Mitochondrial fusion is essential for steroid biosynthesis
Although the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics (a balance in fusion/fission events and changes in mitochondria subcellular distribution) to key biological process has been reported, the contribution of changes in mitochondrial fusion to achieve efficient steroid production has never been explor...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 7; no. 9; p. e45829 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Public Library of Science
21.09.2012
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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Abstract | Although the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics (a balance in fusion/fission events and changes in mitochondria subcellular distribution) to key biological process has been reported, the contribution of changes in mitochondrial fusion to achieve efficient steroid production has never been explored. The mitochondria are central during steroid synthesis and different enzymes are localized between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum to produce the final steroid hormone, thus suggesting that mitochondrial fusion might be relevant for this process. In the present study, we showed that the hormonal stimulation triggers mitochondrial fusion into tubular-shaped structures and we demonstrated that mitochondrial fusion does not only correlate-with but also is an essential step of steroid production, being both events depend on PKA activity. We also demonstrated that the hormone-stimulated relocalization of ERK1/2 in the mitochondrion, a critical step during steroidogenesis, depends on mitochondrial fusion. Additionally, we showed that the SHP2 phosphatase, which is required for full steroidogenesis, simultaneously modulates mitochondrial fusion and ERK1/2 localization in the mitochondrion. Strikingly, we found that mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression, a central protein for mitochondrial fusion, is upregulated immediately after hormone stimulation. Moreover, Mfn2 knockdown is sufficient to impair steroid biosynthesis. Together, our findings unveil an essential role for mitochondrial fusion during steroidogenesis. These discoveries highlight the importance of organelles' reorganization in specialized cells, prompting the exploration of the impact that organelle dynamics has on biological processes that include, but are not limited to, steroid synthesis. |
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AbstractList | Although the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics (a balance in fusion/fission events and changes in mitochondria subcellular distribution) to key biological process has been reported, the contribution of changes in mitochondrial fusion to achieve efficient steroid production has never been explored. The mitochondria are central during steroid synthesis and different enzymes are localized between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum to produce the final steroid hormone, thus suggesting that mitochondrial fusion might be relevant for this process. In the present study, we showed that the hormonal stimulation triggers mitochondrial fusion into tubular-shaped structures and we demonstrated that mitochondrial fusion does not only correlate-with but also is an essential step of steroid production, being both events depend on PKA activity. We also demonstrated that the hormone-stimulated relocalization of ERK1/2 in the mitochondrion, a critical step during steroidogenesis, depends on mitochondrial fusion. Additionally, we showed that the SHP2 phosphatase, which is required for full steroidogenesis, simultaneously modulates mitochondrial fusion and ERK1/2 localization in the mitochondrion. Strikingly, we found that mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression, a central protein for mitochondrial fusion, is upregulated immediately after hormone stimulation. Moreover, Mfn2 knockdown is sufficient to impair steroid biosynthesis. Together, our findings unveil an essential role for mitochondrial fusion during steroidogenesis. These discoveries highlight the importance of organelles’ reorganization in specialized cells, prompting the exploration of the impact that organelle dynamics has on biological processes that include, but are not limited to, steroid synthesis. |
Author | Cooke, Mariana Podestá, Ernesto J Poderoso, Cecilia Duarte, Alejandra Gottifredi, Vanesa Cornejo Maciel, Fabiana Soria, Gastón |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, France 2 Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina – name: Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, France – name: 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alejandra surname: Duarte fullname: Duarte, Alejandra organization: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina – sequence: 2 givenname: Cecilia surname: Poderoso fullname: Poderoso, Cecilia – sequence: 3 givenname: Mariana surname: Cooke fullname: Cooke, Mariana – sequence: 4 givenname: Gastón surname: Soria fullname: Soria, Gastón – sequence: 5 givenname: Fabiana surname: Cornejo Maciel fullname: Cornejo Maciel, Fabiana – sequence: 6 givenname: Vanesa surname: Gottifredi fullname: Gottifredi, Vanesa – sequence: 7 givenname: Ernesto J surname: Podestá fullname: Podestá, Ernesto J |
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Copyright | Duarte et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2012 Duarte et al 2012 Duarte et al |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: AD CP GS VG EJP. Performed the experiments: AD CP MC GS. Analyzed the data: AD CP VG EJP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CP FCM VG EJP. Wrote the paper: AD CP GS FCM VG EJP. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
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SubjectTerms | Adrenal glands Animals Biological activity Biology Biosynthesis Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone - pharmacology Cell Line Chorionic Gonadotropin - pharmacology Chorionic Gonadotropin - physiology Cyclic AMP - pharmacology Cyclic AMP - physiology Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases - metabolism Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism Epidermal Growth Factor - pharmacology Epidermal Growth Factor - physiology Extracellular signal-regulated kinase Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism Fusion protein Gene Expression Regulation Gene Knockdown Techniques GTP Phosphohydrolases - genetics GTP Phosphohydrolases - metabolism GTP Phosphohydrolases - physiology Hormones Humans Isoquinolines - pharmacology Kinases Kinetics Leydig Cells - metabolism Localization Male Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial Mice Mitochondria Mitochondria - drug effects Mitochondria - metabolism Mitochondria - physiology Mitochondrial DNA Mitochondrial Dynamics Mitochondrial Proteins - genetics Mitochondrial Proteins - metabolism Mitochondrial Proteins - physiology Organelle Shape Organelles Progesterone - biosynthesis Protein kinase A Protein Transport Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 - genetics Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 - metabolism Proton Ionophores - pharmacology RNA Interference Rodents Steroidogenesis Stimulation Sulfonamides - pharmacology |
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Title | Mitochondrial fusion is essential for steroid biosynthesis |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23029265 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1326547431 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1082406155 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3448708 https://doaj.org/article/903e95e8953140baafaa3e31e483cfb9 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045829 |
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