Topological vacuum bubbles by anyon braiding

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 11131 - 6
• Main Authors: Han, Cheolhee, Park, Jinhong, Gefen, Yuval, Sim, H.-S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 31.03.2016; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/766/119; 639/766/483/640; Bubbles; Humanities and Social Sciences; multidisciplinary; Science; Science (multidisciplinary)
• DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11131
• ISSN: 2041-1723

According to a basic rule of fermionic and bosonic many-body physics, known as the linked cluster theorem, physical observables are not affected by vacuum bubbles, which represent virtual particles created from vacuum and self-annihilating without interacting with real particles. Here we show that this conventional knowledge must be revised for anyons, quasiparticles that obey fractional exchange statistics intermediate between fermions and bosons. We find that a certain class of vacuum bubbles of Abelian anyons does affect physical observables. They represent virtually excited anyons that wind around real anyonic excitations. These topological bubbles result in a temperature-dependent phase shift of Fabry–Perot interference patterns in the fractional quantum Hall regime accessible in current experiments, thus providing a tool for direct and unambiguous observation of elusive fractional statistics. Quantum vacuum fluctuations can create pairs of virtual particles that annihilate each other. Here, the authors show that the conventional theory that these particles have no measurable effect on real particles does not apply to anyons, exotic quasiparticles that are intermediate between fermions and bosons.