Synthesis of paracrystalline diamond

Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states 1 – 7 , depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crys...

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Published inNature (London) Vol. 599; no. 7886; pp. 605 - 610
Main Authors Tang, Hu, Yuan, Xiaohong, Cheng, Yong, Fei, Hongzhan, Liu, Fuyang, Liang, Tao, Zeng, Zhidan, Ishii, Takayuki, Wang, Ming-Sheng, Katsura, Tomoo, Sheng, Howard, Gou, Huiyang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 25.11.2021
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
639/301/1034/1035
639/766/119/1002
Amorphous materials
Amorphous structure
Bonding strength
Buckminsterfullerene
Carbon
Chemical properties
Chemical synthesis
Crystal structure
Crystallinity
Crystals
Diamond crystals
Diamonds
High temperature
Humanities and Social Sciences
Long range order
Methods
Microscopy
Molecular dynamics
multidisciplinary
Nucleation
Periodicity
Physical properties
Production processes
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Short range order
Simulation
Temperature
X-ray diffraction
China
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Abstract Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states 1 – 7 , depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond 8 – 10 . The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells 4 , 5 , 11 – 13 , was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C 60 as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C 60 as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp 3 bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family 14 – 16 , which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials. A study describes the synthesis, structural characterization and formation mechanism of a paracrystalline state of diamond, adding an unusual form of diamond to the family of carbon-based materials.
AbstractList Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states1-7, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation ofthe two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond8-10. The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells4,5'11-13, was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C60 as a precursor. The structural characteristics ofthe paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C60 as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp3 bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family14-16, which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials.
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states.sup.1-7, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond.sup.8-10. The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells.sup.4,5,11-13, was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C.sub.60 as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C.sub.60 as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp.sup.3 bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family.sup.14-16, which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials.
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states , depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond . The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells , was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family , which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials.
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states 1 – 7 , depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond 8 – 10 . The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells 4 , 5 , 11 – 13 , was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C 60 as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C 60 as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp 3 bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family 14 – 16 , which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials. A study describes the synthesis, structural characterization and formation mechanism of a paracrystalline state of diamond, adding an unusual form of diamond to the family of carbon-based materials.
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states1-7, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond8-10. The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells4,5,11-13, was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C60 as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C60 as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp3 bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family14-16, which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials.Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states1-7, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond8-10. The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells4,5,11-13, was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C60 as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C60 as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp3 bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family14-16, which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials.
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states.sup.1-7, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond.sup.8-10. The paracrystalline diamond reported in this work, consisting of sub-nanometre-sized paracrystallites that possess a well-defined crystalline medium-range order up to a few atomic shells.sup.4,5,11-13, was synthesized in high-pressure high-temperature conditions (for example, 30 GPa and 1,600 K) employing face-centred cubic C.sub.60 as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the paracrystalline diamond were identified through a combination of X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy and advanced molecular dynamics simulation. The formation of paracrystalline diamond is a result of densely distributed nucleation sites developed in compressed C.sub.60 as well as pronounced second-nearest-neighbour short-range order in amorphous diamond due to strong sp.sup.3 bonding. The discovery of paracrystalline diamond adds an unusual diamond form to the enriched carbon family.sup.14-16, which exhibits distinguishing physical properties and can be furthered exploited to develop new materials. Furthermore, this work reveals the missing link in the length scale between amorphous and crystalline states across the structural landscape, having profound implications for recognizing complex structures arising from amorphous materials. A study describes the synthesis, structural characterization and formation mechanism of a paracrystalline state of diamond, adding an unusual form of diamond to the family of carbon-based materials.
Audience Academic
Author Zeng, Zhidan
Tang, Hu
Sheng, Howard
Gou, Huiyang
Ishii, Takayuki
Wang, Ming-Sheng
Katsura, Tomoo
Cheng, Yong
Yuan, Xiaohong
Liang, Tao
Liu, Fuyang
Fei, Hongzhan
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  orcidid: 0000-0003-1571-8843
  surname: Tang
  fullname: Tang, Hu
  organization: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Xiaohong
  surname: Yuan
  fullname: Yuan, Xiaohong
  organization: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
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  givenname: Yong
  surname: Cheng
  fullname: Cheng, Yong
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Hongzhan
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3143-7363
  surname: Fei
  fullname: Fei, Hongzhan
  organization: Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Fuyang
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Fuyang
  organization: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
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  fullname: Liang, Tao
  organization: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
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  givenname: Zhidan
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4283-2393
  surname: Zeng
  fullname: Zeng, Zhidan
  organization: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Takayuki
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1494-2141
  surname: Ishii
  fullname: Ishii, Takayuki
  organization: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Ming-Sheng
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3754-2850
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Ming-Sheng
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Tomoo
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7857-5101
  surname: Katsura
  fullname: Katsura, Tomoo
  organization: Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth
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  givenname: Howard
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6134-0354
  surname: Sheng
  fullname: Sheng, Howard
  email: hsheng@gmu.edu
  organization: Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Huiyang
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2612-4314
  surname: Gou
  fullname: Gou, Huiyang
  email: huiyang.gou@hpstar.ac.cn
  organization: Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34819683$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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Copyright Nature Publishing Group Nov 25, 2021
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Snippet Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states 1 – 7 , depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present...
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states , depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in...
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states.sup.1-7, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is...
Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states1-7, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in...
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SubjectTerms 639/301/1034/1035
639/766/119/1002
Amorphous materials
Amorphous structure
Bonding strength
Buckminsterfullerene
Carbon
Chemical properties
Chemical synthesis
Crystal structure
Crystallinity
Crystals
Diamond crystals
Diamonds
High temperature
Humanities and Social Sciences
Long range order
Methods
Microscopy
Molecular dynamics
multidisciplinary
Nucleation
Periodicity
Physical properties
Production processes
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Short range order
Simulation
Temperature
X-ray diffraction
Title Synthesis of paracrystalline diamond
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