Unique apicomplexan IMC sub-compartment proteins are early markers for apical polarity in the malaria parasite
The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important pathogens affecting humans and livestock. Malaria parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membr...
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| Published in | Biology open Vol. 2; no. 11; pp. 1160 - 1170 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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The Company of Biologists Ltd
15.11.2013
The Company of Biologists |
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| Abstract | The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important pathogens affecting humans and livestock. Malaria parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membrane complex (IMC), which is implicated in parasite motility and invasion. Using live cell imaging and reverse genetics in the rodent malaria model P. berghei, we localise two unique IMC sub-compartment proteins (ISPs) and examine their role in defining apical polarity during zygote (ookinete) development. We show that these proteins localise to the anterior apical end of the parasite where IMC organisation is initiated, and are expressed at all developmental stages, especially those that are invasive. Both ISP proteins are N-myristoylated, phosphorylated and membrane-bound. Gene disruption studies suggest that ISP1 is likely essential for parasite development, whereas ISP3 is not. However, an absence of ISP3 alters the apical localisation of ISP1 in all invasive stages including ookinetes and sporozoites, suggesting a coordinated function for these proteins in the organisation of apical polarity in the parasite. |
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| AbstractList | The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important pathogens affecting humans and livestock. Malaria parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membrane complex (IMC), which is implicated in parasite motility and invasion. Using live cell imaging and reverse genetics in the rodent malaria model P. berghei, we localise two unique IMC sub-compartment proteins (ISPs) and examine their role in defining apical polarity during zygote (ookinete) development. We show that these proteins localise to the anterior apical end of the parasite where IMC organisation is initiated, and are expressed at all developmental stages, especially those that are invasive. Both ISP proteins are N-myristoylated, phosphorylated and membrane-bound. Gene disruption studies suggest that ISP1 is likely essential for parasite development, whereas ISP3 is not. However, an absence of ISP3 alters the apical localisation of ISP1 in all invasive stages including ookinetes and sporozoites, suggesting a coordinated function for these proteins in the organisation of apical polarity in the parasite. The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma , that are clinically important pathogens affecting humans and livestock. Malaria parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membrane complex (IMC), which is implicated in parasite motility and invasion. Using live cell imaging and reverse genetics in the rodent malaria model P. berghei , we localise two unique IMC sub-compartment proteins (ISPs) and examine their role in defining apical polarity during zygote (ookinete) development. We show that these proteins localise to the anterior apical end of the parasite where IMC organisation is initiated, and are expressed at all developmental stages, especially those that are invasive. Both ISP proteins are N-myristoylated, phosphorylated and membrane-bound. Gene disruption studies suggest that ISP1 is likely essential for parasite development, whereas ISP3 is not. However, an absence of ISP3 alters the apical localisation of ISP1 in all invasive stages including ookinetes and sporozoites, suggesting a coordinated function for these proteins in the organisation of apical polarity in the parasite. Summary The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important pathogens affecting humans and livestock. Malaria parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membrane complex (IMC), which is implicated in parasite motility and invasion. Using live cell imaging and reverse genetics in the rodent malaria model P. berghei, we localise two unique IMC sub-compartment proteins (ISPs) and examine their role in defining apical polarity during zygote (ookinete) development. We show that these proteins localise to the anterior apical end of the parasite where IMC organisation is initiated, and are expressed at all developmental stages, especially those that are invasive. Both ISP proteins are N-myristoylated, phosphorylated and membrane-bound. Gene disruption studies suggest that ISP1 is likely essential for parasite development, whereas ISP3 is not. However, an absence of ISP3 alters the apical localisation of ISP1 in all invasive stages including ookinetes and sporozoites, suggesting a coordinated function for these proteins in the organisation of apical polarity in the parasite. Summary The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important pathogens affecting humans and livestock. Malaria parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membrane complex (IMC), which is implicated in parasite motility and invasion. Using live cell imaging and reverse genetics in the rodent malaria model P. berghei, we localise two unique IMC sub-compartment proteins (ISPs) and examine their role in defining apical polarity during zygote (ookinete) development. We show that these proteins localise to the anterior apical end of the parasite where IMC organisation is initiated, and are expressed at all developmental stages, especially those that are invasive. Both ISP proteins are N-myristoylated, phosphorylated and membrane-bound. Gene disruption studies suggest that ISP1 is likely essential for parasite development, whereas ISP3 is not. However, an absence of ISP3 alters the apical localisation of ISP1 in all invasive stages including ookinetes and sporozoites, suggesting a coordinated function for these proteins in the organisation of apical polarity in the parasite. |
| Author | Wall, Richard J Tewari, Rita Holder, Anthony A Brady, Declan Ferguson, David J P Tate, Edward W Whipple, Sarah Guttery, David S Poulin, Benoit Silvie, Olivier Wickstead, Bill Patzewitz, Eva-Maria Wright, Megan H |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG2 7UH , UK 3 Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ , UK 4 Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford OX3 9DU , UK 5 Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research , Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA , UK 6 Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Building, PO Box 65 , Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX , UK 2 INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 945 “Immunity and infection”, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière , 75013 Paris , France |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ , UK – name: 6 Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Building, PO Box 65 , Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX , UK – name: 4 Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford OX3 9DU , UK – name: 1 Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG2 7UH , UK – name: 2 INSERM and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 945 “Immunity and infection”, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière , 75013 Paris , France – name: 5 Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research , Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA , UK |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Benoit surname: Poulin fullname: Poulin, Benoit organization: Centre for Genetics and Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG2 7UH , UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Eva-Maria surname: Patzewitz fullname: Patzewitz, Eva-Maria – sequence: 3 givenname: Declan surname: Brady fullname: Brady, Declan – sequence: 4 givenname: Olivier surname: Silvie fullname: Silvie, Olivier – sequence: 5 givenname: Megan H surname: Wright fullname: Wright, Megan H – sequence: 6 givenname: David J P surname: Ferguson fullname: Ferguson, David J P – sequence: 7 givenname: Richard J surname: Wall fullname: Wall, Richard J – sequence: 8 givenname: Sarah surname: Whipple fullname: Whipple, Sarah – sequence: 9 givenname: David S surname: Guttery fullname: Guttery, David S – sequence: 10 givenname: Edward W surname: Tate fullname: Tate, Edward W – sequence: 11 givenname: Bill surname: Wickstead fullname: Wickstead, Bill – sequence: 12 givenname: Anthony A surname: Holder fullname: Holder, Anthony A – sequence: 13 givenname: Rita surname: Tewari fullname: Tewari, Rita |
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| Keywords | Plasmodium Polarity ISP |
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| Snippet | The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important pathogens... Summary The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important... The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma , that are clinically important pathogens... Summary The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important... |
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| SubjectTerms | Apicomplexa Developmental stages Gene disruption Genetics ISP Livestock Malaria Membranes Parasites Pellicle Plasma membranes Plasmodium Polarity Proteins Sporozoites Toxoplasma Vector-borne diseases Zygotes |
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| Title | Unique apicomplexan IMC sub-compartment proteins are early markers for apical polarity in the malaria parasite |
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