Gross motor coordination and their relationship with body mass and physical activity level during growth in Children aged 8–11 years old: a longitudinal and allometric approach
Gross motor coordination (GMC) is fundamental to the harmonious development of physical skills during the growth of children. This research aimed to explore the developmental changes in GMC during childhood, having controlled for the differences in children's body size and shape using a longitu...
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| Published in | PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 10; p. e13483 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
PeerJ. Ltd
08.06.2022
PeerJ, Inc PeerJ Inc |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2167-8359 2167-8359 |
| DOI | 10.7717/peerj.13483 |
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| Abstract | Gross motor coordination (GMC) is fundamental to the harmonious development of physical skills during the growth of children. This research aimed to explore the developmental changes in GMC during childhood, having controlled for the differences in children's body size and shape using a longitudinal, allometric scaling methodology.
A total of 104 children from North-East Italy of third-fourth- and fifth-grade students and each participant were tested for three consequently years. Subjects performed the short version of korperkoordinationstest fur kinder (KTK3) and the anthropometric characteristics were simultaneously collected. The physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-C) was used to evaluate the weekly physical engagement.
Ontogenetic multiplicative models suggested nonlinear associations with GMC across the children's developmental years. Linear physique was a significant predictor associated with the development of GMC across time. PAQ-C was significantly associated with GMC from 8 to 13 years old.
Growth does not respect linear trends. A greater lean body mass could be assessed as a reliable predictor of GMC in children. The crucial period of life to improve the GMC is 8-10 years, while stabilization becomes evident from 10 to 13 years. |
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| AbstractList | Background Gross motor coordination (GMC) is fundamental to the harmonious development of physical skills during the growth of children. This research aimed to explore the developmental changes in GMC during childhood, having controlled for the differences in children's body size and shape using a longitudinal, allometric scaling methodology. Methods A total of 104 children from North-East Italy of third-fourth- and fifth-grade students and each participant were tested for three consequently years. Subjects performed the short version of korperkoordinationstest fur kinder (KTK3) and the anthropometric characteristics were simultaneously collected. The physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-C) was used to evaluate the weekly physical engagement. Results Ontogenetic multiplicative models suggested nonlinear associations with GMC across the children's developmental years. Linear physique was a significant predictor associated with the development of GMC across time. PAQ-C was significantly associated with GMC from 8 to 13 years old. Conclusion Growth does not respect linear trends. A greater lean body mass could be assessed as a reliable predictor of GMC in children. The crucial period of life to improve the GMC is 8-10 years, while stabilization becomes evident from 10 to 13 years. Gross motor coordination (GMC) is fundamental to the harmonious development of physical skills during the growth of children. This research aimed to explore the developmental changes in GMC during childhood, having controlled for the differences in children's body size and shape using a longitudinal, allometric scaling methodology. A total of 104 children from North-East Italy of third-fourth- and fifth-grade students and each participant were tested for three consequently years. Subjects performed the short version of korperkoordinationstest fur kinder (KTK3) and the anthropometric characteristics were simultaneously collected. The physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-C) was used to evaluate the weekly physical engagement. Ontogenetic multiplicative models suggested nonlinear associations with GMC across the children's developmental years. Linear physique was a significant predictor associated with the development of GMC across time. PAQ-C was significantly associated with GMC from 8 to 13 years old. Growth does not respect linear trends. A greater lean body mass could be assessed as a reliable predictor of GMC in children. The crucial period of life to improve the GMC is 8-10 years, while stabilization becomes evident from 10 to 13 years. Gross motor coordination (GMC) is fundamental to the harmonious development of physical skills during the growth of children. This research aimed to explore the developmental changes in GMC during childhood, having controlled for the differences in children's body size and shape using a longitudinal, allometric scaling methodology. A total of 104 children from North-East Italy of third-fourth- and fifth-grade students and each participant were tested for three consequently years. Subjects performed the short version of korperkoordinationstest fur kinder (KTK3) and the anthropometric characteristics were simultaneously collected. The physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-C) was used to evaluate the weekly physical engagement. Ontogenetic multiplicative models suggested nonlinear associations with GMC across the children's developmental years. Linear physique was a significant predictor associated with the development of GMC across time. PAQ-C was significantly associated with GMC from 8 to 13 years old. Growth does not respect linear trends. A greater lean body mass could be assessed as a reliable predictor of GMC in children. The crucial period of life to improve the GMC is 8-10 years, while stabilization becomes evident from 10 to 13 years. Gross motor coordination (GMC) is fundamental to the harmonious development of physical skills during the growth of children. This research aimed to explore the developmental changes in GMC during childhood, having controlled for the differences in children's body size and shape using a longitudinal, allometric scaling methodology.BackgroundGross motor coordination (GMC) is fundamental to the harmonious development of physical skills during the growth of children. This research aimed to explore the developmental changes in GMC during childhood, having controlled for the differences in children's body size and shape using a longitudinal, allometric scaling methodology.A total of 104 children from North-East Italy of third-fourth- and fifth-grade students and each participant were tested for three consequently years. Subjects performed the short version of korperkoordinationstest fur kinder (KTK3) and the anthropometric characteristics were simultaneously collected. The physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-C) was used to evaluate the weekly physical engagement.MethodsA total of 104 children from North-East Italy of third-fourth- and fifth-grade students and each participant were tested for three consequently years. Subjects performed the short version of korperkoordinationstest fur kinder (KTK3) and the anthropometric characteristics were simultaneously collected. The physical activity questionnaire (PAQ-C) was used to evaluate the weekly physical engagement.Ontogenetic multiplicative models suggested nonlinear associations with GMC across the children's developmental years. Linear physique was a significant predictor associated with the development of GMC across time. PAQ-C was significantly associated with GMC from 8 to 13 years old.ResultsOntogenetic multiplicative models suggested nonlinear associations with GMC across the children's developmental years. Linear physique was a significant predictor associated with the development of GMC across time. PAQ-C was significantly associated with GMC from 8 to 13 years old.Growth does not respect linear trends. A greater lean body mass could be assessed as a reliable predictor of GMC in children. The crucial period of life to improve the GMC is 8-10 years, while stabilization becomes evident from 10 to 13 years.ConclusionGrowth does not respect linear trends. A greater lean body mass could be assessed as a reliable predictor of GMC in children. The crucial period of life to improve the GMC is 8-10 years, while stabilization becomes evident from 10 to 13 years. |
| ArticleNumber | e13483 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Lovecchio, Nicola Kawczyński, Adam Mieszkowski, Jan Giuriato, Matteo Carnevale Pellino, Vittoria Nevill, Alan Biino, Valentina |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Matteo orcidid: 0000-0002-4829-1447 surname: Giuriato fullname: Giuriato, Matteo organization: Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy, Department of Human Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland – sequence: 2 givenname: Nicola surname: Lovecchio fullname: Lovecchio, Nicola organization: Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Vittoria surname: Carnevale Pellino fullname: Carnevale Pellino, Vittoria organization: Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, Industrial Engineering, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Jan surname: Mieszkowski fullname: Mieszkowski, Jan organization: Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland – sequence: 5 givenname: Adam surname: Kawczyński fullname: Kawczyński, Adam organization: Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Paralympics Sports, Wrocław, Poland – sequence: 6 givenname: Alan surname: Nevill fullname: Nevill, Alan organization: Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, Walsall Campus, Walsall, UK, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, United Kingdom – sequence: 7 givenname: Valentina surname: Biino fullname: Biino, Valentina organization: Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy, Department of Human Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35698612$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Gross motor coordination (GMC) is fundamental to the harmonious development of physical skills during the growth of children. This research aimed to explore... Background Gross motor coordination (GMC) is fundamental to the harmonious development of physical skills during the growth of children. This research aimed to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Allometric approach Analysis Anatomy and Physiology Anthropometry Body mass Body mass index Body Size Child Child development Children Children's furniture Elementary school students Exercise Families & family life Growth Humans Kinesiology Lean body mass Motor ability Motor Skills Multilevel modeling Obesity Ontogeny Pediatrics Permits Physical activity Physical activity level Physical education Physical Fitness Public Health Sports facilities Training |
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| Title | Gross motor coordination and their relationship with body mass and physical activity level during growth in Children aged 8–11 years old: a longitudinal and allometric approach |
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