Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics

The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternati...

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Published inPharmaceutics Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 1550
Main Authors Jati, Suborno, Mahata, Sumana, Das, Soumita, Chatterjee, Saurabh, Mahata, Sushil K
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 20.05.2023
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Abstract The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA ; bCgA ) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST (aka cateslytin), D-bCST , and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".
AbstractList The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”. The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352–372; bCgA344–364) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST1–15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST1–15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST1–15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST1–15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST1–15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST1–15, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.
The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”. The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA 352–372 ; bCgA 344–364 ) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST 1–15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST 1–15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST 1–15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST 1–15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST 1–15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST 1–15 , and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.
The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA ; bCgA ) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST (aka cateslytin), D-bCST , and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".
The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372; bCgA344-364) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST1-15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST1-15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST1-15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST1-15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST1-15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST1-15, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372; bCgA344-364) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST1-15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST1-15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST1-15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST1-15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST1-15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST1-15, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".
The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA[sub.352-372]; bCgA[sub.344-364]) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST[sub.1-15] aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST[sub.1-15] (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST[sub.1-15] potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST[sub.1-15] neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST[sub.1-15] (aka cateslytin), D-bCST[sub.1-15], and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".
Audience Academic
Author Das, Soumita
Jati, Suborno
Mahata, Sushil K
Mahata, Sumana
Chatterjee, Saurabh
AuthorAffiliation 5 VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; sumahata@health.ucsd.edu
3 Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; soumita_das@uml.edu
1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; sjati@ucsd.edu
4 Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; saurabhc@hs.uci.edu
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; sjati@ucsd.edu
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– name: 5 VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
– name: 2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; sumahata@health.ucsd.edu
– name: 4 Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; saurabhc@hs.uci.edu
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  givenname: Sumana
  surname: Mahata
  fullname: Mahata, Sumana
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37242791$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 5
Keywords catestatin
cell permeable peptide
Chromogranin A
gut microbiome
antimicrobial peptide
Language English
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
Dedicated to Marie Helene Metz-Boutigue for establishing catestatin as an antimicrobial and a cell permeable peptide.
ORCID 0000-0003-1649-7149
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crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics15051550
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PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-05-20
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-05-20
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-05-20
  day: 20
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Pharmaceutics
PublicationTitleAlternate Pharmaceutics
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
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Snippet The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health...
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SubjectTerms Amino acids
Antibacterial agents
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
antimicrobial peptide
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Catecholamines
catestatin
cell permeable peptide
Cholera
Chromogranin A
Drug resistance
E coli
Fungal infections
Fungi
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
gut microbiome
Membranes
Peptides
Review
Salmonella
Tropical diseases
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Title Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics
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Volume 15
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