Observations of a large-scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere
In this paper we report the detection of a large‐scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere on 28 July 2006. Specifically, after being launched at the northern auroral region on the dayside, this wave propagated equatorward with phase speeds on the...
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| Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 42; no. 16; pp. 6560 - 6565 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
28.08.2015
John Wiley & Sons, Inc |
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| Abstract | In this paper we report the detection of a large‐scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere on 28 July 2006. Specifically, after being launched at the northern auroral region on the dayside, this wave propagated equatorward with phase speeds on the order of ∼720 m/s and finally almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere prior to dissipation. The time taken to dissipate is about 15.5 h. It is the farthest‐traveling large‐scale gravity wave currently tracked by satellite measurements, made possible by a sudden injection of energy in an unusually clean propagation environment. This experiment of opportunity serves as an important step in furthering our theoretical understanding of gravity wave propagation and dissipation in the thermosphere.
Key Points
A compressed Bz within SIR resulted in sudden high‐latitude energy injection
Sudden energy injection generated gravity waves in the auroral regions
A wave almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | In this paper we report the detection of a large‐scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere on 28 July 2006. Specifically, after being launched at the northern auroral region on the dayside, this wave propagated equatorward with phase speeds on the order of ∼720 m/s and finally almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere prior to dissipation. The time taken to dissipate is about 15.5 h. It is the farthest‐traveling large‐scale gravity wave currently tracked by satellite measurements, made possible by a sudden injection of energy in an unusually clean propagation environment. This experiment of opportunity serves as an important step in furthering our theoretical understanding of gravity wave propagation and dissipation in the thermosphere.
A compressed B
z
within SIR resulted in sudden high‐latitude energy injection
Sudden energy injection generated gravity waves in the auroral regions
A wave almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere In this paper we report the detection of a large-scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere on 28 July 2006. Specifically, after being launched at the northern auroral region on the dayside, this wave propagated equatorward with phase speeds on the order of 720 m/s and finally almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere prior to dissipation. The time taken to dissipate is about 15.5 h. It is the farthest-traveling large-scale gravity wave currently tracked by satellite measurements, made possible by a sudden injection of energy in an unusually clean propagation environment. This experiment of opportunity serves as an important step in furthering our theoretical understanding of gravity wave propagation and dissipation in the thermosphere. Key Points * A compressed B sub(z) within SIR resulted in sudden high-latitude energy injection * Sudden energy injection generated gravity waves in the auroral regions * A wave almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere In this paper we report the detection of a large-scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere on 28 July 2006. Specifically, after being launched at the northern auroral region on the dayside, this wave propagated equatorward with phase speeds on the order of 720 m/s and finally almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere prior to dissipation. The time taken to dissipate is about 15.5 h. It is the farthest-traveling large-scale gravity wave currently tracked by satellite measurements, made possible by a sudden injection of energy in an unusually clean propagation environment. This experiment of opportunity serves as an important step in furthering our theoretical understanding of gravity wave propagation and dissipation in the thermosphere. In this paper we report the detection of a large‐scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere on 28 July 2006. Specifically, after being launched at the northern auroral region on the dayside, this wave propagated equatorward with phase speeds on the order of ∼720 m/s and finally almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere prior to dissipation. The time taken to dissipate is about 15.5 h. It is the farthest‐traveling large‐scale gravity wave currently tracked by satellite measurements, made possible by a sudden injection of energy in an unusually clean propagation environment. This experiment of opportunity serves as an important step in furthering our theoretical understanding of gravity wave propagation and dissipation in the thermosphere. Key Points A compressed Bz within SIR resulted in sudden high‐latitude energy injection Sudden energy injection generated gravity waves in the auroral regions A wave almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere In this paper we report the detection of a large‐scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere on 28 July 2006. Specifically, after being launched at the northern auroral region on the dayside, this wave propagated equatorward with phase speeds on the order of ∼720 m/s and finally almost traveled around the Earth once horizontally in the thermosphere prior to dissipation. The time taken to dissipate is about 15.5 h. It is the farthest‐traveling large‐scale gravity wave currently tracked by satellite measurements, made possible by a sudden injection of energy in an unusually clean propagation environment. This experiment of opportunity serves as an important step in furthering our theoretical understanding of gravity wave propagation and dissipation in the thermosphere. |
| Author | Emery, Barbara A. Guo, Jianpeng Feng, Xueshang Forbes, Jeffrey M. Wei, Fengsi Liu, Huixin Wan, Weixing Deng, Yue Liu, Chaoxu Yang, Zhiliang |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1029/2008JD010135 10.1016/j.jastp.2010.06.010 10.1029/2008GL034075 10.1007/BF00177800 10.1029/2009GL038165 10.1029/2005JA011270 10.1016/j.asr.2014.11.020 10.1029/93JA02015 10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.031 10.1002/2014JA020255 10.1029/2002JA009430 10.1029/2007JA012866 10.1029/95JA00065 10.1016/0021-9169(75)90012-4 10.1029/2006JA012199 10.1029/JA083iA09p04131 |
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| References | Weimer, D. R. (2005), Predicting surface geomagnetic variations using ionospheric electrodynamic models, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12307, doi:10.1029/2005JA011270. Francis, S. H. (1975), Global propagation of atmospheric gravity waves: A review, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 37, 1011-1054. Liu, H., H. Lühr, and S. Watanabe (2007), Climatology of the equatorial thermospheric mass density anomaly, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05305, doi:10.1029/2006JA012199. Mayr, H. G., I. Harris, F. A. Herrero, N. W. Spencer, F. Varosi, and W. D. Pesnell (1990), Thermospheric gravity waves: Observations and interpretation using the transfer function model (TFM), Space Sci. Rev., 54, 297-375. Richmond, A. D. (1978), Gravity wave generation, propagation, and dissipation in the thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 4131-4145, doi:10.1029/JA083iA09p04131. Yiğit, E., and A. S. Medvedev (2015), Internal wave coupling processes in Earth's atmosphere, Adv. Space Res., 55, 983-1003, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2014.11.020. Yiğit, E., A. D. Aylward, and A. S. Medvedev (2008), Parameterization of the effects of vertically propagating gravity waves for thermosphere general circulation models: Sensitivity study, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D19106, doi:10.1029/2008JD010135. Bruinsma, S. L., and J. M. Forbes (2010), Large-scale traveling atmospheric disturbances (LSTADs) in the thermosphere inferred from CHAMP, GRACE, and SETA accelerometer data, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 72, 1057-1066. Emery, B. A., V. Coumans, D. S. Evans, G. A. Germany, M. S. Greer, E. Holeman, K. Kadinsky-Cade, R. J. Rich, and W. Xu (2008), Seasonal, Kp, solar wind, and solar flux variations in long-term single-pass satellite estimates of electron and ion auroral hemispheric power, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A06311, doi:10.1029/2007JA012866. Guo, J., H. Liu, X. Feng, W. Wan, Y. Deng, and C. Liu (2014), Constructive interference of large-scale gravity waves excited by interplanetary shock on 29 October 2003: CHAMP observation, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119, 6846-6851, doi:10.1002/2014JA020255. Liu, H., H. Lühr, and S. Watanabe (2009), A solar terminator wave in thermospheric wind and density simultaneously observed by CHAMP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L10109, doi:10.1029/2009GL038165. Forbes, J. M., F. A. Marcos, and F. Kamalabadi (1995), Wave structures in lower thermosphere density from Satellite Electrostatic Triaxial Accelerometer (SETA) measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,693-14,702. Sutton, E. K. (2011), Accelerometer-derived atmospheric densities from the CHAMP and GRACE accelerometers: Version 2.3, Tech. Memo, Air Force Res. Lab., Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. Fuller-Rowell, T. J., M. V. Codrescu, R. J. Moffett, and S. Quegan (1994), Response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A3), 3893-3914, doi:10.1029/93JA02015. Bruinsma, S. L., and J. M. Forbes (2009), Properties of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) inferred from CHAMP accelerometer observations, Adv. Space Res., 43, 369-376, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.031. Picone, J. M., A. E. Hedin, D. P. Drob, and A. C. Aikin (2002), NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A12), 1468, doi:10.1029/2002JA009430. Forbes, J. M., S. L. Bruinsma, Y. Miyoshi, and H. Fujiwara (2008), A solar terminator wave in thermosphere neutral densities measured by the CHAMP satellite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14802, doi:10.1029/2008GL034075. 2014; 119 2007; 112 2009; 36 1990; 54 2009; 43 2005; 110 2011 1978; 83 2015; 55 1994; 99 2002; 107 1975; 37 2008; 35 1995; 100 2008; 113 2010; 72 Sutton E. K. (e_1_2_6_15_1) 2011 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_9_1 e_1_2_6_8_1 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_4_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_13_1 e_1_2_6_14_1 e_1_2_6_3_1 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_2_1 e_1_2_6_12_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_18_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Francis, S. H. (1975), Global propagation of atmospheric gravity waves: A review, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 37, 1011-1054. – reference: Emery, B. A., V. Coumans, D. S. Evans, G. A. Germany, M. S. Greer, E. Holeman, K. Kadinsky-Cade, R. J. Rich, and W. Xu (2008), Seasonal, Kp, solar wind, and solar flux variations in long-term single-pass satellite estimates of electron and ion auroral hemispheric power, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A06311, doi:10.1029/2007JA012866. – reference: Liu, H., H. Lühr, and S. Watanabe (2009), A solar terminator wave in thermospheric wind and density simultaneously observed by CHAMP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L10109, doi:10.1029/2009GL038165. – reference: Guo, J., H. Liu, X. Feng, W. Wan, Y. Deng, and C. Liu (2014), Constructive interference of large-scale gravity waves excited by interplanetary shock on 29 October 2003: CHAMP observation, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 119, 6846-6851, doi:10.1002/2014JA020255. – reference: Bruinsma, S. L., and J. M. Forbes (2009), Properties of traveling atmospheric disturbances (TADs) inferred from CHAMP accelerometer observations, Adv. Space Res., 43, 369-376, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.031. – reference: Bruinsma, S. L., and J. M. Forbes (2010), Large-scale traveling atmospheric disturbances (LSTADs) in the thermosphere inferred from CHAMP, GRACE, and SETA accelerometer data, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 72, 1057-1066. – reference: Picone, J. M., A. E. Hedin, D. P. Drob, and A. C. Aikin (2002), NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A12), 1468, doi:10.1029/2002JA009430. – reference: Forbes, J. M., F. A. Marcos, and F. Kamalabadi (1995), Wave structures in lower thermosphere density from Satellite Electrostatic Triaxial Accelerometer (SETA) measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,693-14,702. – reference: Mayr, H. G., I. Harris, F. A. Herrero, N. W. Spencer, F. Varosi, and W. D. Pesnell (1990), Thermospheric gravity waves: Observations and interpretation using the transfer function model (TFM), Space Sci. Rev., 54, 297-375. – reference: Yiğit, E., and A. S. Medvedev (2015), Internal wave coupling processes in Earth's atmosphere, Adv. Space Res., 55, 983-1003, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2014.11.020. – reference: Fuller-Rowell, T. J., M. V. Codrescu, R. J. Moffett, and S. Quegan (1994), Response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to geomagnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 99(A3), 3893-3914, doi:10.1029/93JA02015. – reference: Richmond, A. D. (1978), Gravity wave generation, propagation, and dissipation in the thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 4131-4145, doi:10.1029/JA083iA09p04131. – reference: Forbes, J. M., S. L. Bruinsma, Y. Miyoshi, and H. Fujiwara (2008), A solar terminator wave in thermosphere neutral densities measured by the CHAMP satellite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L14802, doi:10.1029/2008GL034075. – reference: Weimer, D. R. (2005), Predicting surface geomagnetic variations using ionospheric electrodynamic models, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12307, doi:10.1029/2005JA011270. – reference: Sutton, E. K. (2011), Accelerometer-derived atmospheric densities from the CHAMP and GRACE accelerometers: Version 2.3, Tech. Memo, Air Force Res. Lab., Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. – reference: Liu, H., H. Lühr, and S. Watanabe (2007), Climatology of the equatorial thermospheric mass density anomaly, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A05305, doi:10.1029/2006JA012199. – reference: Yiğit, E., A. D. Aylward, and A. S. Medvedev (2008), Parameterization of the effects of vertically propagating gravity waves for thermosphere general circulation models: Sensitivity study, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D19106, doi:10.1029/2008JD010135. – volume: 83 start-page: 4131 year: 1978 end-page: 4145 article-title: Gravity wave generation, propagation, and dissipation in the thermosphere publication-title: J. Geophys. 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| Snippet | In this paper we report the detection of a large‐scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere on 28 July... In this paper we report the detection of a large-scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere on 28 July... |
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| SubjectTerms | Atmosphere Auroral zones Clean energy Compressed Detection Dissipation Distance Earth Energy Equatorial regions Geophysics Gravitation Gravitational waves Gravity gravity wave Gravity wave propagation Gravity waves Horizontal Inertia Injection Phase velocity Propagation Satellite tracking Satellites SIR Temperature Thermosphere Wave propagation |
| Title | Observations of a large-scale gravity wave propagating over an extremely large horizontal distance in the thermosphere |
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