Artificial-Intelligence-Based Models Coupled with Correspondence Analysis Visualization on ART-Cases from Gombe State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study

• Published in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 3; p. 715
• Main Authors: Bala, Kabiru, Etikan, Ilker, Usman, A G, Abba, S I
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.03.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Accuracy; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adaptive systems; AIDS; AIDS (Disease); AIDS research; Algorithms; Antiretroviral agents; Antiretroviral therapy; Antiviral agents; Artificial intelligence; Artificial neural networks; Chi-square test; Comparative analysis; Comparative studies; Contingency; correspondence analysis; Drug therapy; Drugs; Ethnicity; Fuzzy logic; Fuzzy systems; Gombe state; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; HIV (Viruses); HIV patients; Human immunodeficiency virus; Internet; Machine learning; Neural networks; Neurons; Nigeria; Patient compliance; Patient outcomes; Patients; protease inhibitors; Regression analysis; Regression models; Safety and security measures; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Statistics; Support vector machines; Teaching hospitals; Nigeria; protease inhibitors; Nigeria; antiretroviral therapy; correspondence analysis; Gombe state; artificial intelligence
• DOI: 10.3390/life13030715
• ISSN: 2075-1729

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the common hope for HIV/AIDS-treated patients. Total commitments from individuals and the entire community are the major challenges faced during treatment. This study investigated the progress of ART in the Federal Teaching Hospital in Gombe state, Nigeria by using various records of patients receiving treatment in the ART hospital unit. We combined artificial intelligence (AI)-based models and correspondence analysis (CA) techniques to predict and visualize the progress of ART from the beginning to the end. The AI models employed are artificial neural networks (ANNs), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFISs) and support-vector machines (SVMs) and a classical linear regression model of multiple linear regression (MLR). According to the outcome of this study, ANFIS in both training and testing outperformed the remaining models given the R (0.903 and 0.904) and MSE (7.961 and 3.751) values, revealing that any increase in the number of years of taking ART medication will provide HIV/AIDS-treated patients with safer and elongated lives. The contingency results for the CA and the chi-square test did an excellent job of capturing and visualizing the patients on medication, which gave similar results in return, revealing there is a significant association between ART drugs and the age group, while the association between ART drugs and marital status (93.7%) explained a higher percentage of variation compared with the remaining variables.