atpD gene sequencing, multidrug resistance traits, virulence-determinants, and antimicrobial resistance genes of emerging XDR and MDR-Proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently he...

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Published inScientific reports Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 9476 - 15
Main Authors Algammal, Abdelazeem M., Hashem, Hany R., Alfifi, Khyreyah J., Hetta, Helal F., Sheraba, Norhan S., Ramadan, Hazem, El-Tarabili, Reham M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 04.05.2021
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
631/326/1320
631/326/22
631/326/421
631/326/46
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Antibacterial activity
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Aquatic birds
beta-Lactamases - genetics
Biofilms
Biofilms - drug effects
Cephalosporins
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - drug effects
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - genetics
Ducks
Ducks - microbiology
Egypt
Farms
Genes
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Multidrug resistance
Multidrug resistant organisms
Norfloxacin
Opportunist infection
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus mirabilis - drug effects
Proteus mirabilis - genetics
Quinolones
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
Virulence
Virulence - genetics
Virulence Factors - genetics
β Lactamase
β-Lactam antibiotics
Egypt
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Abstract Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently healthy and diseased ducks from private farms in Port-Said Province, Egypt. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically, and then the recovered isolates were tested for atp D gene sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-formation, PCR detection of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of P. mirabilis in the examined samples was 14.6% (35/240). The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed by the atp D gene sequencing, where the tested isolates shared a common ancestor. Besides, 94.3% of P. mirabilis isolates were biofilm producers. The recovered isolates were resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides, β-Lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. Using PCR, the retrieved strains harbored atp D , ure C , rsb A , and zap A virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 94.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. Moreover, 31.4% (11/35) of the recovered strains were XDR to 8 antimicrobial classes that harbored bla TEM , bla OXA-1 , bla CTX-M , tet A , and sul 1 genes. Besides, 22.8% (8/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 3 antimicrobial classes and possessed bla TEM , tet A , and sul 1genes. Furthermore, 17.1% (6/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 7 antimicrobial classes and harbored bla TEM , bla OXA-1 , bla CTX-M , tet A, and sul 1 genes. Alarmingly, three strains were carbapenem-resistant that exhibited PDR to all the tested 10 antimicrobial classes and shared bla TEM , bla OXA-1 , bla CTX-M , tet A, and sul 1 genes. Of them, two strains harbored the bla NDM-1 gene, and one strain carried the bla KPC gene . In brief, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the emergence of XDR and MDR- P.mirabilis in ducks. Norfloxacin exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the recovered XDR and MDR- P. mirabilis . The emergence of PDR, XDR, and MDR-strains constitutes a threat alarm that indicates the complicated treatment of the infections caused by these superbugs.
AbstractList Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently healthy and diseased ducks from private farms in Port-Said Province, Egypt. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically, and then the recovered isolates were tested for atp D gene sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-formation, PCR detection of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of P. mirabilis in the examined samples was 14.6% (35/240). The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed by the atp D gene sequencing, where the tested isolates shared a common ancestor. Besides, 94.3% of P. mirabilis isolates were biofilm producers. The recovered isolates were resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides, β-Lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. Using PCR, the retrieved strains harbored atp D , ure C , rsb A , and zap A virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 94.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. Moreover, 31.4% (11/35) of the recovered strains were XDR to 8 antimicrobial classes that harbored bla TEM , bla OXA-1 , bla CTX-M , tet A , and sul 1 genes. Besides, 22.8% (8/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 3 antimicrobial classes and possessed bla TEM , tet A , and sul 1genes. Furthermore, 17.1% (6/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 7 antimicrobial classes and harbored bla TEM , bla OXA-1 , bla CTX-M , tet A, and sul 1 genes. Alarmingly, three strains were carbapenem-resistant that exhibited PDR to all the tested 10 antimicrobial classes and shared bla TEM , bla OXA-1 , bla CTX-M , tet A, and sul 1 genes. Of them, two strains harbored the bla NDM-1 gene, and one strain carried the bla KPC gene . In brief, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the emergence of XDR and MDR- P.mirabilis in ducks. Norfloxacin exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the recovered XDR and MDR- P. mirabilis . The emergence of PDR, XDR, and MDR-strains constitutes a threat alarm that indicates the complicated treatment of the infections caused by these superbugs.
Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently healthy and diseased ducks from private farms in Port-Said Province, Egypt. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically, and then the recovered isolates were tested for atpD gene sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-formation, PCR detection of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of P. mirabilis in the examined samples was 14.6% (35/240). The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed by the atpD gene sequencing, where the tested isolates shared a common ancestor. Besides, 94.3% of P. mirabilis isolates were biofilm producers. The recovered isolates were resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides, β-Lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. Using PCR, the retrieved strains harbored atpD, ureC, rsbA, and zapA virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 94.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. Moreover, 31.4% (11/35) of the recovered strains were XDR to 8 antimicrobial classes that harbored bla , bla , bla , tetA, and sul1 genes. Besides, 22.8% (8/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 3 antimicrobial classes and possessed bla , tetA, and sul1genes. Furthermore, 17.1% (6/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 7 antimicrobial classes and harbored bla , bla , bla , tetA, and sul1 genes. Alarmingly, three strains were carbapenem-resistant that exhibited PDR to all the tested 10 antimicrobial classes and shared bla , bla , bla , tetA, and sul1 genes. Of them, two strains harbored the bla gene, and one strain carried the bla gene. In brief, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the emergence of XDR and MDR-P.mirabilis in ducks. Norfloxacin exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the recovered XDR and MDR-P. mirabilis. The emergence of PDR, XDR, and MDR-strains constitutes a threat alarm that indicates the complicated treatment of the infections caused by these superbugs.
Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently healthy and diseased ducks from private farms in Port-Said Province, Egypt. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically, and then the recovered isolates were tested for atpD gene sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-formation, PCR detection of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of P. mirabilis in the examined samples was 14.6% (35/240). The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed by the atpD gene sequencing, where the tested isolates shared a common ancestor. Besides, 94.3% of P. mirabilis isolates were biofilm producers. The recovered isolates were resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides, β-Lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. Using PCR, the retrieved strains harbored atpD, ureC, rsbA, and zapA virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 94.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. Moreover, 31.4% (11/35) of the recovered strains were XDR to 8 antimicrobial classes that harbored blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Besides, 22.8% (8/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 3 antimicrobial classes and possessed blaTEM, tetA, and sul1genes. Furthermore, 17.1% (6/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 7 antimicrobial classes and harbored blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Alarmingly, three strains were carbapenem-resistant that exhibited PDR to all the tested 10 antimicrobial classes and shared blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Of them, two strains harbored the blaNDM-1 gene, and one strain carried the blaKPC gene. In brief, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the emergence of XDR and MDR-P.mirabilis in ducks. Norfloxacin exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the recovered XDR and MDR-P. mirabilis. The emergence of PDR, XDR, and MDR-strains constitutes a threat alarm that indicates the complicated treatment of the infections caused by these superbugs.Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently healthy and diseased ducks from private farms in Port-Said Province, Egypt. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically, and then the recovered isolates were tested for atpD gene sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-formation, PCR detection of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of P. mirabilis in the examined samples was 14.6% (35/240). The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed by the atpD gene sequencing, where the tested isolates shared a common ancestor. Besides, 94.3% of P. mirabilis isolates were biofilm producers. The recovered isolates were resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides, β-Lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. Using PCR, the retrieved strains harbored atpD, ureC, rsbA, and zapA virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 94.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. Moreover, 31.4% (11/35) of the recovered strains were XDR to 8 antimicrobial classes that harbored blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Besides, 22.8% (8/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 3 antimicrobial classes and possessed blaTEM, tetA, and sul1genes. Furthermore, 17.1% (6/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 7 antimicrobial classes and harbored blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Alarmingly, three strains were carbapenem-resistant that exhibited PDR to all the tested 10 antimicrobial classes and shared blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Of them, two strains harbored the blaNDM-1 gene, and one strain carried the blaKPC gene. In brief, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the emergence of XDR and MDR-P.mirabilis in ducks. Norfloxacin exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the recovered XDR and MDR-P. mirabilis. The emergence of PDR, XDR, and MDR-strains constitutes a threat alarm that indicates the complicated treatment of the infections caused by these superbugs.
Abstract Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently healthy and diseased ducks from private farms in Port-Said Province, Egypt. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically, and then the recovered isolates were tested for atpD gene sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-formation, PCR detection of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of P. mirabilis in the examined samples was 14.6% (35/240). The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed by the atpD gene sequencing, where the tested isolates shared a common ancestor. Besides, 94.3% of P. mirabilis isolates were biofilm producers. The recovered isolates were resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides, β-Lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. Using PCR, the retrieved strains harbored atpD, ureC, rsbA, and zapA virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 94.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. Moreover, 31.4% (11/35) of the recovered strains were XDR to 8 antimicrobial classes that harbored bla TEM , bla OXA-1 , bla CTX-M , tetA, and sul1 genes. Besides, 22.8% (8/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 3 antimicrobial classes and possessed bla TEM , tetA, and sul1genes. Furthermore, 17.1% (6/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 7 antimicrobial classes and harbored bla TEM , bla OXA-1 , bla CTX-M , tetA, and sul1 genes. Alarmingly, three strains were carbapenem-resistant that exhibited PDR to all the tested 10 antimicrobial classes and shared bla TEM, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Of them, two strains harbored the bla NDM-1 gene, and one strain carried the bla KPC gene. In brief, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the emergence of XDR and MDR-P.mirabilis in ducks. Norfloxacin exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the recovered XDR and MDR-P. mirabilis. The emergence of PDR, XDR, and MDR-strains constitutes a threat alarm that indicates the complicated treatment of the infections caused by these superbugs.
Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation, screening of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes in P. mirabilis isolates from ducks; 240 samples were obtained from apparently healthy and diseased ducks from private farms in Port-Said Province, Egypt. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically, and then the recovered isolates were tested for atpD gene sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-formation, PCR detection of virulence, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The prevalence of P. mirabilis in the examined samples was 14.6% (35/240). The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed by the atpD gene sequencing, where the tested isolates shared a common ancestor. Besides, 94.3% of P. mirabilis isolates were biofilm producers. The recovered isolates were resistant to penicillins, sulfonamides, β-Lactam-β-lactamase-inhibitor-combinations, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, macrolides, and quinolones. Using PCR, the retrieved strains harbored atpD, ureC, rsbA, and zapA virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, 94.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. Moreover, 31.4% (11/35) of the recovered strains were XDR to 8 antimicrobial classes that harbored blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Besides, 22.8% (8/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 3 antimicrobial classes and possessed blaTEM, tetA, and sul1genes. Furthermore, 17.1% (6/35) of the tested strains were MDR to 7 antimicrobial classes and harbored blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Alarmingly, three strains were carbapenem-resistant that exhibited PDR to all the tested 10 antimicrobial classes and shared blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, and sul1 genes. Of them, two strains harbored the blaNDM-1 gene, and one strain carried the blaKPC gene. In brief, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the emergence of XDR and MDR-P.mirabilis in ducks. Norfloxacin exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the recovered XDR and MDR-P. mirabilis. The emergence of PDR, XDR, and MDR-strains constitutes a threat alarm that indicates the complicated treatment of the infections caused by these superbugs.
ArticleNumber 9476
Author Hetta, Helal F.
Hashem, Hany R.
El-Tarabili, Reham M.
Alfifi, Khyreyah J.
Sheraba, Norhan S.
Algammal, Abdelazeem M.
Ramadan, Hazem
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Abdelazeem M.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5580-1559
  surname: Algammal
  fullname: Algammal, Abdelazeem M.
  email: abdelazeem.algammal@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Hany R.
  surname: Hashem
  fullname: Hashem, Hany R.
  organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Khyreyah J.
  surname: Alfifi
  fullname: Alfifi, Khyreyah J.
  organization: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Helal F.
  surname: Hetta
  fullname: Hetta, Helal F.
  organization: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Norhan S.
  surname: Sheraba
  fullname: Sheraba, Norhan S.
  organization: VACSERA, the Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Hazem
  surname: Ramadan
  fullname: Ramadan, Hazem
  organization: Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Reham M.
  surname: El-Tarabili
  fullname: El-Tarabili, Reham M.
  organization: Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33947875$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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SSID ssj0000529419
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Snippet Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation,...
Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram, biofilm-formation,...
Abstract Proteus mirabilis is a common opportunistic pathogen causing severe illness in humans and animals. To determine the prevalence, antibiogram,...
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pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
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StartPage 9476
SubjectTerms 631/326/1320
631/326/22
631/326/421
631/326/46
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Antibacterial activity
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial resistance
Aquatic birds
beta-Lactamases - genetics
Biofilms
Biofilms - drug effects
Cephalosporins
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - drug effects
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - genetics
Ducks
Ducks - microbiology
Egypt
Farms
Genes
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Multidrug resistance
Multidrug resistant organisms
Norfloxacin
Opportunist infection
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus mirabilis - drug effects
Proteus mirabilis - genetics
Quinolones
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
Virulence
Virulence - genetics
Virulence Factors - genetics
β Lactamase
β-Lactam antibiotics
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Title atpD gene sequencing, multidrug resistance traits, virulence-determinants, and antimicrobial resistance genes of emerging XDR and MDR-Proteus mirabilis
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-021-88861-w
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33947875
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2521814056
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2522394471
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8096940
https://doaj.org/article/5931012e38ac417b9f37acafebe95e9c
Volume 11
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