Dynamic feeding habits: efficiency of frugivory in a nectarivorous bat

Fluctuations in food availability may result in drastic changes of main dietary habits in some animals despite the lack of adaptations to alternative food types. We compared feeding efficiency between the nectarivorous bat Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomidae) that switches during...

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Published inCanadian journal of zoology Vol. 88; no. 8; pp. 764 - 773
Main Authors Becker, Nina I, Rothenwöhrer, Christoph, Tschapka, Marco
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Ottawa National Research Council of Canada 01.08.2010
NRC Research Press
Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press
Subjects
Adaptation (Biology)
Animal and plant ecology
Animal behavior
Animal feeding behavior
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Autoecology
Bats
Biological and medical sciences
Bites
Comparative analysis
Diet
Diets
Feeding
Food and nutrition
Food availability
Frugivory
Fruits
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
High-performance liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Mammalia
Nectar
Niches
Phyllostomidae
Plant species
Resource availability
Vertebrata
Zoology
Germany
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Diet
Dynamics
Frugivorous
Chiroptera
Nectarivorous
Feed conversion efficiency
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Abstract Fluctuations in food availability may result in drastic changes of main dietary habits in some animals despite the lack of adaptations to alternative food types. We compared feeding efficiency between the nectarivorous bat Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomidae) that switches during nectar shortages to frugivory and the specialized frugivore Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) in a combination of behavioural experiments and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis of fruit and faecal samples. We assessed feeding duration and employment of different bite types while animals were feeding on fruits from their natural diet. Although both bat species employed predominantly mechanically more efficient bite types, feeding efficiency (mg of fruit ingested/s) was significantly lower in G. commissarisi. Our study showed that the two bat species employed distinctly different handling and feeding strategies when feeding on the same fruits. "Frugivorous" G. commissarisi consume mostly fruit juices, but fruit anatomy seems to influence feeding efficiency. In an ecological context, the trophic shift of G. commissarisi from nectar to fruits may have implications for plant species that coevolved with bats, as well as for niche partitioning of coexisting bat species. In a more general context, our study highlights a dynamic nature of feeding niches, which might be rather common for animals living in habitats with changes in resource availability.
AbstractList Fluctuations in food availability may result in drastic changes of main dietary habits in some animals despite the lack of adaptations to alternative food types. We compared feeding efficiency between the nectarivorous bat Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomidae) that switches during nectar shortages to frugivory and the specialized frugivore Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) in a combination of behavioural experiments and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis of fruit and faecal samples. We assessed feeding duration and employment of different bite types while animals were feeding on fruits from their natural diet. Although both bat species employed predominantly mechanically more efficient bite types, feeding efficiency (mg of fruit ingested/s) was significantly lower in G. commissarisi. Our study showed that the two bat species employed distinctly different handling and feeding strategies when feeding on the same fruits. "Frugivorous" G. commissarisi consume mostly fruit juices, but fruit anatomy seems to influence feeding efficiency. In an ecological context, the trophic shift of G. commissarisi from nectar to fruits may have implications for plant species that coevolved with bats, as well as for niche partitioning of coexisting bat species. In a more general context, our study highlights a dynamic nature of feeding niches, which might be rather common for animals living in habitats with changes in resource availability.
Fluctuations in food availability may result in drastic changes of main dietary habits in some animals despite the lack of adaptations to alternative food types. We compared feeding efficiency between the nectarivorous bat Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomidae) that switches during nectar shortages to frugivory and the specialized frugivore Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) in a combination of behavioural experiments and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis of fruit and faecal samples. We assessed feeding duration and employment of different bite types while animals were feeding on fruits from their natural diet. Although both bat species employed predominantly mechanically more efficient bite types, feeding efficiency (mg of fruit ingested/s) was significantly lower in G. commissarisi. Our study showed that the two bat species employed distinctly different handling and feeding strategies when feeding on the same fruits. “Frugivorous” G. commissarisi consume mostly fruit juices, but fruit anatomy seems to influence feeding efficiency. In an ecological context, the trophic shift of G. commissarisi from nectar to fruits may have implications for plant species that coevolved with bats, as well as for niche partitioning of coexisting bat species. In a more general context, our study highlights a dynamic nature of feeding niches, which might be rather common for animals living in habitats with changes in resource availability.
Fluctuations in food availability may result in drastic changes of main dietary habits in some animals despite the lack of adaptations to alternative food types. We compared feeding efficiency between the nectarivorous bat Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomidae) that switches during nectar shortages to frugivory and the specialized frugivore Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) in a combination of behavioural experiments and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis of fruit and faecal samples. We assessed feeding duration and employment of different bite types while animals were feeding on fruits from their natural diet. Although both bat species employed predominantly mechanically more efficient bite types, feeding efficiency (mg of fruit ingested/s) was significantly lower in G. commissarisi. Our study showed that the two bat species employed distinctly different handling and feeding strategies when feeding on the same fruits. "Frugivorous" G. commissarisi consume mostly fruit juices, but fruit anatomy seems to influence feeding efficiency. In an ecological context, the trophic shift of G. commissarisi from nectar to fruits may have implications for plant species that coevolved with bats, as well as for niche partitioning of coexisting bat species. In a more general context, our study highlights a dynamic nature of feeding niches, which might be rather common for animals living in habitats with changes in resource availability. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Fluctuations in food availability may result in drastic changes of main dietary habits in some animals despite the lack of adaptations to alternative food types. We compared feeding efficiency between the nectarivorous bat Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomidae) that switches during nectar shortages to frugivory and the specialized frugivore Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) in a combination of behavioural experiments and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis of fruit and faecal samples. We assessed feeding duration and employment of different bite types while animals were feeding on fruits from their natural diet. Although both bat species employed predominantly mechanically more efficient bite types, feeding efficiency (mg of fruit ingested/s) was significantly lower in G. commissarisi. Our study showed that the two bat species employed distinctly different handling and feeding strategies when feeding on the same fruits. "Frugivorous" G. commissarisi consume mostly fruit juices, but fruit anatomy seems to influence feeding efficiency. In an ecological context, the trophic shift of G. commissarisi from nectar to fruits may have implications for plant species that coevolved with bats, as well as for niche partitioning of coexisting bat species. In a more general context, our study highlights a dynamic nature of feeding niches, which might be rather common for animals living in habitats with changes in resource availability.
Fluctuations in food availability may result in drastic changes of main dietary habits in some animals despite the lack of adaptations to alternative food types. We compared feeding efficiency between the nectarivorous bat Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomidae) that switches during nectar shortages to frugivory and the specialized frugivore Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) in a combination of behavioural experiments and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis of fruit and faecal samples. We assessed feeding duration and employment of different bite types while animals were feeding on fruits from their natural diet. Although both bat species employed predominantly mechanically more efficient bite types, feeding efficiency (mg of fruit ingested/s) was significantly lower in G. commissarisi. Our study showed that the two bat species employed distinctly different handling and feeding strategies when feeding on the same fruits. "Frugivorous" G. commissarisi consume mostly fruit juices, but fruit anatomy seems to influence feeding efficiency. In an ecological context, the trophic shift of G. commissarisi from nectar to fruits may have implications for plant species that coevolved with bats, as well as for niche partitioning of coexisting bat species. In a more general context, our study highlights a dynamic nature of feeding niches, which might be rather common for animals living in habitats with changes in resource availability.Original Abstract: Des fluctuations dans la disponibilite de la nourriture peuvent entrainer des changements spectaculaires dans les habitudes alimentaires de certains animaux malgre leur absence d'adaptation pour les types d'aliments de rechange. Nous avons compare l'efficacite alimentaire chez la chauve-souris nectarivore Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomatidae) qui devient frugivore durant les penuries de nectar et chez l'espece frugivore specialisee Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) par une combinaison d'experiences comportementales et d'analyses HPLC (chromatographie liquide a haute performance) d'echantillons de feces et de fruits. Nous avons mesure la duree de l'alimentation et note les differents types de morsures utilises par les animaux qui s'alimentent de fruits de leur regime alimentaire naturel. Bien que les deux especes utilisent surtout des types de morsures plus efficaces mecaniquement, l'efficacite alimentaire (mg de fruits ingeres/s) est significativement plus basse chez G. commissarisi. Notre etude revele que les deux especes de chauves-souris utilisent des strategies de manipulation et d'alimentation nettement differentes lors de la consommation des memes fruits. Les G. commissarisi ' frugivores ' consomment surtout le jus des fruits et l'anatomie du fruit semble influencer l'efficacite alimentaire. Dans un contexte ecologique, le changement trophique de G. commissarisi du nectar aux fruits peut avoir des consequences sur les especes de plantes qui sont en coevolution avec les chauves-souris, et aussi sur la partition des niches des especes de chauves-souris en coexistence. Dans un contexte plus general, notre etude souligne la nature dynamique des niches alimentaires, ce qui peut etre plutot frequent chez les animaux qui vivent dans des habitats qui connaissent des changements dans la disponibilite de leurs ressources.
Fluctuations in food availability may result in drastic changes of main dietary habits in some animals despite the lack of adaptations to alternative food types. We compared feeding efficiency between the nectarivorous bat Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomidae) that switches during nectar shortages to frugivory and the specialized frugivore Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) in a combination of behavioural experiments and HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis of fruit and faecal samples. We assessed feeding duration and employment of different bite types while animals were feeding on fruits from their natural diet. Although both bat species employed predominantly mechanically more efficient bite types, feeding efficiency (mg of fruit ingested/s) was significantly lower in G. commissarisi. Our study showed that the two bat species employed distinctly different handling and feeding strategies when feeding on the same fruits. "Frugivorous" G. commissarisi consume mostly fruit juices, but fruit anatomy seems to influence feeding efficiency. In an ecological context, the trophic shift of G. commissarisi from nectar to fruits may have implications for plant species that coevolved with bats, as well as for niche partitioning of coexisting bat species. In a more general context, our study highlights a dynamic nature of feeding niches, which might be rather common for animals living in habitats with changes in resource availability. Des fluctuations dans la disponibilite de la nourriture peuvent entrainer des changements spectaculaires dans les habitudes alimentaires de certains animaux malgre leur absence d'adaptation pour les types d'aliments de rechange. Nous avons compare; l'efficacite alimentaire chez la chauve-souris nectarivore Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomatidae) qui devient frugivore durant les penuries de nectar et chez l'espeece frugivore speecialiseee Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) par une combinaison d'experiences comportementales et d'analyses HPLC (chromatographie liquide a haute performance) d'eechantillons de feces et de fruits. Nous avons mesure la duree de l'alimentation et note les differents types de morsures utilises par les animaux qui s'alimentent de fruits de leur regime alimentaire naturel. Bien que les deux especes utilisent surtout des types de morsures plus efficaces mecaniquement, l'efficacite; alimentaire (mg de fruits ingeres/s) est significativement plus basse chez G. commissarisi. Notre etude revele que les deux especes de chauves-souris utilisent des strate;gies de manipulation et d'alimentation nettement diffe;rentes lors de la consommation des meimes fruits. Les G. commissarisi << frugivores >> consomment surtout le jus des fruits et l'anatomie du fruit semble influencer l'efficacite; alimentaire. Dans un contexte e;cologique, le changement trophique de G. commissarisi du nectar aux fruits peut avoir des consequences sur les especes de plantes qui sont en coevolution avec les chauves-souris, et aussi sur la partition des niches des espeeces de chauves-souris en coexistence. Dans un contexte plus general, notre etude souligne la nature dynamique des niches alimentaires, ce qui peut eitre plutoit fre;quent chez les animaux qui vivent dans des habitats qui connaissent des changements dans la disponibilite; de leurs ressources. [Traduit par la Redaction]
Abstract_FL Des fluctuations dans la disponibilité de la nourriture peuvent entraîner des changements spectaculaires dans les habitudes alimentaires de certains animaux malgré leur absence d'adaptation pour les types d'aliments de rechange. Nous avons comparé l'efficacité alimentaire chez la chauve-souris nectarivore Glossophaga commissarisi Gardner, 1962 (Phyllostomatidae) qui devient frugivore durant les pénuries de nectar et chez l'espèce frugivore spécialisée Carollia brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) par une combinaison d'expériences comportementales et d'analyses HPLC (chromatographie liquide à haute performance) d'échantillons de fèces et de fruits. Nous avons mesuré la durée de l'alimentation et noté les différents types de morsures utilisés par les animaux qui s'alimentent de fruits de leur régime alimentaire naturel. Bien que les deux espèces utilisent surtout des types de morsures plus efficaces mécaniquement, l'efficacité alimentaire (mg de fruits ingérés/s) est significativement plus basse chez G. commissarisi. Notre étude révèle que les deux espèces de chauves-souris utilisent des stratégies de manipulation et d'alimentation nettement différentes lors de la consommation des mêmes fruits. Les G. commissarisi « frugivores » consomment surtout le jus des fruits et l'anatomie du fruit semble influencer l'efficacité alimentaire. Dans un contexte écologique, le changement trophique de G. commissarisi du nectar aux fruits peut avoir des conséquences sur les espèces de plantes qui sont en coévolution avec les chauves-souris, et aussi sur la partition des niches des espèces de chauves-souris en coexistence. Dans un contexte plus général, notre étude souligne la nature dynamique des niches alimentaires, ce qui peut être plutôt fréquent chez les animaux qui vivent dans des habitats qui connaissent des changements dans la disponibilité de leurs ressources.
Audience Academic
Author Tschapka, Marco
Rothenwöhrer, Christoph
Becker, Nina I
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  givenname: Marco
  surname: Tschapka
  fullname: Tschapka, Marco
  email: marco.tschapka@uni-ulm.de
  organization: Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Keywords Vertebrata
Mammalia
Diet
Dynamics
Frugivorous
Chiroptera
Nectarivorous
Feed conversion efficiency
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Snippet Fluctuations in food availability may result in drastic changes of main dietary habits in some animals despite the lack of adaptations to alternative food...
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SubjectTerms Adaptation (Biology)
Animal and plant ecology
Animal behavior
Animal feeding behavior
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Autoecology
Bats
Biological and medical sciences
Bites
Comparative analysis
Diet
Diets
Feeding
Food and nutrition
Food availability
Frugivory
Fruits
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
High-performance liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Mammalia
Nectar
Niches
Phyllostomidae
Plant species
Resource availability
Vertebrata
Zoology
Title Dynamic feeding habits: efficiency of frugivory in a nectarivorous bat
URI http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/Z10-042
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/755139324
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