Informative Censoring-A Cause of Bias in Estimating COVID-19 Mortality Using Hospital Data

(1) Background: Several retrospective observational analyzed treatment outcomes for COVID-19; (2) Methods: Inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) was applied to correct for bias due to informative censoring in database of hospitalized patients who did and did not receive convalescent plas...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inLife (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 210
Main Authors Lin, Hung-Mo, Liu, Sean T H, Levin, Matthew A, Williamson, John, Bouvier, Nicole M, Aberg, Judith A, Reich, David, Egorova, Natalia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.01.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Analysis
Bias
Bias (Statistics)
censoring
Censoring (Statistics)
convalescent plasma
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Electronic data processing
Hospital care
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Methods
Mortality
Patient outcomes
Statistical models
Statistics
United States
United States
United States > US
New York City New York
COVID-19
censoring
convalescent plasma
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract (1) Background: Several retrospective observational analyzed treatment outcomes for COVID-19; (2) Methods: Inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) was applied to correct for bias due to informative censoring in database of hospitalized patients who did and did not receive convalescent plasma; (3) Results: When compared with an IPCW analysis, overall mortality was overestimated using an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier curve, and hazard ratios for the older age group compared to the youngest were underestimated using the Cox proportional hazard models and 30-day mortality; (4) Conclusions: An IPCW analysis provided stabilizing weights by hospital admission.
AbstractList (1) Background: Several retrospective observational analyzed treatment outcomes for COVID-19; (2) Methods: Inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) was applied to correct for bias due to informative censoring in database of hospitalized patients who did and did not receive convalescent plasma; (3) Results: When compared with an IPCW analysis, overall mortality was overestimated using an unadjusted Kaplan–Meier curve, and hazard ratios for the older age group compared to the youngest were underestimated using the Cox proportional hazard models and 30-day mortality; (4) Conclusions: An IPCW analysis provided stabilizing weights by hospital admission.
Audience Academic
Author Lin, Hung-Mo
Williamson, John
Liu, Sean T H
Bouvier, Nicole M
Aberg, Judith A
Egorova, Natalia
Reich, David
Levin, Matthew A
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
3 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
4 Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
– name: 4 Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
– name: 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
– name: 1 Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Hung-Mo
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Hung-Mo
  organization: Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Sean T H
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Sean T H
  organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Matthew A
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6013-2684
  surname: Levin
  fullname: Levin, Matthew A
  organization: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: John
  surname: Williamson
  fullname: Williamson, John
  organization: Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Nicole M
  surname: Bouvier
  fullname: Bouvier, Nicole M
  organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Judith A
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8162-0284
  surname: Aberg
  fullname: Aberg, Judith A
  organization: Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
– sequence: 7
  givenname: David
  surname: Reich
  fullname: Reich, David
  organization: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Natalia
  surname: Egorova
  fullname: Egorova, Natalia
  organization: Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36676159$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNptks9vFCEUxyemxtbam2cziRdNnMqPAYZLk3Vb7SY1TdR68ELezMDIZhZWYBv738u4te4a4QB5fN73weP7tDhw3umieI7RKaUSvR2t0ZgijAhGj4ojggSrsCDyYGd_WJzEuER5cIZ5Uz8pDinngmMmj4pvC2d8WEGyt7qcaxd9sG6oZuUcNlGX3pTvLMTSuvIiJjtxbijn118X5xWW5UcfEow23ZU3cTq49HFtc6Q8hwTPiscGxqhP7tfj4ub9xZf5ZXV1_WExn11VHRMyVYTTXhiGZdO0GDrDDJCaUJJjoibMGI5MR1owXGPZ9hhaEHkg2fMeoOb0uFhsdXsPS7UO-ZbhTnmw6nfAh0FBSLYbtZLQElHnYrzWtTAgBUHAami6nnbU9FnrbKu13rQr3XfapQDjnuj-ibPf1eBvlWw4Q7XMAq_uBYL_sdExqZWNnR5HcNpvoiKCN4RQiVlGX_6DLv0muNyqiRKEiprXf6kB8gNs_q1ct5tE1UwwlF2Q62bq9D9Unr1e2S57xtgc30t4vZeQmaR_piH_elSLz5_22Tdbtgs-xqDNQz8wUpMN1a4NM_5it4cP8B_T0V9HP9Zj
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare12070807
crossref_primary_10_3390_life13030777
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_023_07638_w
Cites_doi 10.1086/502067
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017719
10.1001/jama.2020.17023
10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.83
10.1038/s41571-020-0368-0
10.1111/1475-6773.13069
10.1200/JCO.2014.55.6340
10.1001/jamacardio.2021.4932
10.1056/NEJMoa2007764
10.2147/CLEP.S256735
10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00779.x
10.1038/s42255-021-00407-6
10.1007/978-1-4757-1229-2
10.2196/19538
10.1111/tan.13191
10.1097/00001648-200009000-00012
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG
2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2023 by the authors. 2023
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG
– notice: 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2023 by the authors. 2023
DBID NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
ISR
8FD
8FE
8FH
ABUWG
AFKRA
ATCPS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
COVID
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
LK8
M7P
P64
PATMY
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PYCSY
RC3
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3390/life13010210
DatabaseName PubMed
CrossRef
Gale in Context: Science
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Central
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest One Community College
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
Biological Science Database
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Database
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Science Collection
Genetics Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle PubMed
CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Research Database
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
Genetics Abstracts
Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection
Biological Science Collection
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Coronavirus Research Database
Biological Science Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Environmental Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Environmental Science Database
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
Publicly Available Content Database


CrossRef
PubMed
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
Statistics
EISSN 2075-1729
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_9ab274f5164e47fa9720a54a8cd3c3fd
A750339504
10_3390_life13010210
36676159
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations United States
United States--US
New York City New York
GeographicLocations_xml – name: United States
– name: New York City New York
– name: United States--US
GroupedDBID 53G
5VS
7XC
8FE
8FH
AADQD
AAFWJ
ABDBF
ADBBV
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
ATCPS
BAWUL
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
CCPQU
DIK
ESX
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
HYE
IAO
ISR
KQ8
LK8
M48
M7P
MODMG
M~E
NPM
OK1
PATMY
PIMPY
PROAC
PYCSY
RIG
RPM
AAYXX
CITATION
PGMZT
ITC
8FD
ABUWG
AZQEC
COVID
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
P64
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c579t-263d7f51988b1acf5fa242327f57425ff60fc2baf6e19bd1aba777709d6daa463
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 2075-1729
IngestDate Thu Jul 04 21:11:22 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 17 21:30:35 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 16 21:51:31 EDT 2024
Tue Sep 24 20:52:56 EDT 2024
Wed Jun 26 19:16:20 EDT 2024
Tue Jun 25 19:20:44 EDT 2024
Wed Sep 25 21:39:16 EDT 2024
Wed Aug 28 12:31:21 EDT 2024
Wed Mar 20 10:58:13 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Keywords COVID-19
censoring
convalescent plasma
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c579t-263d7f51988b1acf5fa242327f57425ff60fc2baf6e19bd1aba777709d6daa463
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0001-8162-0284
0000-0002-6013-2684
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9865049/
PMID 36676159
PQID 2767237464
PQPubID 2032373
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_9ab274f5164e47fa9720a54a8cd3c3fd
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9865049
proquest_miscellaneous_2768223915
proquest_journals_2767237464
gale_infotracmisc_A750339504
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A750339504
gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A750339504
crossref_primary_10_3390_life13010210
pubmed_primary_36676159
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-01-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Life (Basel, Switzerland)
PublicationTitleAlternate Life (Basel)
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Campigotto (ref_8) 2014; 32
Wolkewitz (ref_1) 2020; 12
Austin (ref_13) 2016; 133
Leung (ref_4) 1997; 18
Yin (ref_2) 2020; 6
Levin (ref_18) 2019; 54
Montefusco (ref_12) 2021; 3
Beigel (ref_10) 2020; 383
ref_20
Templeton (ref_7) 2020; 17
ref_3
ref_19
Robins (ref_16) 2000; 56
ref_15
ref_9
Unterrainer (ref_6) 2018; 91
Brumback (ref_17) 2000; 11
Thibon (ref_5) 2002; 23
Sterne (ref_11) 2020; 324
McCaw (ref_14) 2022; 7
References_xml – volume: 23
  start-page: 368
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Use of censored data to monitor surgical-site infections
  publication-title: Infect Control. Hosp Epidemiol.
  doi: 10.1086/502067
  contributor:
    fullname: Thibon
– volume: 133
  start-page: 601
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Introduction to the analysis of survival data in the presence of compet-ing risks
  publication-title: Circulation
  doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017719
  contributor:
    fullname: Austin
– ident: ref_9
– volume: 324
  start-page: 1330
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis
  publication-title: Jama
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17023
  contributor:
    fullname: Sterne
– ident: ref_3
– volume: 18
  start-page: 83
  year: 1997
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Censoring issues in survival analysis
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Public. Health
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.83
  contributor:
    fullname: Leung
– volume: 17
  start-page: 327
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Informative censoring—A neglected cause of bias in oncology trials
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41571-020-0368-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Templeton
– volume: 54
  start-page: 24
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Alive or dead: Validity of the Social Security Administration Death Master File after 2011
  publication-title: Health Serv. Res.
  doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.13069
  contributor:
    fullname: Levin
– volume: 32
  start-page: 3068
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Impact of informative censoring on the Kaplan-Meier estimate of progression-free survival in phase II clinical trials
  publication-title: J. Clin. Oncol.
  doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.55.6340
  contributor:
    fullname: Campigotto
– volume: 7
  start-page: 450
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Practical recommendations on quantifying and interpreting treatment effects in the presence of terminal competing risks: A Review
  publication-title: JAMA Cardiol.
  doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.4932
  contributor:
    fullname: McCaw
– volume: 383
  start-page: 1813
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19
  publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med.
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007764
  contributor:
    fullname: Beigel
– volume: 12
  start-page: 925
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: Statistical Analysis of Clinical COVID-19 Data: A Concise Overview of Lessons Learned, Common Errors and How to Avoid Them
  publication-title: Clin. Epidemiol.
  doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S256735
  contributor:
    fullname: Wolkewitz
– volume: 56
  start-page: 779
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Correcting for noncompliance and dependent censoring in an AIDS Clinical Trial with inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) log-rank tests
  publication-title: Biometrics
  doi: 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00779.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Robins
– ident: ref_19
– volume: 3
  start-page: 774
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: Acute and long-term disruption of glycometabolic control after SARS-CoV-2 infection
  publication-title: Nat. Metab.
  doi: 10.1038/s42255-021-00407-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Montefusco
– ident: ref_15
  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1229-2
– ident: ref_20
– volume: 6
  start-page: e19538
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: Statistical Issues and Lessons Learned From COVID-19 Clinical Trials with Lopinavir-Ritonavir and Remdesivir
  publication-title: JMIR Public Health Surveill.
  doi: 10.2196/19538
  contributor:
    fullname: Yin
– volume: 91
  start-page: 80
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: Pitfalls in graft survival analysis
  publication-title: HLA
  doi: 10.1111/tan.13191
  contributor:
    fullname: Unterrainer
– volume: 11
  start-page: 561
  year: 2000
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive men
  publication-title: Epidemiology
  doi: 10.1097/00001648-200009000-00012
  contributor:
    fullname: Brumback
SSID ssj0000651684
Score 2.3076098
Snippet (1) Background: Several retrospective observational analyzed treatment outcomes for COVID-19; (2) Methods: Inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW)...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 210
SubjectTerms Analysis
Bias
Bias (Statistics)
censoring
Censoring (Statistics)
convalescent plasma
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Electronic data processing
Hospital care
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Methods
Mortality
Patient outcomes
Statistical models
Statistics
United States
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NbtQwELZQJSQuiH8CBRkE4hQ18b-P222rFqkgAUU9IFkTx25XQlnE7h648RA8IU_C2MmuEnHgQo72REq-8Yy_ScYzhLxSaDItWCghelsKJmIJNRdlMDpWXkoTWTo7fP5OnV6It5fyctTqK-WE9eWBe-AOLDQYOEWJtD4IHcFqVoEUYHzLPY9t9r61HAVTvQ_GG4zoM905xvUHXxcxoL9OnayryR6US_X_7ZBHO9I0W3K0_ZzcIbcH3khn_fPeJTdCd4_c7DtJ_rhPvgzHipLzonMMTXNe3e-fv2Z0DptVoMtIDxewoouOHqNVJ8nuis7ffz47KmtLzzMLR0ZOcw4B3bYToUewhgfk4uT40_y0HBonlF5quy6Z4q1GyKwxTQ0-ygiJNjEcw0hYxqiq6FkDUYXaNm0NDWi8KtuqFkAo_pDsdcsuPCY0cBV0paM3DAMno41ojAmCV6YJMui2IK-3ULpvfX0Mh3FFgtyNIS_IYcJ5J5OqWucB1LUbdO3-peuCvExacqluRZcSY64QwZU7-_jBzfL_WCsrUZA3g1Bcor48DOcM8H1SqauJ5P5EEg3LT6e3i8ENhr1yTCvNuBYKp1_sptOdKVmtC8tNlkHalSrvF-RRv3Z2781TTjFSyILoyaqaADOd6RbXuey3NcimhX3yP5B8Sm4xZGv9t6R9srf-vgnPkF2tm-fZkP4AFK8jPg
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: ProQuest Central
  dbid: BENPR
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELZKKyQuiDeBggwCcYo2D8ePE9rdbrVFakGFoh6QooljLyuhpHSzB278CH4hv4SZJLtshESO9kSJxzPjb-zxDGOvJKpMCQZC8NaEIhE-hDgVodPKRzbLtE_o7vDpmZxfiHeX2eUem2_uwlBY5cYmtoa6rC3tkY8SJVWSKiHFCAraBbDN6O3V95DqR9E5a19M4wY7SGJBB7YHk9nZh_PtfgsutbHUoot9T9HTH31beocWnGpbR4NVqU3e_6-J3lmjhvGTOwvS8R12u0eSfNxN_V2256p77GZXW_LHffalv2hE5oxP0VltI-1-__w15lNYrxyvPZ8sYcWXFZ-hnhNlteDT959PjsLY8NMWlyNG521UAd8UGOFH0MADdnE8-zSdh30phdBmyjRhItNSeURrWhcxWJ95ICCVYBv6xpn3MvI2KcBLF5uijKEAhU9kSlkCCJk-ZPtVXbnHjLtUOhUpbzUyGk2UFoXWTqSRLlzmVBmw1xtW5lddxowcPQ1ieb7L8oBNiM9bGspz3TbU14u8V5vcQIFuM_64FE4oD0YlEWQCtC1Tm3r82EuapZwyWVQUKrNADq7yk4_n-bg9oTVZJAL2pifyNQkO9DcPcDyU_GpAeTigRFWzw-6NMOS9qq_yv4IZsBfbbnqTwtcqV69bGgRilIs_YI862dmOO6UoYwSVAVMDqRowZthTLb-2icCNRnwtzJP__9ZTditBZNbtGx2y_eZ67Z4hkmqK572S_AHSnB9q
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Lb9QwELaqIlAviHcDBRkE4hRI_PYBoe22VYu0IAGLekCyHMdeVqoS2IdEb_wIfiG_hHEeq43KiRztsRJPZuzvS8YzCD0X4DKl1Ta1wemUERZSm1OWeiVD5jhXgcSzw5P34nTK3p3z8x3UVxvtFLj8J7WL9aSmi4tXP39cvgWHfxMZJ1D21xfz4GEpjkWqgbxfI4yyaOuTDui3azLPhWJt5PuVQXvoBo2xnnnMWLq1PTVZ_K-u1Vub1TCQcmtnOrmFbnaQEo9aG7iNdnx1B11vi0xe3kVfuxNHcV3DY2CtTcjdn1-_R3hs10uP64AP53aJ5xU-BoePktUMjz98OTtKc40njW4ArOMmvAD3lUbwkV3Ze2h6cvx5fJp2NRVSx6VepUTQUgaAbUoVuXWBBxsRFYE2IMk8BJEFRwobhM91Uea2sBKuTJeitJYJeh_tVnXl9xH2VHiZyeAUAU6lpGKFUp7RTBWee1km6EWvSvO9TZ1hgHJE7Ztt7SfoMOp5IxMTXjcN9WJmOv8x2hbAn-HBBfNMBqslySxnVrmSOhrgZs_iWzIxpUUVY2ZmoMGlOfv00YyaX7WaZyxBLzuhUMP7crY7ggDziVmwBpIHA0nwOTfs7o3B9CZriBSSUMkEdD_ddMeRMY6t8vW6kQFEFpPyJ-hBazubefcmmCA5sKqBYoY91fxbkxFcKwDaTD_875GP0B4B9NZ-WzpAu6vF2j8GtLUqnjSO9Be4ESox
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title Informative Censoring-A Cause of Bias in Estimating COVID-19 Mortality Using Hospital Data
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36676159
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2767237464/abstract/
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2768223915
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9865049
https://doaj.org/article/9ab274f5164e47fa9720a54a8cd3c3fd
Volume 13
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3NbpwwELaSVJV6qdJ_mnTlVq16IgvY-Oe4SzZKKm0apU2VQyVkjL1FSiDK7h5660P0CfskHRtYLeqtHEDCg4DxjP0NfJ5B6D0DlymVVKGyWoY0oTZUMaGhEdxGOk2FTdza4fk5O72in67T6x2U9mthPGlfF9VRfXN7VFc_PLfy7laPe57Y-GKeSQG4gsrxLtrlhGyF6O3wm8ZM0JbkTiCkH99U1sBQ7YpYu8JvxNE6Y5ecdGsm8gn7_x2Wt-alIWdyaxI62UePO_SIJ-1TPkE7pn6KHrb1JH8-Q9-7xUVuCMMZBKieXffn1-8JztR6aXBj8bRSS1zVeAa-7STrBc4-fzs7DmOJ5x6LAy7HnkmA-6Ii-Fit1HN0dTL7mp2GXfmEUKdcrsKEkZJbQGhCFLHSNrXKgacEzkE8nFrLIquTQllmYlmUsSoUhy2SJSuVooy8QHt1U5tXCBvCDI-41SKB8ElwQQshDCWRKExqeBmgD70q87s2S0YO0YXTfr6t_QBNnZ43Mi63tT_R3C_yrodzqQoIleHBGTWUWyV5EqmUKqFLoomFm71zvZS77BW1o8csQIPL_OzLZT7xf2UlGEeAPnZCtoH-0qpbbQDv4xJeDSQPB5LgXnrY3BtD3rn3Mk844wnhlEHz202zu9JR1mrTrL0MgC-Xfz9AL1vb2bx3b4IB4gOrGihm2AK-4JN_d7b_-r-vPECPEgBq7WekQ7S3ul-bNwCsVsUIPZjOzi8u4egNb-Q_UMB-TsXIO9lfJR8oVQ
link.rule.ids 230,315,733,786,790,870,891,2115,2236,21416,24346,27957,27958,33779,33780,38551,43840,43930,53827,53829,74659,74769
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3NbtQwELZgKwQX_lsCBQwCcUqbxI5_Tmi7bbUL3SJBi3pAshzHXlagpHR3D3DiIXhCnoRx4l02IHEgx3iixPZ45hvn8wxCzxgsmVJLHWtnZEwz6mKdEhpbwV1i8ly4zJ8dHh-z4Sl9dZafhQ23WaBVLm1iY6jL2vg98t2MM54RThl9ef4l9lWj_N_VUELjMtoAx0qSHtoYvHk_2l_tsoCDTZmgLeOdQHy_-3nqLNhtX9E66fiiJmX_34Z5zTN1WZNrbujwBlLLDrTsk087i3mxY779kdvx_3t4E10PCBX3W5W6hS7Z6ja60tas_HoHfQgHmLyZxAMIghsG38_vP_p4oBczi2uH96Z6hqcVPgD74SWrCW4GLE4lHjd4H7A_btgKeFm4BO_rub6LTg8PTgbDOJRoiE3O5TzOGCm5AxQoRJFq43KnPUDL4B7E3LlzLHEmK7RjNpVFmepCc7gSWbJSa8rIJupVdWXvIWwJszzhzogMQjTBBS2EsJQkorC55WWEni8nS523mTgURDB-UtX6pEZoz8_kSsbnz25u1BcTFZajkrqAcBw-nFFLudOSZ4nOqRamJIY4eNlTrwfKZ8ioPAVnAiM4U6N3b1W_-fMr84RG6EUQcjVohNHhRAP0xyfV6khudyRhCZtu81IjVDAhM_VbHSL0ZNXsn_S0uMrWi0YGAJ7P8R-hrVY7V_0mnr0MYDVCvKO3nYHptlTTj02CcSkAt1N5_9-f9RhdHZ6Mj9TR6Pj1A3QtA_TX7k1to978YmEfAlqbF4_CkvwF5SRBhQ
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lj9MwELZgVyAuiDeBBQwCcYqaOI4fJ9SntsCW1cKiPSBZjmN3K62SZdseuPEj-IX8EsaJWxoh0WM8UZPxzPgb5_MMQq8ZuEyppY61MzKmhLpYpxmNreAuMXkuHPFnh49m7PCUvj_LzwL_aRlolZuY2ATqsjZ-j7xHOOMk45TRngu0iOPR5N3l99h3kPJfWkM7jetoH6RysPD9wXh2fLLdcYHFNmWCtuz3DHL93sXCWYjhvrt10lmXmvL9_wbpnVWqy6DcWZImd9DtgCVxv538u-iare6hG213yR_30bdw1MgHNDyEdLXh2v3--auPh3q9tLh2eLDQS7yo8Bg83UtWczz89HU6ilOJjxpkDigdN7wCvGkxgkd6pR-g08n4y_AwDs0UYpNzuYoJy0ruAK8JUaTauNxpD6UIXIPsOHeOJc6QQjtmU1mUqS40h18iS1ZqTVn2EO1VdWUfI2wzZnnCnREEkinBBS2EsDRLRGFzy8sIvdmoUl22NTMU5Bpe5WpX5REaeD1vZXyl6-ZCfTVXwXGU1AUkzvDgjFrKnZacJDqnWpgyM5mDP3vlZ0n5WhaVt4o5aHCppp9PVL_5RivzhEbobRByNcyX0eHsAbyPL3_VkTzoSIKzme7wxhhUcPal-muaEXq5HfZ3egJbZet1IwNQzFfjj9Cj1na27515njHAygjxjlV1FNMdqRbnTSlwKQBhU_nk_4_1At0EX1Efp7MPT9EtAjCt3UQ6QHurq7V9BrBqVTwP_vIHc6si2g
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Informative+Censoring%E2%80%94A+Cause+of+Bias+in+Estimating+COVID-19+Mortality+Using+Hospital+Data&rft.jtitle=Life+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=Lin%2C+Hung-Mo&rft.au=Liu%2C+Sean+T.+H.&rft.au=Levin%2C+Matthew+A.&rft.au=Williamson%2C+John&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft.pub=MDPI&rft.eissn=2075-1729&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Flife13010210&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36676159&rft.externalDBID=PMC9865049
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2075-1729&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2075-1729&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2075-1729&client=summon