Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics
The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternati...
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Published in | Pharmaceutics Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 1550 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
20.05.2023
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Abstract | The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA
; bCgA
) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST
aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST
(where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST
potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST
neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST
(aka cateslytin), D-bCST
, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". |
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AbstractList | The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”. The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352–372; bCgA344–364) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST1–15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST1–15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST1–15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST1–15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST1–15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST1–15, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”. The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”. The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA 352–372 ; bCgA 344–364 ) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST 1–15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST 1–15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST 1–15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST 1–15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST 1–15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST 1–15 , and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”. The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA ; bCgA ) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST (aka cateslytin), D-bCST , and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372; bCgA344-364) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST1-15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST1-15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST1-15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST1-15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST1-15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST1-15, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372; bCgA344-364) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST1-15 aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST1-15 (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST1-15 potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST1-15 neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST1-15 (aka cateslytin), D-bCST1-15, and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The rapid increase in drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant infections poses a serious challenge to antimicrobial therapies, and has created a global health crisis. Since antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have escaped bacterial resistance throughout evolution, AMPs are a category of potential alternatives for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". The Chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA[sub.352-372]; bCgA[sub.344-364]) was initially identified in 1997 as an acute nicotinic-cholinergic antagonist. Subsequently, CST was established as a pleiotropic hormone. In 2005, it was reported that N-terminal 15 amino acids of bovine CST (bCST[sub.1-15] aka cateslytin) exert antibacterial, antifungal, and antiyeast effects without showing any hemolytic effects. In 2017, D-bCST[sub.1-15] (where L-amino acids were changed to D-amino acids) was shown to exert very effective antimicrobial effects against various bacterial strains. Beyond antimicrobial effects, D-bCST[sub.1-15] potentiated (additive/synergistic) antibacterial effects of cefotaxime, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Furthermore, D-bCST[sub.1-15] neither triggered bacterial resistance nor elicited cytokine release. The present review will highlight the antimicrobial effects of CST, bCST[sub.1-15] (aka cateslytin), D-bCST[sub.1-15], and human variants of CST (Gly364Ser-CST and Pro370Leu-CST); evolutionary conservation of CST in mammals; and their potential as a therapy for antibiotic-resistant "superbugs". |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Das, Soumita Jati, Suborno Mahata, Sushil K Mahata, Sumana Chatterjee, Saurabh |
AuthorAffiliation | 5 VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA 2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; sumahata@health.ucsd.edu 3 Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; soumita_das@uml.edu 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; sjati@ucsd.edu 4 Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; saurabhc@hs.uci.edu |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; sjati@ucsd.edu – name: 3 Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; soumita_das@uml.edu – name: 5 VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA – name: 2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; sumahata@health.ucsd.edu – name: 4 Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; saurabhc@hs.uci.edu |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Suborno surname: Jati fullname: Jati, Suborno organization: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Sumana surname: Mahata fullname: Mahata, Sumana organization: Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Soumita surname: Das fullname: Das, Soumita organization: Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Saurabh orcidid: 0000-0003-1649-7149 surname: Chatterjee fullname: Chatterjee, Saurabh organization: Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Sushil K surname: Mahata fullname: Mahata, Sushil K organization: VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37242791$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s00253_023_12884_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00018_023_04908_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_peptides_2023_171147 |
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Keywords | catestatin cell permeable peptide Chromogranin A gut microbiome antimicrobial peptide |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to this work. Dedicated to Marie Helene Metz-Boutigue for establishing catestatin as an antimicrobial and a cell permeable peptide. |
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SubjectTerms | Amino acids Antibacterial agents Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents antimicrobial peptide Bacteria Bacterial infections Catecholamines catestatin cell permeable peptide Cholera Chromogranin A Drug resistance E coli Fungal infections Fungi Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria gut microbiome Membranes Peptides Review Salmonella Tropical diseases |
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Title | Catestatin: Antimicrobial Functions and Potential Therapeutics |
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