Glucoregulatory and Cardiometabolic Profiles of Almond vs. Cracker Snacking for 8 Weeks in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The transition to nutritional independence makes new college students vulnerable to alterations in eating patterns, which can increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to examine the potential benefits of almond vs. cracker snacking in improving glucoregulatory and car...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 10; no. 8; p. 960
Main Authors Dhillon, Jaapna, Thorwald, Max, De La Cruz, Natalie, Vu, Emily, Asghar, Syed Asad, Kuse, Quintin, Diaz Rios, L Karina, Ortiz, Rudy M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 25.07.2018
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Abstract The transition to nutritional independence makes new college students vulnerable to alterations in eating patterns, which can increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to examine the potential benefits of almond vs. cracker snacking in improving glucoregulatory and cardiometabolic profiles in new college students. A randomized controlled, parallel-arm, 8-week intervention of 73 college students (BMI: 18⁻41 kg/m²) with no cardiometabolic disorders was conducted. Participants were randomized into either an almond snack group (56.7 g/day; 364 kcal; = 38) or Graham cracker control group (77.5 g/day; 338 kcal/d; = 35). Chronic, static changes were assessed from fasting serum/plasma samples at baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks. Acute, dynamic effects were assessed during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 8 weeks. Almond snacking resulted in a smaller decline in HDL cholesterol over 8 weeks (13.5% vs. 24.5%, < 0.05), 13% lower 2-h glucose area under the curve (AUC), 34% lower insulin resistance index (IRI) and 82% higher Matsuda index ( < 0.05) during the OGTT, despite similar body mass gains over 8 weeks compared with the cracker group. In general, both almond and cracker snacking reduced fasting glucose, and LDL cholesterol. Incorporating a morning snack in the dietary regimen of predominantly breakfast-skipping, first-year college students had some beneficial effects on glucoregulatory and cardiometabolic health. Almond consumption has the potential to benefit postprandial glucoregulation in this cohort. These responses may be influenced by cardiometabolic risk factor status.
AbstractList The transition to nutritional independence makes new college students vulnerable to alterations in eating patterns, which can increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to examine the potential benefits of almond vs. cracker snacking in improving glucoregulatory and cardiometabolic profiles in new college students. A randomized controlled, parallel-arm, 8-week intervention of 73 college students (BMI: 18–41 kg/m 2 ) with no cardiometabolic disorders was conducted. Participants were randomized into either an almond snack group (56.7 g/day; 364 kcal; n = 38) or Graham cracker control group (77.5 g/day; 338 kcal/d; n = 35). Chronic, static changes were assessed from fasting serum/plasma samples at baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks. Acute, dynamic effects were assessed during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 8 weeks. Almond snacking resulted in a smaller decline in HDL cholesterol over 8 weeks (13.5% vs. 24.5%, p < 0.05), 13% lower 2-h glucose area under the curve (AUC), 34% lower insulin resistance index (IRI) and 82% higher Matsuda index ( p < 0.05) during the OGTT, despite similar body mass gains over 8 weeks compared with the cracker group. In general, both almond and cracker snacking reduced fasting glucose, and LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: Incorporating a morning snack in the dietary regimen of predominantly breakfast-skipping, first-year college students had some beneficial effects on glucoregulatory and cardiometabolic health. Almond consumption has the potential to benefit postprandial glucoregulation in this cohort. These responses may be influenced by cardiometabolic risk factor status.
The transition to nutritional independence makes new college students vulnerable to alterations in eating patterns, which can increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to examine the potential benefits of almond vs. cracker snacking in improving glucoregulatory and cardiometabolic profiles in new college students. A randomized controlled, parallel-arm, 8-week intervention of 73 college students (BMI: 18-41 kg/m2) with no cardiometabolic disorders was conducted. Participants were randomized into either an almond snack group (56.7 g/day; 364 kcal; n = 38) or Graham cracker control group (77.5 g/day; 338 kcal/d; n = 35). Chronic, static changes were assessed from fasting serum/plasma samples at baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks. Acute, dynamic effects were assessed during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 8 weeks. Almond snacking resulted in a smaller decline in HDL cholesterol over 8 weeks (13.5% vs. 24.5%, p < 0.05), 13% lower 2-h glucose area under the curve (AUC), 34% lower insulin resistance index (IRI) and 82% higher Matsuda index (p < 0.05) during the OGTT, despite similar body mass gains over 8 weeks compared with the cracker group. In general, both almond and cracker snacking reduced fasting glucose, and LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: Incorporating a morning snack in the dietary regimen of predominantly breakfast-skipping, first-year college students had some beneficial effects on glucoregulatory and cardiometabolic health. Almond consumption has the potential to benefit postprandial glucoregulation in this cohort. These responses may be influenced by cardiometabolic risk factor status.
The transition to nutritional independence makes new college students vulnerable to alterations in eating patterns, which can increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. The aim of the study was to examine the potential benefits of almond vs. cracker snacking in improving glucoregulatory and cardiometabolic profiles in new college students. A randomized controlled, parallel-arm, 8-week intervention of 73 college students (BMI: 18⁻41 kg/m²) with no cardiometabolic disorders was conducted. Participants were randomized into either an almond snack group (56.7 g/day; 364 kcal; = 38) or Graham cracker control group (77.5 g/day; 338 kcal/d; = 35). Chronic, static changes were assessed from fasting serum/plasma samples at baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks. Acute, dynamic effects were assessed during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 8 weeks. Almond snacking resulted in a smaller decline in HDL cholesterol over 8 weeks (13.5% vs. 24.5%, < 0.05), 13% lower 2-h glucose area under the curve (AUC), 34% lower insulin resistance index (IRI) and 82% higher Matsuda index ( < 0.05) during the OGTT, despite similar body mass gains over 8 weeks compared with the cracker group. In general, both almond and cracker snacking reduced fasting glucose, and LDL cholesterol. Incorporating a morning snack in the dietary regimen of predominantly breakfast-skipping, first-year college students had some beneficial effects on glucoregulatory and cardiometabolic health. Almond consumption has the potential to benefit postprandial glucoregulation in this cohort. These responses may be influenced by cardiometabolic risk factor status.
Author Dhillon, Jaapna
De La Cruz, Natalie
Diaz Rios, L Karina
Vu, Emily
Asghar, Syed Asad
Ortiz, Rudy M
Thorwald, Max
Kuse, Quintin
AuthorAffiliation 1 School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; mthorwald@ucmerced.edu (M.T.); ndelacruz2@ucmerced.edu (N.D.L.C.); evu2@ucmerced.edu (E.V.); sasghar@ucmerced.edu (S.A.A.); qkuse@ucmerced.edu (Q.K.); rortiz@ucmerced.edu (R.M.O.)
2 Cooperative Extension Specialist, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; kdiazrios@ucmerced.edu
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Cooperative Extension Specialist, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; kdiazrios@ucmerced.edu
– name: 1 School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA; mthorwald@ucmerced.edu (M.T.); ndelacruz2@ucmerced.edu (N.D.L.C.); evu2@ucmerced.edu (E.V.); sasghar@ucmerced.edu (S.A.A.); qkuse@ucmerced.edu (Q.K.); rortiz@ucmerced.edu (R.M.O.)
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30044438$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 8
Keywords satiety
lipids
metabolism
nuts
C-peptide
HDL cholesterol
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Snippet The transition to nutritional independence makes new college students vulnerable to alterations in eating patterns, which can increase the risk of...
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StartPage 960
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adults
Animals
Area Under Curve
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Body mass
Body mass index
Body size
C-peptide
C-Peptide - blood
Cholesterol
College students
Colleges & universities
Fasting
Female
Glucose
Glucose - metabolism
Glucose tolerance
Glucose Tolerance Test
HDL cholesterol
Health risks
High density lipoprotein
Humans
Insulin
Insulin - blood
lipids
Low density lipoprotein
Male
metabolism
Nutritional Status
nuts
Prunus dulcis
Randomization
Risk analysis
Risk factors
satiety
Snacks
Students
Young Adult
Young adults
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Title Glucoregulatory and Cardiometabolic Profiles of Almond vs. Cracker Snacking for 8 Weeks in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30044438
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2108596355
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6115851
https://doaj.org/article/445fd703b1d146568891c15b4bd36488
Volume 10
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