Sociocultural context of exclusive breastfeeding in Africa: A narrative review
Background and Aims Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context‐specific challenges. EBF practice is thus a global health discourse because over 200 million children suffer from malnutrition despite the abundance...
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| Published in | Health science reports Vol. 7; no. 5; pp. e2115 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.05.2024
John Wiley and Sons Inc Wiley |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Background and Aims
Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context‐specific challenges. EBF practice is thus a global health discourse because over 200 million children suffer from malnutrition despite the abundance of human milk. The risk of starvation remains very high among African children with less than 40% of them exclusively breastfed. In Africa, the adoption or nonadherence to EBF is a sociocultural issue. Hence, this narrative review examined the sociocultural context of EBF in the region.
Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using keywords related to EBF and Africa. Relevant data from selected studies were synthesized narratively and reported using a structured narrative format.
Results
EBF is strongly rooted in every culture and is a culturally determined behavior. Some believe that colostrum is dirty and harmful to newborns and, thus, needs to be purified. Despite the belief that human milk is the best food for babies, mothers often complement human milk with other foods right from birth because of perceived lactation inadequacy. Most African mothers believe in prelacteal feeding to help cleanse the infant's gastrointestinal tract for digestion, quench thirst, flush the bladder and help the mother to rest after childbirth before breastfeeding (BF) is initiated. The role of significant others was equally found important in the decision and duration of BF. The availability of family support (especially from grandmothers and husbands) reportedly encouraged EBF in Africa. The duration and exclusivity of BF in Africa are negatively associated with demographic variables like young age, low level of education, being unmarried, low income, out of employment, and parity (first‐time mother).
Conclusion
While there have been some efforts and policies to improve EBF, it is important to consider context‐specific challenges and sociocultural factors. There is a need for more deliberate efforts to encourage mothers through the implementation of effective best practices concerning EBF in Africa. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract Background and Aims Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context‐specific challenges. EBF practice is thus a global health discourse because over 200 million children suffer from malnutrition despite the abundance of human milk. The risk of starvation remains very high among African children with less than 40% of them exclusively breastfed. In Africa, the adoption or nonadherence to EBF is a sociocultural issue. Hence, this narrative review examined the sociocultural context of EBF in the region. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using keywords related to EBF and Africa. Relevant data from selected studies were synthesized narratively and reported using a structured narrative format. Results EBF is strongly rooted in every culture and is a culturally determined behavior. Some believe that colostrum is dirty and harmful to newborns and, thus, needs to be purified. Despite the belief that human milk is the best food for babies, mothers often complement human milk with other foods right from birth because of perceived lactation inadequacy. Most African mothers believe in prelacteal feeding to help cleanse the infant's gastrointestinal tract for digestion, quench thirst, flush the bladder and help the mother to rest after childbirth before breastfeeding (BF) is initiated. The role of significant others was equally found important in the decision and duration of BF. The availability of family support (especially from grandmothers and husbands) reportedly encouraged EBF in Africa. The duration and exclusivity of BF in Africa are negatively associated with demographic variables like young age, low level of education, being unmarried, low income, out of employment, and parity (first‐time mother). Conclusion While there have been some efforts and policies to improve EBF, it is important to consider context‐specific challenges and sociocultural factors. There is a need for more deliberate efforts to encourage mothers through the implementation of effective best practices concerning EBF in Africa. Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context-specific challenges. EBF practice is thus a global health discourse because over 200 million children suffer from malnutrition despite the abundance of human milk. The risk of starvation remains very high among African children with less than 40% of them exclusively breastfed. In Africa, the adoption or nonadherence to EBF is a sociocultural issue. Hence, this narrative review examined the sociocultural context of EBF in the region.Background and AimsAlthough exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context-specific challenges. EBF practice is thus a global health discourse because over 200 million children suffer from malnutrition despite the abundance of human milk. The risk of starvation remains very high among African children with less than 40% of them exclusively breastfed. In Africa, the adoption or nonadherence to EBF is a sociocultural issue. Hence, this narrative review examined the sociocultural context of EBF in the region.PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using keywords related to EBF and Africa. Relevant data from selected studies were synthesized narratively and reported using a structured narrative format.MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using keywords related to EBF and Africa. Relevant data from selected studies were synthesized narratively and reported using a structured narrative format.EBF is strongly rooted in every culture and is a culturally determined behavior. Some believe that colostrum is dirty and harmful to newborns and, thus, needs to be purified. Despite the belief that human milk is the best food for babies, mothers often complement human milk with other foods right from birth because of perceived lactation inadequacy. Most African mothers believe in prelacteal feeding to help cleanse the infant's gastrointestinal tract for digestion, quench thirst, flush the bladder and help the mother to rest after childbirth before breastfeeding (BF) is initiated. The role of significant others was equally found important in the decision and duration of BF. The availability of family support (especially from grandmothers and husbands) reportedly encouraged EBF in Africa. The duration and exclusivity of BF in Africa are negatively associated with demographic variables like young age, low level of education, being unmarried, low income, out of employment, and parity (first-time mother).ResultsEBF is strongly rooted in every culture and is a culturally determined behavior. Some believe that colostrum is dirty and harmful to newborns and, thus, needs to be purified. Despite the belief that human milk is the best food for babies, mothers often complement human milk with other foods right from birth because of perceived lactation inadequacy. Most African mothers believe in prelacteal feeding to help cleanse the infant's gastrointestinal tract for digestion, quench thirst, flush the bladder and help the mother to rest after childbirth before breastfeeding (BF) is initiated. The role of significant others was equally found important in the decision and duration of BF. The availability of family support (especially from grandmothers and husbands) reportedly encouraged EBF in Africa. The duration and exclusivity of BF in Africa are negatively associated with demographic variables like young age, low level of education, being unmarried, low income, out of employment, and parity (first-time mother).While there have been some efforts and policies to improve EBF, it is important to consider context-specific challenges and sociocultural factors. There is a need for more deliberate efforts to encourage mothers through the implementation of effective best practices concerning EBF in Africa.ConclusionWhile there have been some efforts and policies to improve EBF, it is important to consider context-specific challenges and sociocultural factors. There is a need for more deliberate efforts to encourage mothers through the implementation of effective best practices concerning EBF in Africa. Background and Aims Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context‐specific challenges. EBF practice is thus a global health discourse because over 200 million children suffer from malnutrition despite the abundance of human milk. The risk of starvation remains very high among African children with less than 40% of them exclusively breastfed. In Africa, the adoption or nonadherence to EBF is a sociocultural issue. Hence, this narrative review examined the sociocultural context of EBF in the region. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using keywords related to EBF and Africa. Relevant data from selected studies were synthesized narratively and reported using a structured narrative format. Results EBF is strongly rooted in every culture and is a culturally determined behavior. Some believe that colostrum is dirty and harmful to newborns and, thus, needs to be purified. Despite the belief that human milk is the best food for babies, mothers often complement human milk with other foods right from birth because of perceived lactation inadequacy. Most African mothers believe in prelacteal feeding to help cleanse the infant's gastrointestinal tract for digestion, quench thirst, flush the bladder and help the mother to rest after childbirth before breastfeeding (BF) is initiated. The role of significant others was equally found important in the decision and duration of BF. The availability of family support (especially from grandmothers and husbands) reportedly encouraged EBF in Africa. The duration and exclusivity of BF in Africa are negatively associated with demographic variables like young age, low level of education, being unmarried, low income, out of employment, and parity (first‐time mother). Conclusion While there have been some efforts and policies to improve EBF, it is important to consider context‐specific challenges and sociocultural factors. There is a need for more deliberate efforts to encourage mothers through the implementation of effective best practices concerning EBF in Africa. Background and AimsAlthough exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context-specific challenges. EBF practice is thus a global health discourse because over 200 million children suffer from malnutrition despite the abundance of human milk. The risk of starvation remains very high among African children with less than 40% of them exclusively breastfed. In Africa, the adoption or nonadherence to EBF is a sociocultural issue. Hence, this narrative review examined the sociocultural context of EBF in the region.MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using keywords related to EBF and Africa. Relevant data from selected studies were synthesized narratively and reported using a structured narrative format.ResultsEBF is strongly rooted in every culture and is a culturally determined behavior. Some believe that colostrum is dirty and harmful to newborns and, thus, needs to be purified. Despite the belief that human milk is the best food for babies, mothers often complement human milk with other foods right from birth because of perceived lactation inadequacy. Most African mothers believe in prelacteal feeding to help cleanse the infant's gastrointestinal tract for digestion, quench thirst, flush the bladder and help the mother to rest after childbirth before breastfeeding (BF) is initiated. The role of significant others was equally found important in the decision and duration of BF. The availability of family support (especially from grandmothers and husbands) reportedly encouraged EBF in Africa. The duration and exclusivity of BF in Africa are negatively associated with demographic variables like young age, low level of education, being unmarried, low income, out of employment, and parity (first-time mother).ConclusionWhile there have been some efforts and policies to improve EBF, it is important to consider context-specific challenges and sociocultural factors. There is a need for more deliberate efforts to encourage mothers through the implementation of effective best practices concerning EBF in Africa. Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context-specific challenges. EBF practice is thus a global health discourse because over 200 million children suffer from malnutrition despite the abundance of human milk. The risk of starvation remains very high among African children with less than 40% of them exclusively breastfed. In Africa, the adoption or nonadherence to EBF is a sociocultural issue. Hence, this narrative review examined the sociocultural context of EBF in the region. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using keywords related to EBF and Africa. Relevant data from selected studies were synthesized narratively and reported using a structured narrative format. EBF is strongly rooted in every culture and is a culturally determined behavior. Some believe that colostrum is dirty and harmful to newborns and, thus, needs to be purified. Despite the belief that human milk is the best food for babies, mothers often complement human milk with other foods right from birth because of perceived lactation inadequacy. Most African mothers believe in prelacteal feeding to help cleanse the infant's gastrointestinal tract for digestion, quench thirst, flush the bladder and help the mother to rest after childbirth before breastfeeding (BF) is initiated. The role of significant others was equally found important in the decision and duration of BF. The availability of family support (especially from grandmothers and husbands) reportedly encouraged EBF in Africa. The duration and exclusivity of BF in Africa are negatively associated with demographic variables like young age, low level of education, being unmarried, low income, out of employment, and parity (first-time mother). While there have been some efforts and policies to improve EBF, it is important to consider context-specific challenges and sociocultural factors. There is a need for more deliberate efforts to encourage mothers through the implementation of effective best practices concerning EBF in Africa. |
| Author | Amzat, Jimoh Matankari, Brisca Aminu, Kafayat Ismail, Abbas Almu, Bello Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Sociology Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Katsina Nigeria 6 Faculty of Dentistry University of Puthisastra Phnom Penh Cambodia 8 Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc Ibadan Nigeria 7 School of Dentistry University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda 1 Department of Sociology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria 2 Department of Sociology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa 3 Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria 5 School of Health and Life Sciences Teesside University Middlesbrough UK |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Sociology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa – name: 8 Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc Ibadan Nigeria – name: 5 School of Health and Life Sciences Teesside University Middlesbrough UK – name: 6 Faculty of Dentistry University of Puthisastra Phnom Penh Cambodia – name: 3 Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria – name: 4 Department of Sociology Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Katsina Nigeria – name: 7 School of Dentistry University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda – name: 1 Department of Sociology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jimoh orcidid: 0000-0001-9564-1190 surname: Amzat fullname: Amzat, Jimoh organization: University of Johannesburg – sequence: 2 givenname: Kafayat orcidid: 0000-0001-7438-2556 surname: Aminu fullname: Aminu, Kafayat organization: University College Hospital – sequence: 3 givenname: Brisca orcidid: 0009-0006-0769-0923 surname: Matankari fullname: Matankari, Brisca organization: Usmanu Danfodiyo University – sequence: 4 givenname: Abbas orcidid: 0009-0002-2291-9934 surname: Ismail fullname: Ismail, Abbas organization: Umaru Musa Yar'adua University – sequence: 5 givenname: Bello surname: Almu fullname: Almu, Bello organization: Usmanu Danfodiyo University – sequence: 6 givenname: Kehinde Kazeem orcidid: 0000-0001-9906-3826 surname: Kanmodi fullname: Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem email: k.kanmodi@tees.ac.uk organization: Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc |
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| Snippet | Background and Aims
Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context‐specific... Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context-specific challenges. EBF... Background and AimsAlthough exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of context-specific... Abstract Background and Aims Although exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has many benefits, it is not commonly practiced in several countries as a result of... |
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| SubjectTerms | Africa Babies Breastfeeding & lactation Children & youth Culture exclusive breastfeeding Families & family life Food global public health Malnutrition Milk Mothers Narrative Review Newborn babies review sociocultural Traditions |
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| Title | Sociocultural context of exclusive breastfeeding in Africa: A narrative review |
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