Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetiz...
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| Published in | The Science of the total environment Vol. 730; p. 139086 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
15.08.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO2 (−52.68%) and CO (−30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment.
[Display omitted]
•PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations reduced by about half in compare to the pre-lockdown•NO2 and CO have also shown considerable decline during lockdown.•In the transportation and industrial location air quality have improved close to 60%.•The central and Eastern Delhi have experienced maximum improvement in air quality.•On the 2nd and 4th day of lockdown, about 40% to 50% improvement in air quality |
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| AbstractList | Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃ and NH₃) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO₂ (−52.68%) and CO (−30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO2 (-52.68%) and CO (-30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment.Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO2 (-52.68%) and CO (-30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM , PM , SO , NO , CO, O and NH ) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM and PM have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM and PM is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO (-52.68%) and CO (-30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO2 (−52.68%) and CO (−30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment. [Display omitted] •PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations reduced by about half in compare to the pre-lockdown•NO2 and CO have also shown considerable decline during lockdown.•In the transportation and industrial location air quality have improved close to 60%.•The central and Eastern Delhi have experienced maximum improvement in air quality.•On the 2nd and 4th day of lockdown, about 40% to 50% improvement in air quality Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, O 3 and NH 3 ) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 have witnessed maximum reduction (>50%) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM 10 and PM 2.5 is as high as about 60% and 39% respectively. Among other pollutants, NO 2 (−52.68%) and CO (−30.35%) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40% to 50% improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54%, 49%, 43%, 37% and 31% reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment. Unlabelled Image • PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations reduced by about half in compare to the pre-lockdown • NO 2 and CO have also shown considerable decline during lockdown. • In the transportation and industrial location air quality have improved close to 60%. • The central and Eastern Delhi have experienced maximum improvement in air quality. • On the 2nd and 4th day of lockdown, about 40% to 50% improvement in air quality |
| ArticleNumber | 139086 |
| Author | Ghosh, Krishna Gopal Mahato, Susanta Pal, Swades |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Susanta orcidid: 0000-0002-6437-2642 surname: Mahato fullname: Mahato, Susanta email: mahatosusanta2011@gmail.com – sequence: 2 givenname: Swades surname: Pal fullname: Pal, Swades email: swadeshpal82@gmail.com – sequence: 3 givenname: Krishna Gopal surname: Ghosh fullname: Ghosh, Krishna Gopal email: krishna.geog@presiuniv.ac.in |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32375105$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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37 Thom (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0330) 1975 Heal (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0125) 2012; 41 Kyrkilis (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0170) 2007; 33 Kanawade (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0145) 2020; 222 Gurjar (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0120) 2008; 42 Babcock (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb2045) 1972 Saadat (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0270) 2020 CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0075) SAD (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0275) 2014 CEA (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0045) 2016 Gorai (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0105) 2017; 17 Murena (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0220) 2004; 38 WHO: World Health Organization (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0410) 2014 Maynard (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0185) 1999 Amann (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0005) 2017; 161 Sharma (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0285) 2020; 728 Zhu (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb2020) 2020; 727 NCR: National Capital Region (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0230) 2013 Dholakia (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086_bb0090) 2013; 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| SubjectTerms | Air Pollutants Air Pollution air quality Betacoronavirus Change of air quality Cities Coronavirus Infections COVID-19 COVID-19 infection environment Environmental Monitoring Humans India Lockdown Megacity Delhi National Air quality Index Pandemics Particulate Matter Pneumonia, Viral pollutants SARS-CoV-2 |
| Title | Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India |
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