Modelling groundwater quality of the Athabasca River Basin in the subarctic region using a modified SWAT model

Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is a paramount environmental concern. It is challenging to simulate groundwater quality dynamics with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) because it does not adequately model nutrient perc...

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Published inScientific reports Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 13574 - 12
Main Authors Meshesha, Tesfa Worku, Wang, Junye, Melaku, Nigus Demelash, McClain, Cynthia N.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 30.06.2021
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
704/172
704/242
704/47
Adaptive management
Calibration
Cold regions
Environmental perception
Groundwater
Groundwater management
Groundwater pollution
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Nitrates
Nutrient loading
River basins
Rivers
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Surface water
Total dissolved solids
Water quality
Athabasca River
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Abstract Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is a paramount environmental concern. It is challenging to simulate groundwater quality dynamics with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) because it does not adequately model nutrient percolation processes in the soil. The objectives of this study were to extend the SWAT module to simulate groundwater quality for the parameters nitrate and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The results of the SWAT model for the Athabasca River Basin in Canada revealed a linear relationship between observed and calculated groundwater quality. This result achieved satisfactory values for coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ( NSE ), and percent bias ( PBIAS ). For nitrate, the model performance measures R 2 ranged from 0.66–0.83 during calibration and NSE from 0.61–0.83. R 2 is 0.71 during validation and NSE ranged from 0.69–0.75. Likewise, for TDS, the model performance measures R 2 ranged from 0.61–0.82 during calibration and from 0.58–0.62 during validation. When coupled with soil zone and land surface processes, nitrate and TDS concentrations in groundwater can be simulated with the SWAT model. This indicated that SWAT may be helpful in evaluating adaptive management scenarios. Hence, the extended SWAT model could be a powerful tool for regional-scale modelling of nutrient loads, and to support and effective surface and groundwater management.
AbstractList Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is a paramount environmental concern. It is challenging to simulate groundwater quality dynamics with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) because it does not adequately model nutrient percolation processes in the soil. The objectives of this study were to extend the SWAT module to simulate groundwater quality for the parameters nitrate and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The results of the SWAT model for the Athabasca River Basin in Canada revealed a linear relationship between observed and calculated groundwater quality. This result achieved satisfactory values for coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ( NSE ), and percent bias ( PBIAS ). For nitrate, the model performance measures R 2 ranged from 0.66–0.83 during calibration and NSE from 0.61–0.83. R 2 is 0.71 during validation and NSE ranged from 0.69–0.75. Likewise, for TDS, the model performance measures R 2 ranged from 0.61–0.82 during calibration and from 0.58–0.62 during validation. When coupled with soil zone and land surface processes, nitrate and TDS concentrations in groundwater can be simulated with the SWAT model. This indicated that SWAT may be helpful in evaluating adaptive management scenarios. Hence, the extended SWAT model could be a powerful tool for regional-scale modelling of nutrient loads, and to support and effective surface and groundwater management.
Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is one of the main environmental concerns. Yet, it is challenging to simulate groundwater quality dynamics due to the insufficient representation of nutrient percolation processes in the soil and Water Assessment Tool model. The objectives of this study were extending the SWAT module to predict groundwater quality. The results proved a linear relationship between observed and calculated groundwater quality with coefficient of determination (R ), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS) values in the satisfied ranges. While the values of R , NSE and PBIAS were 0.69, 0.65, and 2.68 during nitrate calibration, they were 0.85, 0.85 and 5.44, respectively during nitrate validation. Whereas the values of R , NSE and PBIAS were 0.59, 0.37, and - 2.21 during total dissolved solid (TDS) calibration and they were 0.81, 0.80, 7.5 during the validation. The results showed that the nitrate and TDS concentrations in groundwater might change with varying surface water quality. This indicated the requirement for designing adaptive management scenarios. Hence, the extended SWAT model could be a powerful tool for future regional to global scale modelling of nutrient loads and effective surface and groundwater management.
Abstract Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is one of the main environmental concerns. Yet, it is challenging to simulate groundwater quality dynamics due to the insufficient representation of nutrient percolation processes in the soil and Water Assessment Tool model. The objectives of this study were extending the SWAT module to predict groundwater quality. The results proved a linear relationship between observed and calculated groundwater quality with coefficient of determination (R 2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS) values in the satisfied ranges. While the values of R 2, NSE and PBIAS were 0.69, 0.65, and 2.68 during nitrate calibration, they were 0.85, 0.85 and 5.44, respectively during nitrate validation. Whereas the values of R 2, NSE and PBIAS were 0.59, 0.37, and − 2.21 during total dissolved solid (TDS) calibration and they were 0.81, 0.80, 7.5 during the validation. The results showed that the nitrate and TDS concentrations in groundwater might change with varying surface water quality. This indicated the requirement for designing adaptive management scenarios. Hence, the extended SWAT model could be a powerful tool for future regional to global scale modelling of nutrient loads and effective surface and groundwater management.
Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is a paramount environmental concern. It is challenging to simulate groundwater quality dynamics with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) because it does not adequately model nutrient percolation processes in the soil. The objectives of this study were to extend the SWAT module to simulate groundwater quality for the parameters nitrate and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The results of the SWAT model for the Athabasca River Basin in Canada revealed a linear relationship between observed and calculated groundwater quality. This result achieved satisfactory values for coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). For nitrate, the model performance measures R2 ranged from 0.66–0.83 during calibration and NSE from 0.61–0.83. R2 is 0.71 during validation and NSE ranged from 0.69–0.75. Likewise, for TDS, the model performance measures R2 ranged from 0.61–0.82 during calibration and from 0.58–0.62 during validation. When coupled with soil zone and land surface processes, nitrate and TDS concentrations in groundwater can be simulated with the SWAT model. This indicated that SWAT may be helpful in evaluating adaptive management scenarios. Hence, the extended SWAT model could be a powerful tool for regional-scale modelling of nutrient loads, and to support and effective surface and groundwater management.
Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is one of the main environmental concerns. Yet, it is challenging to simulate groundwater quality dynamics due to the insufficient representation of nutrient percolation processes in the soil and Water Assessment Tool model. The objectives of this study were extending the SWAT module to predict groundwater quality. The results proved a linear relationship between observed and calculated groundwater quality with coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS) values in the satisfied ranges. While the values of R2, NSE and PBIAS were 0.69, 0.65, and 2.68 during nitrate calibration, they were 0.85, 0.85 and 5.44, respectively during nitrate validation. Whereas the values of R2, NSE and PBIAS were 0.59, 0.37, and - 2.21 during total dissolved solid (TDS) calibration and they were 0.81, 0.80, 7.5 during the validation. The results showed that the nitrate and TDS concentrations in groundwater might change with varying surface water quality. This indicated the requirement for designing adaptive management scenarios. Hence, the extended SWAT model could be a powerful tool for future regional to global scale modelling of nutrient loads and effective surface and groundwater management.Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is one of the main environmental concerns. Yet, it is challenging to simulate groundwater quality dynamics due to the insufficient representation of nutrient percolation processes in the soil and Water Assessment Tool model. The objectives of this study were extending the SWAT module to predict groundwater quality. The results proved a linear relationship between observed and calculated groundwater quality with coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS) values in the satisfied ranges. While the values of R2, NSE and PBIAS were 0.69, 0.65, and 2.68 during nitrate calibration, they were 0.85, 0.85 and 5.44, respectively during nitrate validation. Whereas the values of R2, NSE and PBIAS were 0.59, 0.37, and - 2.21 during total dissolved solid (TDS) calibration and they were 0.81, 0.80, 7.5 during the validation. The results showed that the nitrate and TDS concentrations in groundwater might change with varying surface water quality. This indicated the requirement for designing adaptive management scenarios. Hence, the extended SWAT model could be a powerful tool for future regional to global scale modelling of nutrient loads and effective surface and groundwater management.
ArticleNumber 13574
Author Melaku, Nigus Demelash
Meshesha, Tesfa Worku
Wang, Junye
McClain, Cynthia N.
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  surname: McClain
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  organization: Environment and Parks, Government of Alberta, Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary
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– reference: 35351919 - Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 29;12(1):5303
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Snippet Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is a paramount environmental concern. It is...
Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is one of the main environmental concerns. Yet, it is...
Abstract Groundwater is a vital resource for human welfare. However, due to various factors, groundwater pollution is one of the main environmental concerns....
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SubjectTerms 704/172
704/242
704/47
Adaptive management
Calibration
Cold regions
Environmental perception
Groundwater
Groundwater management
Groundwater pollution
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Nitrates
Nutrient loading
River basins
Rivers
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Surface water
Total dissolved solids
Water quality
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Title Modelling groundwater quality of the Athabasca River Basin in the subarctic region using a modified SWAT model
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