Cytokine and chemokine multiplex analysis-based exploration for potential treatment and prognostic prediction in large-vessel vasculitis: A preliminary observational study

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 1066916
• Main Authors: Abe, Nobuya, Kono, Michihiro, Kono, Michihito, Katsuyama, Takayuki, Ohmura, Kazumasa, Sato, Taiki, Karino, Kohei, Fujieda, Yuichiro, Kato, Masaru, Hasebe, Rie, Murakami, Masaaki, Atsumi, Tatsuya
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 23.11.2022
• Subjects: chemokine; Chemokines; cytokine; Cytokines; giant cell arteritis; Immunology; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-6; large vessel vasculitis; Prognosis; proteomics; Retrospective Studies; Takayasu arteritis; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; cytokine; giant cell arteritis; chemokine; Janus-kinase inhibitor; large vessel vasculitis; proteomics; clustering; Takayasu arteritis
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066916

Large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) is subclassified into two phenotypes; Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis. Although the pathogenesis of LVV is not fully established, IL-6-IL-17 axis and IL-12-IFN-γ axis play critical roles in the disease development. We aimed to clarify the association between the disease state and cytokine/chemokine levels, to assess disease course as prognosis and to predict regulators in patients with LVV using the blood profiles of multiple cytokines/chemokines. This retrospective analysis comprised 35 LVV patients whose blood were collected, and multiplex cytokine/chemokine analysis with 28 analytes was performed. The differences of cytokines/chemokines corresponding disease status, upstream regulator analysis, pathway analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using the cytokines/chemokines profile. Relapse-free survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier analysis in the classified clusters. In the robust analysis, IL-4, CCL2/MCP-1, TNFSF13/APRIL, TNFSF13B/BAFF, CHI3L1 and VEGF-A levels were significantly changed after treatment. Untreated LVV patients demonstrated activation of NFκB-related molecules and these patients are potentially treated with JAK/STAT inhibitors, anti-TNF-α inhibitors and IL-6 inhibitors. Cluster analysis in active LVV patients revealed two clusters including one with high blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23 and CCL20/MIP-3. A subgroup of the LVV patients showed activated IL-17 signature with high relapse frequency, and JAK/TyK2 inhibitors and IFN-γ inhibitors were detected as potentially upstream inhibitors. Blood cytokine/chemokine profiles would be useful for prediction of relapse and potentially contributes to establish therapeutic strategy as precision medicine in LVV patients.