Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the environment

Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been indicated as a major source of this type of contaminant, entering the oceans via wastewater and diverse non-point sources. Their presence is...

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Published in	Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 25; no. 2; pp. 1191 - 1199
Main Authors	Carney Almroth, Bethanie M., Åström, Linn, Roslund, Sofia, Petersson, Hanna, Johansson, Mats, Persson, Nils-Krister
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.01.2018 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	2015 accumulation aquatic organisms Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Contaminants Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Exhaustion Fabric Fabrics fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment Fibers filters fish fleece Gauges ingestion Marine organisms Marine pollution marine-environment Microfibers Microplastics Miljövetenskap nanoplastics nylon Oceans Plastic debris Plastic fibers Plastic pollution Plastics Point sources Polyesters polyethylene polystyrene Research Article SAMP sea Shedding Sources Synthetic fibers Synthetic textiles Textiles Vacuum washing Washing machines Waste Water Technology Wastewater Water Management Water Pollution Control Yarns zooplankton Shedding Microplastics Synthetic textiles Fabric Fibers
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Abstract	Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been indicated as a major source of this type of contaminant, entering the oceans via wastewater and diverse non-point sources. Their presence is also documented in terrestrial samples. In this study, the amount of microfibers shedding from synthetic textiles was measured for three materials (acrylic, nylon, polyester), knit using different gauges and techniques. All textiles were found to shed, but polyester fleece fabrics shed the greatest amounts, averaging 7360 fibers/m −2 /L −1 in one wash, compared with polyester fabrics which shed 87 fibers/m −2 /L −1 . We found that loose textile constructions shed more, as did worn fabrics, and high twist yarns are to be preferred for shed reduction. Since fiber from clothing is a potentially important source of microplastics, we suggest that smarter textile construction, prewashing and vacuum exhaustion at production sites, and use of more efficient filters in household washing machines could help mitigate this problem.
AbstractList	Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been indicated as a major source of this type of contaminant, entering the oceans via wastewater and diverse non-point sources. Their presence is also documented in terrestrial samples. In this study, the amount of microfibers shedding from synthetic textiles was measured for three materials (acrylic, nylon, polyester), knit using different gauges and techniques. All textiles were found to shed, but polyester fleece fabrics shed the greatest amounts, averaging 7360 fibers/m(-2)/L-1 in one wash, compared with polyester fabrics which shed 87 fibers/m(-2)/L-1. We found that loose textile constructions shed more, as did worn fabrics, and high twist yarns are to be preferred for shed reduction. Since fiber from clothing is a potentially important source of microplastics, we suggest that smarter textile construction, prewashing and vacuum exhaustion at production sites, and use of more efficient filters in household washing machines could help mitigate this problem. Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been indicated as a major source of this type of contaminant, entering the oceans via wastewater and diverse non-point sources. Their presence is also documented in terrestrial samples. In this study, the amount of microfibers shedding from synthetic textiles was measured for three materials (acrylic, nylon, polyester), knit using different gauges and techniques. All textiles were found to shed, but polyester fleece fabrics shed the greatest amounts, averaging 7360 fibers/m⁻²/L⁻¹ in one wash, compared with polyester fabrics which shed 87 fibers/m⁻²/L⁻¹. We found that loose textile constructions shed more, as did worn fabrics, and high twist yarns are to be preferred for shed reduction. Since fiber from clothing is a potentially important source of microplastics, we suggest that smarter textile construction, prewashing and vacuum exhaustion at production sites, and use of more efficient filters in household washing machines could help mitigate this problem. Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been indicated as a major source of this type of contaminant, entering the oceans via wastewater and diverse non-point sources. Their presence is also documented in terrestrial samples. In this study, the amount of microfibers shedding from synthetic textiles was measured for three materials (acrylic, nylon, polyester), knit using different gauges and techniques. All textiles were found to shed, but polyester fleece fabrics shed the greatest amounts, averaging 7360 fibers/m-2/L-1 in one wash, compared with polyester fabrics which shed 87 fibers/m-2/L-1. We found that loose textile constructions shed more, as did worn fabrics, and high twist yarns are to be preferred for shed reduction. Since fiber from clothing is a potentially important source of microplastics, we suggest that smarter textile construction, prewashing and vacuum exhaustion at production sites, and use of more efficient filters in household washing machines could help mitigate this problem.Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been indicated as a major source of this type of contaminant, entering the oceans via wastewater and diverse non-point sources. Their presence is also documented in terrestrial samples. In this study, the amount of microfibers shedding from synthetic textiles was measured for three materials (acrylic, nylon, polyester), knit using different gauges and techniques. All textiles were found to shed, but polyester fleece fabrics shed the greatest amounts, averaging 7360 fibers/m-2/L-1 in one wash, compared with polyester fabrics which shed 87 fibers/m-2/L-1. We found that loose textile constructions shed more, as did worn fabrics, and high twist yarns are to be preferred for shed reduction. Since fiber from clothing is a potentially important source of microplastics, we suggest that smarter textile construction, prewashing and vacuum exhaustion at production sites, and use of more efficient filters in household washing machines could help mitigate this problem. Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been indicated as a major source of this type of contaminant, entering the oceans via wastewater and diverse non-point sources. Their presence is also documented in terrestrial samples. In this study, the amount of microfibers shedding from synthetic textiles was measured for three materials (acrylic, nylon, polyester), knit using different gauges and techniques. All textiles were found to shed, but polyester fleece fabrics shed the greatest amounts, averaging 7360 fibers/m−2/L−1 in one wash, compared with polyester fabrics which shed 87 fibers/m−2/L−1. We found that loose textile constructions shed more, as did worn fabrics, and high twist yarns are to be preferred for shed reduction. Since fiber from clothing is a potentially important source of microplastics, we suggest that smarter textile construction, prewashing and vacuum exhaustion at production sites, and use of more efficient filters in household washing machines could help mitigate this problem. Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been indicated as a major source of this type of contaminant, entering the oceans via wastewater and diverse non-point sources. Their presence is also documented in terrestrial samples. In this study, the amount of microfibers shedding from synthetic textiles was measured for three materials (acrylic, nylon, polyester), knit using different gauges and techniques. All textiles were found to shed, but polyester fleece fabrics shed the greatest amounts, averaging 7360 fibers/m −2 /L −1 in one wash, compared with polyester fabrics which shed 87 fibers/m −2 /L −1 . We found that loose textile constructions shed more, as did worn fabrics, and high twist yarns are to be preferred for shed reduction. Since fiber from clothing is a potentially important source of microplastics, we suggest that smarter textile construction, prewashing and vacuum exhaustion at production sites, and use of more efficient filters in household washing machines could help mitigate this problem. Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been indicated as a major source of this type of contaminant, entering the oceans via wastewater and diverse non-point sources. Their presence is also documented in terrestrial samples. In this study, the amount of microfibers shedding from synthetic textiles was measured for three materials (acrylic, nylon, polyester), knit using different gauges and techniques. All textiles were found to shed, but polyester fleece fabrics shed the greatest amounts, averaging 7360 fibers/m /L in one wash, compared with polyester fabrics which shed 87 fibers/m /L . We found that loose textile constructions shed more, as did worn fabrics, and high twist yarns are to be preferred for shed reduction. Since fiber from clothing is a potentially important source of microplastics, we suggest that smarter textile construction, prewashing and vacuum exhaustion at production sites, and use of more efficient filters in household washing machines could help mitigate this problem.
Author	Johansson, Mats Åström, Linn Petersson, Hanna Roslund, Sofia Carney Almroth, Bethanie M. Persson, Nils-Krister
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Bethanie M. orcidid: 0000-0002-5037-4612 surname: Carney Almroth fullname: Carney Almroth, Bethanie M. email: bethanie.carney@bioenv.gu.se organization: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg – sequence: 2 givenname: Linn surname: Åström fullname: Åström, Linn organization: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg – sequence: 3 givenname: Sofia surname: Roslund fullname: Roslund, Sofia organization: The Swedish School of Textiles, Smart Textiles, University of Borås – sequence: 4 givenname: Hanna surname: Petersson fullname: Petersson, Hanna organization: The Swedish School of Textiles, Smart Textiles, University of Borås – sequence: 5 givenname: Mats surname: Johansson fullname: Johansson, Mats organization: The Swedish School of Textiles, Smart Textiles, University of Borås – sequence: 6 givenname: Nils-Krister surname: Persson fullname: Persson, Nils-Krister organization: The Swedish School of Textiles, Smart Textiles, University of Borås
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29081044$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/264247$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index
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Snippet	Microplastics in the environment are a subject of intense research as they pose a potential threat to marine organisms. Plastic fibers from textiles have been...
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SubjectTerms	2015 accumulation aquatic organisms Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Contaminants Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Exhaustion Fabric Fabrics fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment Fibers filters fish fleece Gauges ingestion Marine organisms Marine pollution marine-environment Microfibers Microplastics Miljövetenskap nanoplastics nylon Oceans Plastic debris Plastic fibers Plastic pollution Plastics Point sources Polyesters polyethylene polystyrene Research Article SAMP sea Shedding Sources Synthetic fibers Synthetic textiles Textiles Vacuum washing Washing machines Waste Water Technology Wastewater Water Management Water Pollution Control Yarns zooplankton
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Title	Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the environment
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