The effect of place of residence on access to invasive cardiac services following acute myocardial infarction
The Canadian health care system is mandated to provide reasonable access to health care for all Canadians regardless of age, sex, race, socioeconomic status or place of residence. In the present study, the impact of place of residence in Nova Scotia on access to cardiac catheterization and long-term...
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Published in | Canadian journal of cardiology Vol. 25; no. 4; pp. 207 - 212 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Elsevier Inc
01.04.2009
Pulsus Group Inc |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0828-282X 1916-7075 1916-7075 |
DOI | 10.1016/S0828-282X(09)70062-5 |
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Abstract | The Canadian health care system is mandated to provide reasonable access to health care for all Canadians regardless of age, sex, race, socioeconomic status or place of residence. In the present study, the impact of place of residence in Nova Scotia on access to cardiac catheterization and long-term outcomes following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) were examined.
All patients with an acute MI who were hospitalized between April 1998 and December 2001 were identified. Place of residence was defined by postal code and separated into three categories: metropolitan area (MA); nonmetropolitan urban area (UA); and rural area (RA). Rates of and waiting times for cardiac catheterization were determined, as were risk-adjusted long-term rates of mortality and readmission to the hospital.
A total of 7351 patients were hospitalized with an acute MI during the study period. Rates of cardiac catheterization differed across the three groups (MA 45.6%, UA 37.3%, RA 37.3%; P
<
0.0001), as did mean waiting times (MA 15.0 days, UA 32.1 days, RA 28.7 days) (P
<
0.0001). After adjusting for differences among patients, residence in either UA or RA emerged as an independent predictor of lower rates of cardiac catheterization (UA: hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, P
<
0.0001; RA: HR 0.75, P<0.0001), greater waiting times (UA: an additional 14.1 days, P
<
0.0001; RA: an additional 10.8 days, P
<
0.0001) and increased long-term rates of readmission (UA: HR 1.24, P
=
0.0001; RA: HR 1.12, P
=
0.04).
In patients admitted with an acute MI, residence outside of an MA was associated with diminished rates of cardiac catheterization, longer waiting times and increased rates of readmission. Despite universal health care coverage, Canadians are subject to significant geographical barriers to cardiac catheterization with associated poorer outcomes.
Le système de soins de santé canadien a l’obligation de fournir un accès raisonnable aux soins de santé à tous les Canadiens, peu importe leur âge, leur sexe, leur race, leur statut socioéconomique ou leur lieu de résidence. Dans la présente étude, les auteurs ont analysé l’impact du lieu de résidence sur l’accès au cathétérisme cardiaque et sur le suivi à long terme après un infarctus aigu du myocarde (IAM) en NouvelleÉcosse.
Tous les patients victimes d’un IAM qui ont été hospitalisés entre avril 1998 et décembre 2001 ont été recensés. Le lieu de résidence a été défini par le code postal et regroupé en trois catégories : région métropolitaine (RM), région urbaine non métropolitaine (RU) et région rurale (RR). Les taux de cathétérismes cardiaques et les temps d’attente pour cette intervention ont été vérifiés, tout comme les taux de mortalité et de ré-hospitalisation à long terme ajustés selon le risque.
En tout, 7 351 patients ont été hospitalisés pour IAM au cours de la période étudiée. Les taux de cathétérismes cardiaques ont différé entre les trois groupes (RM 45,6 %, RU 37,3 %, RR 37,3 %) (p
<
0,0001), tout comme les temps d’attente (RM 15,0 jours, RU 32,1 jours, RR 28,7 jours) (p
<
0,0001). Après ajustement pour tenir compte de différences parmi les patients, le fait de résider en RU ou RR s’est avéré être un prédicteur indépendant de taux moindres de cathétérismes cardiaques (RU : rapport des cotes [RC] 0,77, p
<
0,0001; RR : RC 0,75, p
<
0,0001), de temps d’attente plus longs (RU : 14,1 jours de plus, p
<
0,0001; RR : 10,8 jours de plus (p
<
0,0001) et de taux de réhospitalisation à long terme plus élevés (RU : RC 1,24, p
=
0,0001, RR : RC 1,12, p
=
0,04).
Chez les patients admis pour IAM, le fait de résider à l’extérieur d’une RM a été associé à des taux moindres de cathétérismes cardiaques, à des temps d’attente plus long et à un taux plus élevé de réhospitalisation. Malgré le principe d’universalité des soins de santé, les Canadiens sont en butte à des obstacles géographiques qui nuisent à leur accès au cathétérisme cardiaque et assombrissent leur pronostic. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The Canadian health care system is mandated to provide reasonable access to health care for all Canadians regardless of age, sex, race, socioeconomic status or place of residence. In the present study, the impact of place of residence in Nova Scotia on access to cardiac catheterization and long-term outcomes following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) were examined.
All patients with an acute MI who were hospitalized between April 1998 and December 2001 were identified. Place of residence was defined by postal code and separated into three categories: metropolitan area (MA); nonmetropolitan urban area (UA); and rural area (RA). Rates of and waiting times for cardiac catheterization were determined, as were risk-adjusted long-term rates of mortality and readmission to the hospital.
A total of 7351 patients were hospitalized with an acute MI during the study period. Rates of cardiac catheterization differed across the three groups (MA 45.6%, UA 37.3%, RA 37.3%; P
<
0.0001), as did mean waiting times (MA 15.0 days, UA 32.1 days, RA 28.7 days) (P
<
0.0001). After adjusting for differences among patients, residence in either UA or RA emerged as an independent predictor of lower rates of cardiac catheterization (UA: hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, P
<
0.0001; RA: HR 0.75, P<0.0001), greater waiting times (UA: an additional 14.1 days, P
<
0.0001; RA: an additional 10.8 days, P
<
0.0001) and increased long-term rates of readmission (UA: HR 1.24, P
=
0.0001; RA: HR 1.12, P
=
0.04).
In patients admitted with an acute MI, residence outside of an MA was associated with diminished rates of cardiac catheterization, longer waiting times and increased rates of readmission. Despite universal health care coverage, Canadians are subject to significant geographical barriers to cardiac catheterization with associated poorer outcomes.
Le système de soins de santé canadien a l’obligation de fournir un accès raisonnable aux soins de santé à tous les Canadiens, peu importe leur âge, leur sexe, leur race, leur statut socioéconomique ou leur lieu de résidence. Dans la présente étude, les auteurs ont analysé l’impact du lieu de résidence sur l’accès au cathétérisme cardiaque et sur le suivi à long terme après un infarctus aigu du myocarde (IAM) en NouvelleÉcosse.
Tous les patients victimes d’un IAM qui ont été hospitalisés entre avril 1998 et décembre 2001 ont été recensés. Le lieu de résidence a été défini par le code postal et regroupé en trois catégories : région métropolitaine (RM), région urbaine non métropolitaine (RU) et région rurale (RR). Les taux de cathétérismes cardiaques et les temps d’attente pour cette intervention ont été vérifiés, tout comme les taux de mortalité et de ré-hospitalisation à long terme ajustés selon le risque.
En tout, 7 351 patients ont été hospitalisés pour IAM au cours de la période étudiée. Les taux de cathétérismes cardiaques ont différé entre les trois groupes (RM 45,6 %, RU 37,3 %, RR 37,3 %) (p
<
0,0001), tout comme les temps d’attente (RM 15,0 jours, RU 32,1 jours, RR 28,7 jours) (p
<
0,0001). Après ajustement pour tenir compte de différences parmi les patients, le fait de résider en RU ou RR s’est avéré être un prédicteur indépendant de taux moindres de cathétérismes cardiaques (RU : rapport des cotes [RC] 0,77, p
<
0,0001; RR : RC 0,75, p
<
0,0001), de temps d’attente plus longs (RU : 14,1 jours de plus, p
<
0,0001; RR : 10,8 jours de plus (p
<
0,0001) et de taux de réhospitalisation à long terme plus élevés (RU : RC 1,24, p
=
0,0001, RR : RC 1,12, p
=
0,04).
Chez les patients admis pour IAM, le fait de résider à l’extérieur d’une RM a été associé à des taux moindres de cathétérismes cardiaques, à des temps d’attente plus long et à un taux plus élevé de réhospitalisation. Malgré le principe d’universalité des soins de santé, les Canadiens sont en butte à des obstacles géographiques qui nuisent à leur accès au cathétérisme cardiaque et assombrissent leur pronostic. The Canadian health care system is mandated to provide reasonable access to health care for all Canadians regardless of age, sex, race, socioeconomic status or place of residence. In the present study, the impact of place of residence in Nova Scotia on access to cardiac catheterization and long-term outcomes following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) were examined.BACKGROUNDThe Canadian health care system is mandated to provide reasonable access to health care for all Canadians regardless of age, sex, race, socioeconomic status or place of residence. In the present study, the impact of place of residence in Nova Scotia on access to cardiac catheterization and long-term outcomes following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) were examined.All patients with an acute MI who were hospitalized between April 1998 and December 2001 were identified. Place of residence was defined by postal code and separated into three categories: metropolitan area (MA); nonmetropolitan urban area (UA); and rural area (RA). Rates of and waiting times for cardiac catheterization were determined, as were risk-adjusted long-term rates of mortality and readmission to the hospital.METHODSAll patients with an acute MI who were hospitalized between April 1998 and December 2001 were identified. Place of residence was defined by postal code and separated into three categories: metropolitan area (MA); nonmetropolitan urban area (UA); and rural area (RA). Rates of and waiting times for cardiac catheterization were determined, as were risk-adjusted long-term rates of mortality and readmission to the hospital.A total of 7351 patients were hospitalized with an acute MI during the study period. Rates of cardiac catheterization differed across the three groups (MA 45.6%, UA 37.3%, RA 37.3%; P<0.0001), as did mean waiting times (MA 15.0 days, UA 32.1 days, RA 28.7 days) (P<0.0001). After adjusting for differences among patients, residence in either UA or RA emerged as an independent predictor of lower rates of cardiac catheterization (UA: hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, P<0.0001; RA: HR 0.75, P<0.0001), greater waiting times (UA: an additional 14.1 days, P<0.0001; RA: an additional 10.8 days, P<0.0001) and increased long-term rates of readmission (UA: HR 1.24, P=0.0001; RA: HR 1.12, P=0.04).RESULTSA total of 7351 patients were hospitalized with an acute MI during the study period. Rates of cardiac catheterization differed across the three groups (MA 45.6%, UA 37.3%, RA 37.3%; P<0.0001), as did mean waiting times (MA 15.0 days, UA 32.1 days, RA 28.7 days) (P<0.0001). After adjusting for differences among patients, residence in either UA or RA emerged as an independent predictor of lower rates of cardiac catheterization (UA: hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, P<0.0001; RA: HR 0.75, P<0.0001), greater waiting times (UA: an additional 14.1 days, P<0.0001; RA: an additional 10.8 days, P<0.0001) and increased long-term rates of readmission (UA: HR 1.24, P=0.0001; RA: HR 1.12, P=0.04).In patients admitted with an acute MI, residence outside of an MA was associated with diminished rates of cardiac catheterization, longer waiting times and increased rates of readmission. Despite universal health care coverage, Canadians are subject to significant geographical barriers to cardiac catheterization with associated poorer outcomes.CONCLUSIONIn patients admitted with an acute MI, residence outside of an MA was associated with diminished rates of cardiac catheterization, longer waiting times and increased rates of readmission. Despite universal health care coverage, Canadians are subject to significant geographical barriers to cardiac catheterization with associated poorer outcomes. The Canadian health care system is mandated to provide reasonable access to health care for all Canadians regardless of age, sex, race, socioeconomic status or place of residence. In the present study, the impact of place of residence in Nova Scotia on access to cardiac catheterization and long-term outcomes following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) were examined. All patients with an acute MI who were hospitalized between April 1998 and December 2001 were identified. Place of residence was defined by postal code and separated into three categories: metropolitan area (MA); nonmetropolitan urban area (UA); and rural area (RA). Rates of and waiting times for cardiac catheterization were determined, as were risk-adjusted long-term rates of mortality and readmission to the hospital. A total of 7351 patients were hospitalized with an acute MI during the study period. Rates of cardiac catheterization differed across the three groups (MA 45.6%, UA 37.3%, RA 37.3%; P<0.0001), as did mean waiting times (MA 15.0 days, UA 32.1 days, RA 28.7 days) (P<0.0001). After adjusting for differences among patients, residence in either UA or RA emerged as an independent predictor of lower rates of cardiac catheterization (UA: hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, P<0.0001; RA: HR 0.75, P<0.0001), greater waiting times (UA: an additional 14.1 days, P<0.0001; RA: an additional 10.8 days, P<0.0001) and increased long-term rates of readmission (UA: HR 1.24, P=0.0001; RA: HR 1.12, P=0.04). In patients admitted with an acute MI, residence outside of an MA was associated with diminished rates of cardiac catheterization, longer waiting times and increased rates of readmission. Despite universal health care coverage, Canadians are subject to significant geographical barriers to cardiac catheterization with associated poorer outcomes. Background The Canadian health care system is mandated to provide reasonable access to health care for all Canadians regardless of age, sex, race, socioeconomic status or place of residence. In the present study, the impact of place of residence in Nova Scotia on access to cardiac catheterization and long-term outcomes following an acute myocardial infarction (MI) were examined. Methods All patients with an acute MI who were hospitalized between April 1998 and December 2001 were identified. Place of residence was defined by postal code and separated into three categories: metropolitan area (MA); nonmetropolitan urban area (UA); and rural area (RA). Rates of and waiting times for cardiac catheterization were determined, as were risk-adjusted long-term rates of mortality and readmission to the hospital. Results A total of 7351 patients were hospitalized with an acute MI during the study period. Rates of cardiac catheterization differed across the three groups (MA 45.6%, UA 37.3%, RA 37.3%; P < 0.0001), as did mean waiting times (MA 15.0 days, UA 32.1 days, RA 28.7 days) (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for differences among patients, residence in either UA or RA emerged as an independent predictor of lower rates of cardiac catheterization (UA: hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, P < 0.0001; RA: HR 0.75, P<0.0001), greater waiting times (UA: an additional 14.1 days, P < 0.0001; RA: an additional 10.8 days, P < 0.0001) and increased long-term rates of readmission (UA: HR 1.24, P = 0.0001; RA: HR 1.12, P = 0.04). Conclusion In patients admitted with an acute MI, residence outside of an MA was associated with diminished rates of cardiac catheterization, longer waiting times and increased rates of readmission. Despite universal health care coverage, Canadians are subject to significant geographical barriers to cardiac catheterization with associated poorer outcomes. |
Author | Pearce, Neil J. Hassan, Ansar Mathers, Jim Hirsch, Gregory M. Veugelers, Paul J. Cox, Jafna L. |
AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta 3 Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia (ICONS), Halifax, Nova Scotia 2 Division of Cardiology, The General Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, St John’s, Newfoundland 1 Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia 5 Departments of Medicine and Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia – name: 3 Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia (ICONS), Halifax, Nova Scotia – name: 5 Departments of Medicine and Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia – name: 2 Division of Cardiology, The General Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, St John’s, Newfoundland – name: 4 Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ansar surname: Hassan fullname: Hassan, Ansar email: ahassan@dal.ca organization: Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia – sequence: 2 givenname: Neil J. surname: Pearce fullname: Pearce, Neil J. organization: Division of Cardiology, The General Hospital, Health Sciences Centre, St John's, Newfoundland – sequence: 3 givenname: Jim surname: Mathers fullname: Mathers, Jim organization: Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia (ICONS), Halifax, Nova Scotia – sequence: 4 givenname: Paul J. surname: Veugelers fullname: Veugelers, Paul J. organization: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta – sequence: 5 givenname: Gregory M. surname: Hirsch fullname: Hirsch, Gregory M. organization: Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia – sequence: 6 givenname: Jafna L. surname: Cox fullname: Cox, Jafna L. organization: Improving Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nova Scotia (ICONS), Halifax, Nova Scotia |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19340343$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 2009 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2009, Pulsus Group Inc. All rights reserved |
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Keywords | Health outcomes Catheterization Mortality Acute myocardial infarction Outcomes research Epidemiology Morbidity |
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Snippet | The Canadian health care system is mandated to provide reasonable access to health care for all Canadians regardless of age, sex, race, socioeconomic status or... Background The Canadian health care system is mandated to provide reasonable access to health care for all Canadians regardless of age, sex, race,... |
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SubjectTerms | Acute myocardial infarction Aged Cardiac Catheterization - statistics & numerical data Cardiovascular Catheterization Epidemiology Female Health outcomes Health Outcomes/Public Policy Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data Humans Male Middle Aged Morbidity Mortality Myocardial Infarction - therapy Nova Scotia Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Outcomes research Patient Readmission - statistics & numerical data Registries Residence Characteristics Rural Health Services - statistics & numerical data Urban Health Services - statistics & numerical data |
Title | The effect of place of residence on access to invasive cardiac services following acute myocardial infarction |
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