The Pseudomonas aeruginosa T6SS Delivers a Periplasmic Toxin that Disrupts Bacterial Cell Morphology

• Published in: Cell reports (Cambridge) Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 187 - 201.e7
• Main Authors: Wood, Thomas E., Howard, Sophie A., Förster, Andreas, Nolan, Laura M., Manoli, Eleni, Bullen, Nathan P., Yau, Hamish C.L., Hachani, Abderrahman, Hayward, Richard D., Whitney, John C., Vollmer, Waldemar, Freemont, Paul S., Filloux, Alain
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.10.2019; Cell Press; Elsevier
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism; Bacterial Secretion Systems - metabolism; Bacterial Secretion Systems - physiology; beta-Lactams - metabolism; effector; metallopeptidase; Periplasm - drug effects; Periplasm - metabolism; Periplasm - physiology; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - metabolism; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - physiology; type VI secretion system; Type VI Secretion Systems - metabolism; Type VI Secretion Systems - physiology; VgrG; Virulence Factors - metabolism; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; effector; type VI secretion system; metallopeptidase; VgrG
• ISSN: 2211-1247; 2211-1247
• DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.094

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is crucial in interbacterial competition and is a virulence determinant of many Gram-negative bacteria. Several T6SS effectors are covalently fused to secreted T6SS structural components such as the VgrG spike for delivery into target cells. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the VgrG2b effector was previously proposed to mediate bacterial internalization into eukaryotic cells. In this work, we find that the VgrG2b C-terminal domain (VgrG2bC-ter) elicits toxicity in the bacterial periplasm, counteracted by a cognate immunity protein. We resolve the structure of VgrG2bC-ter and confirm it is a member of the zinc-metallopeptidase family of enzymes. We show that this effector causes membrane blebbing at midcell, which suggests a distinct type of T6SS-mediated growth inhibition through interference with cell division, mimicking the impact of β-lactam antibiotics. Our study introduces a further effector family to the T6SS arsenal and demonstrates that VgrG2b can target both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [Display omitted] •The structure of the VgrG2b C-terminal domain presents a metallopeptidase fold•VgrG2b exerts antibacterial activity in the periplasmic space•Toxicity of VgrG2b is counteracted by a cognate periplasmic immunity protein•VgrG2bC-ter-intoxicated prey cells bleb at the midcell and lyse The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) delivers effector proteins into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to enhance the survival of the donor cell. Wood et al. describe an antibacterial T6SS toxin family eliciting a profound cell division defect and lysis. The structure of this periplasmic-acting toxin reveals a metallopeptidase fold.