Expansion of the Clostridium perfringens toxin-based typing scheme
Clostridium perfringens causes many different histotoxic and enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to produce potent protein toxins, many of which are extracellular. The current scheme for the classification of isolates was finalized in the 1960s and is based on their...
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| Published in | Anaerobe Vol. 53; pp. 5 - 10 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.10.2018
Elsevier Masson |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Clostridium perfringens causes many different histotoxic and enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to produce potent protein toxins, many of which are extracellular. The current scheme for the classification of isolates was finalized in the 1960s and is based on their ability to produce a combination of four typing toxins - α-toxin, β-toxin, ε-toxin and ι-toxin – to divide C. perfringens strains into toxinotypes A to E. However, this scheme is now outdated since it does not take into account the discovery of other toxins that have been shown to be required for specific C. perfringens-mediated diseases. We present a long overdue revision of this toxinotyping scheme. The principles for the expansion of the typing system are described, as is a mechanism by which new toxinotypes can be proposed and subsequently approved. Based on these criteria two new toxinotypes have been established. C. perfringens type F consists of isolates that produce C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), but not β-toxin, ε-toxin or ι-toxin. Type F strains will include strains responsible for C. perfringens-mediated human food poisoning and antibiotic associated diarrhea. C. perfringens type G comprises isolates that produce NetB toxin and thereby cause necrotic enteritis in chickens. There are at least two candidates for future C. perfringens toxinotypes, but further experimental work is required before these toxinotypes can formally be proposed and accepted.
[Display omitted]
•An expanded C. perfringens toxinotyping scheme is presented.•Two new toxinotypes are proposed.•C. perfringens type F strains produce CPE, but not β, ε or ι toxins.•C. perfringens type G strains produce NetB.•A mechanism for the introduction of new toxinotypes is presented. |
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| AbstractList | Clostridium perfringens
causes many different histotoxic
and enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to
produce potent protein toxins, many of which are extracellular. The current
scheme for the classification of isolates was finalized in the 1960s and is
based on their ability to produce a combination of four typing toxins -
α-toxin, β-toxin, ε-toxin and ι-toxin –
to divide
C. perfringens
strains into toxinotypes A to E.
However, this scheme is now outdated since it does not take into account the
discovery of other toxins that have been shown to be required for specific
C. perfringens
-mediated diseases. We present a long overdue
revision of this toxinotyping scheme. The principles for the expansion of the
typing system are described, as is a mechanism by which new toxinotypes can be
proposed and subsequently approved. Based on these criteria two new toxinotypes
have been established.
C. perfringens
type F consists of
isolates that produce
C. perfringens
enterotoxin (CPE), but not
β-toxin, ε-toxin or ι-toxin. Type F strains will include
strains responsible for
C. perfringens
-mediated human food
poisoning and antibiotic associated diarrhea.
C. perfringens
type G comprises isolates that produce NetB toxin and thereby cause necrotic
enteritis in chickens. There are at least two candidates for future
C.
perfringens
toxinotypes, but further experimental work is required
before these toxinotypes can formally be proposed and accepted. Clostridium perfringens causes many different histotoxic and enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to produce potent protein toxins, many of which are extracellular. The current scheme for the classification of isolates was finalized in the 1960s and is based on their ability to produce a combination of four typing toxins - α-toxin, β-toxin, ε-toxin and ι-toxin – to divide C. perfringens strains into toxinotypes A to E. However, this scheme is now outdated since it does not take into account the discovery of other toxins that have been shown to be required for specific C. perfringens-mediated diseases. We present a long overdue revision of this toxinotyping scheme. The principles for the expansion of the typing system are described, as is a mechanism by which new toxinotypes can be proposed and subsequently approved. Based on these criteria two new toxinotypes have been established. C. perfringens type F consists of isolates that produce C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), but not β-toxin, ε-toxin or ι-toxin. Type F strains will include strains responsible for C. perfringens-mediated human food poisoning and antibiotic associated diarrhea. C. perfringens type G comprises isolates that produce NetB toxin and thereby cause necrotic enteritis in chickens. There are at least two candidates for future C. perfringens toxinotypes, but further experimental work is required before these toxinotypes can formally be proposed and accepted. [Display omitted] •An expanded C. perfringens toxinotyping scheme is presented.•Two new toxinotypes are proposed.•C. perfringens type F strains produce CPE, but not β, ε or ι toxins.•C. perfringens type G strains produce NetB.•A mechanism for the introduction of new toxinotypes is presented. Clostridium perfringens causes many different histotoxic and enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to produce potent protein toxins, many of which are extracellular. The current scheme for the classification of isolates was finalized in the 1960s and is based on their ability to produce a combination of four typing toxins - α-toxin, β-toxin, ε-toxin and ι-toxin - to divide C. perfringens strains into toxinotypes A to E. However, this scheme is now outdated since it does not take into account the discovery of other toxins that have been shown to be required for specific C. perfringens-mediated diseases. We present a long overdue revision of this toxinotyping scheme. The principles for the expansion of the typing system are described, as is a mechanism by which new toxinotypes can be proposed and subsequently approved. Based on these criteria two new toxinotypes have been established. C. perfringens type F consists of isolates that produce C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), but not β-toxin, ε-toxin or ι-toxin. Type F strains will include strains responsible for C. perfringens-mediated human food poisoning and antibiotic associated diarrhea. C. perfringens type G comprises isolates that produce NetB toxin and thereby cause necrotic enteritis in chickens. There are at least two candidates for future C. perfringens toxinotypes, but further experimental work is required before these toxinotypes can formally be proposed and accepted. Clostridium perfringens causes many different histotoxic and enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to produce potent protein toxins, many of which are extracellular. The current scheme for the classification of isolates was finalized in the 1960s and is based on their ability to produce a combination of four typing toxins - α-toxin, β-toxin, ε-toxin and ι-toxin - to divide C. perfringens strains into toxinotypes A to E. However, this scheme is now outdated since it does not take into account the discovery of other toxins that have been shown to be required for specific C. perfringens-mediated diseases. We present a long overdue revision of this toxinotyping scheme. The principles for the expansion of the typing system are described, as is a mechanism by which new toxinotypes can be proposed and subsequently approved. Based on these criteria two new toxinotypes have been established. C. perfringens type F consists of isolates that produce C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), but not β-toxin, ε-toxin or ι-toxin. Type F strains will include strains responsible for C. perfringens-mediated human food poisoning and antibiotic associated diarrhea. C. perfringens type G comprises isolates that produce NetB toxin and thereby cause necrotic enteritis in chickens. There are at least two candidates for future C. perfringens toxinotypes, but further experimental work is required before these toxinotypes can formally be proposed and accepted. |
| Author | Moore, Robert J. Lyras, Dena Songer, J. Glenn Lacey, Jake Uzal, Francisco A. Rood, Julian I. Melville, Stephen B. Popoff, Michel R. Van Immerseel, Filip McClane, Bruce A. Adams, Vicki Sarker, Mahfuzur R. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 8 California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, San Bernardino Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA 6 Unité Des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue Du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France 2 CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia 3 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 5 School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia 9 Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium 7 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA 1 Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia 4 Department of B |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA – name: 8 California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, San Bernardino Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA – name: 5 School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia – name: 7 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA – name: 9 Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium – name: 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA – name: 1 Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia – name: 2 CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia – name: 6 Unité Des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue Du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Julian I. surname: Rood fullname: Rood, Julian I. email: julian.rood@monash.edu organization: Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Vicki surname: Adams fullname: Adams, Vicki organization: Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Jake surname: Lacey fullname: Lacey, Jake organization: Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Dena surname: Lyras fullname: Lyras, Dena organization: Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Bruce A. surname: McClane fullname: McClane, Bruce A. organization: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Stephen B. surname: Melville fullname: Melville, Stephen B. organization: Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Robert J. surname: Moore fullname: Moore, Robert J. organization: Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia – sequence: 8 givenname: Michel R. surname: Popoff fullname: Popoff, Michel R. organization: Unité Des Bactéries Anaérobies et Toxines, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue Du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France – sequence: 9 givenname: Mahfuzur R. surname: Sarker fullname: Sarker, Mahfuzur R. organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: J. Glenn surname: Songer fullname: Songer, J. Glenn – sequence: 11 givenname: Francisco A. surname: Uzal fullname: Uzal, Francisco A. organization: California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, San Bernardino Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Filip surname: Van Immerseel fullname: Van Immerseel, Filip organization: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29866424$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-02453858$$DView record in HAL |
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| Snippet | Clostridium perfringens causes many different histotoxic and enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to produce potent protein... Clostridium perfringens causes many different histotoxic and enterotoxic diseases in humans and animals as a result of its ability to produce potent protein... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Bacterial Toxins/analysis Bacterial Typing Techniques/methods Bacteriology Cell Behavior Cellular Biology Clostridium Infections/microbiology Clostridium Infections/veterinary Clostridium perfringens Clostridium perfringens/classification Clostridium perfringens/isolation & purification Disease Humans Life Sciences Microbiology and Parasitology Pathogenesis Subcellular Processes Terminology Toxinotyping Toxins |
| Title | Expansion of the Clostridium perfringens toxin-based typing scheme |
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