Engineered polyethylene terephthalate hydrolases: perspectives and limits

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling of PET waste requires the complete depolymerization of PET to terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The history of enzymatic PET depolymerizati...

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Published inApplied microbiology and biotechnology Vol. 108; no. 1; p. 404
Main Authors Kawai, Fusako, Iizuka, Ryo, Kawabata, Takeshi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Biodegradation, Environmental
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Depolymerization
Enzymatic activity
enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme activity
Ethylene glycol
Glass transition temperature
Grooves
hydrolases
Hydrolases - chemistry
Hydrolases - genetics
Hydrolases - metabolism
Hydrolysis
industrialization
Life Sciences
Machine learning
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Microplastics
Mini-Review
Plastic debris
Polyethylene terephthalate
polyethylene terephthalates
Polyethylene Terephthalates - chemistry
Polyethylene Terephthalates - metabolism
Protein Engineering - methods
Recycling
State of the art
Substrates
Temperature requirements
Thermal stability
Transition temperatures
wastes
PET hydrolase
Engineering
Crystalline PET
Amorphous PET
Industrial biorecycling
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling of PET waste requires the complete depolymerization of PET to terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The history of enzymatic PET depolymerization has revealed two critical issues for the industrial depolymerization of PET: industrially available PET hydrolases and pretreatment of PET waste to make it susceptible to full enzymatic hydrolysis. As none of the wild-type enzymes can satisfy the requirements for industrialization, various mutational improvements have been performed, through classical technology to state-of-the-art computational/machine-learning technology. Recent engineering studies on PET hydrolases have brought a new insight that flexibility of the substrate-binding groove may improve the efficiency of PET hydrolysis while maintaining sufficient thermostability, although the previous studies focused only on enzymatic thermostability above the glass transition temperature of PET. Industrial biorecycling of PET waste is scheduled to be implemented, using micronized amorphous PET. Next stage must be the development of PET hydrolases that can efficiently degrade crystalline parts of PET and expansion of target PET materials, not only bottles but also textiles, packages, and microplastics. This review discusses the current status of PET hydrolases, their potential applications, and their profespectal goals. Key points • PET hydrolases must be thermophilic, but their operation must be below 70 °C • Classical and state-of-the-art engineering approaches are useful for PET hydrolases • Enzyme activity on crystalline PET is most expected for future PET biorecycling Graphical Abstract
AbstractList Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling of PET waste requires the complete depolymerization of PET to terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The history of enzymatic PET depolymerization has revealed two critical issues for the industrial depolymerization of PET: industrially available PET hydrolases and pretreatment of PET waste to make it susceptible to full enzymatic hydrolysis. As none of the wild-type enzymes can satisfy the requirements for industrialization, various mutational improvements have been performed, through classical technology to state-of-the-art computational/machine-learning technology. Recent engineering studies on PET hydrolases have brought a new insight that flexibility of the substrate-binding groove may improve the efficiency of PET hydrolysis while maintaining sufficient thermostability, although the previous studies focused only on enzymatic thermostability above the glass transition temperature of PET. Industrial biorecycling of PET waste is scheduled to be implemented, using micronized amorphous PET. Next stage must be the development of PET hydrolases that can efficiently degrade crystalline parts of PET and expansion of target PET materials, not only bottles but also textiles, packages, and microplastics. This review discusses the current status of PET hydrolases, their potential applications, and their profespectal goals. Key points • PET hydrolases must be thermophilic, but their operation must be below 70 °C • Classical and state-of-the-art engineering approaches are useful for PET hydrolases • Enzyme activity on crystalline PET is most expected for future PET biorecycling Graphical Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling of PET waste requires the complete depolymerization of PET to terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The history of enzymatic PET depolymerization has revealed two critical issues for the industrial depolymerization of PET: industrially available PET hydrolases and pretreatment of PET waste to make it susceptible to full enzymatic hydrolysis. As none of the wild-type enzymes can satisfy the requirements for industrialization, various mutational improvements have been performed, through classical technology to state-of-the-art computational/machine-learning technology. Recent engineering studies on PET hydrolases have brought a new insight that flexibility of the substrate-binding groove may improve the efficiency of PET hydrolysis while maintaining sufficient thermostability, although the previous studies focused only on enzymatic thermostability above the glass transition temperature of PET. Industrial biorecycling of PET waste is scheduled to be implemented, using micronized amorphous PET. Next stage must be the development of PET hydrolases that can efficiently degrade crystalline parts of PET and expansion of target PET materials, not only bottles but also textiles, packages, and microplastics. This review discusses the current status of PET hydrolases, their potential applications, and their profespectal goals. KEY POINTS: • PET hydrolases must be thermophilic, but their operation must be below 70 °C • Classical and state-of-the-art engineering approaches are useful for PET hydrolases • Enzyme activity on crystalline PET is most expected for future PET biorecycling
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling of PET waste requires the complete depolymerization of PET to terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The history of enzymatic PET depolymerization has revealed two critical issues for the industrial depolymerization of PET: industrially available PET hydrolases and pretreatment of PET waste to make it susceptible to full enzymatic hydrolysis. As none of the wild-type enzymes can satisfy the requirements for industrialization, various mutational improvements have been performed, through classical technology to state-of-the-art computational/machine-learning technology. Recent engineering studies on PET hydrolases have brought a new insight that flexibility of the substrate-binding groove may improve the efficiency of PET hydrolysis while maintaining sufficient thermostability, although the previous studies focused only on enzymatic thermostability above the glass transition temperature of PET. Industrial biorecycling of PET waste is scheduled to be implemented, using micronized amorphous PET. Next stage must be the development of PET hydrolases that can efficiently degrade crystalline parts of PET and expansion of target PET materials, not only bottles but also textiles, packages, and microplastics. This review discusses the current status of PET hydrolases, their potential applications, and their profespectal goals. KEY POINTS: • PET hydrolases must be thermophilic, but their operation must be below 70 °C • Classical and state-of-the-art engineering approaches are useful for PET hydrolases • Enzyme activity on crystalline PET is most expected for future PET biorecycling.Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling of PET waste requires the complete depolymerization of PET to terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The history of enzymatic PET depolymerization has revealed two critical issues for the industrial depolymerization of PET: industrially available PET hydrolases and pretreatment of PET waste to make it susceptible to full enzymatic hydrolysis. As none of the wild-type enzymes can satisfy the requirements for industrialization, various mutational improvements have been performed, through classical technology to state-of-the-art computational/machine-learning technology. Recent engineering studies on PET hydrolases have brought a new insight that flexibility of the substrate-binding groove may improve the efficiency of PET hydrolysis while maintaining sufficient thermostability, although the previous studies focused only on enzymatic thermostability above the glass transition temperature of PET. Industrial biorecycling of PET waste is scheduled to be implemented, using micronized amorphous PET. Next stage must be the development of PET hydrolases that can efficiently degrade crystalline parts of PET and expansion of target PET materials, not only bottles but also textiles, packages, and microplastics. This review discusses the current status of PET hydrolases, their potential applications, and their profespectal goals. KEY POINTS: • PET hydrolases must be thermophilic, but their operation must be below 70 °C • Classical and state-of-the-art engineering approaches are useful for PET hydrolases • Enzyme activity on crystalline PET is most expected for future PET biorecycling.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling of PET waste requires the complete depolymerization of PET to terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The history of enzymatic PET depolymerization has revealed two critical issues for the industrial depolymerization of PET: industrially available PET hydrolases and pretreatment of PET waste to make it susceptible to full enzymatic hydrolysis. As none of the wild-type enzymes can satisfy the requirements for industrialization, various mutational improvements have been performed, through classical technology to state-of-the-art computational/machine-learning technology. Recent engineering studies on PET hydrolases have brought a new insight that flexibility of the substrate-binding groove may improve the efficiency of PET hydrolysis while maintaining sufficient thermostability, although the previous studies focused only on enzymatic thermostability above the glass transition temperature of PET. Industrial biorecycling of PET waste is scheduled to be implemented, using micronized amorphous PET. Next stage must be the development of PET hydrolases that can efficiently degrade crystalline parts of PET and expansion of target PET materials, not only bottles but also textiles, packages, and microplastics. This review discusses the current status of PET hydrolases, their potential applications, and their profespectal goals. KEY POINTS: • PET hydrolases must be thermophilic, but their operation must be below 70 °C • Classical and state-of-the-art engineering approaches are useful for PET hydrolases • Enzyme activity on crystalline PET is most expected for future PET biorecycling.
ArticleNumber 404
Author Kawai, Fusako
Kawabata, Takeshi
Iizuka, Ryo
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  fullname: Kawai, Fusako
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  organization: Graduate School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Okayama University
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  surname: Iizuka
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  organization: Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
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  givenname: Takeshi
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0032-9688
  surname: Kawabata
  fullname: Kawabata, Takeshi
  organization: Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38953996$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords PET hydrolase
Engineering
Crystalline PET
Amorphous PET
Industrial biorecycling
Language English
License 2024. The Author(s).
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  publication-title: FEBS J
  doi: 10.1111/febs.16736
– volume: 10
  start-page: 592
  year: 2015
  ident: 13222_CR76
  publication-title: Biotechnol J
  doi: 10.1002/biot.201400620
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Snippet Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a major component of plastic waste. Enzymatic PET hydrolysis is the most ecofriendly recycling technology. The biorecycling...
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SubjectTerms Biodegradation, Environmental
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
Depolymerization
Enzymatic activity
enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzyme activity
Ethylene glycol
Glass transition temperature
Grooves
hydrolases
Hydrolases - chemistry
Hydrolases - genetics
Hydrolases - metabolism
Hydrolysis
industrialization
Life Sciences
Machine learning
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Microplastics
Mini-Review
Plastic debris
Polyethylene terephthalate
polyethylene terephthalates
Polyethylene Terephthalates - chemistry
Polyethylene Terephthalates - metabolism
Protein Engineering - methods
Recycling
State of the art
Substrates
Temperature requirements
Thermal stability
Transition temperatures
wastes
Title Engineered polyethylene terephthalate hydrolases: perspectives and limits
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-024-13222-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38953996
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3074854239
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3075374295
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3153670077
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11219463
Volume 108
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