | Older Is Colder: Temperature Range and Variation in Older People |
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