Multi-scale analysis of the characteristics of the changing landscape of the typical mountainous region of Southwest China over the past 40 years
Yunnan Province is an important ecological security barrier in China. This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes to landscape ecology and is of great significance for guiding landscape protection and future socio-economic development. To analyze the temporal and spatial changes of the...
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| Published in | PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 9; p. e10923 |
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| Language | English |
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| Abstract | Yunnan Province is an important ecological security barrier in China. This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes to landscape ecology and is of great significance for guiding landscape protection and future socio-economic development.
To analyze the temporal and spatial changes of the landscape patterns at the county, river basin, and provincial levels, and clarify and describe the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape patterns in Yunnan Province.
Based on landscape ecology, GIS spatial analysis, and spatio-temporal change analysis, nine landscape pattern indices, and spatial autocorrelation for different years, were calculated.
The landscape of Yunnan Province has evolved as a whole toward isolation. The indices of separation and fragmentation changed significantly from 2010 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018 the rate of fragmentation decreased. Fragmentation in the Nu Jiang and Irrawaddy River basins was less than in other basins. The landscape patterns of the Jinsha and Pearl River basins were relatively fragmented due to human activity, socioeconomic development, and utilization. The differences between the Lancang and Red River Basins were relatively small and at an intermediate level.
Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that there are three areas with typical clusters, namely the Hengduan Mountains where the degree of fragmentation of the landscape was low, while landscape connectivity and aggregation were high. The subtropical region of Southern Yunnan displayed high landscape heterogeneity, a complex shape index, and high connectivity and sprawl. Central Yunnan exhibited a fragmented landscape with poor connectivity and aggregation. These three regions correspond with "the three screens and two belts" in the Main Functional Planning Area of Yunnan Province. |
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| AbstractList | Context Yunnan Province is an important ecological security barrier in China. This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes to landscape ecology and is of great significance for guiding landscape protection and future socio-economic development. Objectives To analyze the temporal and spatial changes of the landscape patterns at the county, river basin, and provincial levels, and clarify and describe the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape patterns in Yunnan Province. Methods Based on landscape ecology, GIS spatial analysis, and spatio-temporal change analysis, nine landscape pattern indices, and spatial autocorrelation for different years, were calculated. Results The landscape of Yunnan Province has evolved as a whole toward isolation. The indices of separation and fragmentation changed significantly from 2010 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018 the rate of fragmentation decreased. Fragmentation in the Nu Jiang and Irrawaddy River basins was less than in other basins. The landscape patterns of the Jinsha and Pearl River basins were relatively fragmented due to human activity, socioeconomic development, and utilization. The differences between the Lancang and Red River Basins were relatively small and at an intermediate level. Conclusions Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that there are three areas with typical clusters, namely the Hengduan Mountains where the degree of fragmentation of the landscape was low, while landscape connectivity and aggregation were high. The subtropical region of Southern Yunnan displayed high landscape heterogeneity, a complex shape index, and high connectivity and sprawl. Central Yunnan exhibited a fragmented landscape with poor connectivity and aggregation. These three regions correspond with "the three screens and two belts" in the Main Functional Planning Area of Yunnan Province. Yunnan Province is an important ecological security barrier in China. This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes to landscape ecology and is of great significance for guiding landscape protection and future socio-economic development. To analyze the temporal and spatial changes of the landscape patterns at the county, river basin, and provincial levels, and clarify and describe the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape patterns in Yunnan Province. Based on landscape ecology, GIS spatial analysis, and spatio-temporal change analysis, nine landscape pattern indices, and spatial autocorrelation for different years, were calculated. The landscape of Yunnan Province has evolved as a whole toward isolation. The indices of separation and fragmentation changed significantly from 2010 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018 the rate of fragmentation decreased. Fragmentation in the Nu Jiang and Irrawaddy River basins was less than in other basins. The landscape patterns of the Jinsha and Pearl River basins were relatively fragmented due to human activity, socioeconomic development, and utilization. The differences between the Lancang and Red River Basins were relatively small and at an intermediate level. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that there are three areas with typical clusters, namely the Hengduan Mountains where the degree of fragmentation of the landscape was low, while landscape connectivity and aggregation were high. The subtropical region of Southern Yunnan displayed high landscape heterogeneity, a complex shape index, and high connectivity and sprawl. Central Yunnan exhibited a fragmented landscape with poor connectivity and aggregation. These three regions correspond with "the three screens and two belts" in the Main Functional Planning Area of Yunnan Province. Yunnan Province is an important ecological security barrier in China. This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes to landscape ecology and is of great significance for guiding landscape protection and future socio-economic development. To analyze the temporal and spatial changes of the landscape patterns at the county, river basin, and provincial levels, and clarify and describe the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape patterns in Yunnan Province. Based on landscape ecology, GIS spatial analysis, and spatio-temporal change analysis, nine landscape pattern indices, and spatial autocorrelation for different years, were calculated. The landscape of Yunnan Province has evolved as a whole toward isolation. The indices of separation and fragmentation changed significantly from 2010 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018 the rate of fragmentation decreased. Fragmentation in the Nu Jiang and Irrawaddy River basins was less than in other basins. The landscape patterns of the Jinsha and Pearl River basins were relatively fragmented due to human activity, socioeconomic development, and utilization. The differences between the Lancang and Red River Basins were relatively small and at an intermediate level. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that there are three areas with typical clusters, namely the Hengduan Mountains where the degree of fragmentation of the landscape was low, while landscape connectivity and aggregation were high. The subtropical region of Southern Yunnan displayed high landscape heterogeneity, a complex shape index, and high connectivity and sprawl. Central Yunnan exhibited a fragmented landscape with poor connectivity and aggregation. These three regions correspond with "the three screens and two belts" in the Main Functional Planning Area of Yunnan Province. Yunnan Province is an important ecological security barrier in China. This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes to landscape ecology and is of great significance for guiding landscape protection and future socio-economic development.CONTEXTYunnan Province is an important ecological security barrier in China. This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes to landscape ecology and is of great significance for guiding landscape protection and future socio-economic development.To analyze the temporal and spatial changes of the landscape patterns at the county, river basin, and provincial levels, and clarify and describe the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape patterns in Yunnan Province.OBJECTIVESTo analyze the temporal and spatial changes of the landscape patterns at the county, river basin, and provincial levels, and clarify and describe the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape patterns in Yunnan Province.Based on landscape ecology, GIS spatial analysis, and spatio-temporal change analysis, nine landscape pattern indices, and spatial autocorrelation for different years, were calculated.METHODSBased on landscape ecology, GIS spatial analysis, and spatio-temporal change analysis, nine landscape pattern indices, and spatial autocorrelation for different years, were calculated.The landscape of Yunnan Province has evolved as a whole toward isolation. The indices of separation and fragmentation changed significantly from 2010 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018 the rate of fragmentation decreased. Fragmentation in the Nu Jiang and Irrawaddy River basins was less than in other basins. The landscape patterns of the Jinsha and Pearl River basins were relatively fragmented due to human activity, socioeconomic development, and utilization. The differences between the Lancang and Red River Basins were relatively small and at an intermediate level.RESULTSThe landscape of Yunnan Province has evolved as a whole toward isolation. The indices of separation and fragmentation changed significantly from 2010 to 2015. From 2015 to 2018 the rate of fragmentation decreased. Fragmentation in the Nu Jiang and Irrawaddy River basins was less than in other basins. The landscape patterns of the Jinsha and Pearl River basins were relatively fragmented due to human activity, socioeconomic development, and utilization. The differences between the Lancang and Red River Basins were relatively small and at an intermediate level.Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that there are three areas with typical clusters, namely the Hengduan Mountains where the degree of fragmentation of the landscape was low, while landscape connectivity and aggregation were high. The subtropical region of Southern Yunnan displayed high landscape heterogeneity, a complex shape index, and high connectivity and sprawl. Central Yunnan exhibited a fragmented landscape with poor connectivity and aggregation. These three regions correspond with "the three screens and two belts" in the Main Functional Planning Area of Yunnan Province.CONCLUSIONSSpatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that there are three areas with typical clusters, namely the Hengduan Mountains where the degree of fragmentation of the landscape was low, while landscape connectivity and aggregation were high. The subtropical region of Southern Yunnan displayed high landscape heterogeneity, a complex shape index, and high connectivity and sprawl. Central Yunnan exhibited a fragmented landscape with poor connectivity and aggregation. These three regions correspond with "the three screens and two belts" in the Main Functional Planning Area of Yunnan Province. |
| ArticleNumber | e10923 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Zhang, Xingzi Wang, Wanbin Ren, Jing Wang, Jinliang Liu, Fang Liu, Yuexiong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Fang surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Fang organization: Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China, Yunnan Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China, Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Wanbin surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Wanbin organization: Yunnan Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Jinliang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jinliang organization: Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China, Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Xingzi surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xingzi organization: Yunnan Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Jing surname: Ren fullname: Ren, Jing organization: Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China, Yunnan Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Yuexiong surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yuexiong organization: Yunnan Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34040890$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1080_10106049_2024_2390491 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_70131 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaesx_2024_100183 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_023_30420_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s10980_024_01857_5 |
| Cites_doi | 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9829.2005.01.015 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8158.2009.01.007 10.1007/s10113-019-01504-9 10.1016/s0304-3800(02)00255-7 10.11821/dlxb201805001 10.1007/BF02447515 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.09.031 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7852.2003.03.006 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6923.1999.05.017 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2011.12.021 10.1023/A:1020512723753 10.5846/stxb201012071745 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2002.03.014 10.1007/978-3-642-01976-0_10 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08324 10.1016/j.rse.2005.08.012 10.13292/j.1000-4890.201603.022 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2005.05.037 10.12078/2018070201 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6929.2006.03.011 10.1023/B:LAND.0000030442.96122.ef 10.7540/j.ynu.20160636 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2001.01.009 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2003.03.002 10.1007/BF00157696 |
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| Snippet | Yunnan Province is an important ecological security barrier in China. This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes to landscape ecology and is of... Context Yunnan Province is an important ecological security barrier in China. This study investigated the temporal and spatial changes to landscape ecology and... |
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| SubjectTerms | Accuracy Altitude Analysis Basins Biodiversity Ecology Geographic information systems Grasslands Land use Landscape Landscape ecology Landscape pattern index Landscape protection Reservoirs River basins River ecology Rivers Spatial and Geographic Information Science Spatial autocorrelation Yunnan Province |
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| Title | Multi-scale analysis of the characteristics of the changing landscape of the typical mountainous region of Southwest China over the past 40 years |
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