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Abstract Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential for molecular imaging in vivo 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . However, the utility of existing quantum dots for in vivo imaging is limited because they require excitation from external illumination sources to fluoresce, which results in a strong autofluorescence background and a paucity of excitation light at nonsuperficial locations. Here we present quantum dot conjugates that luminesce by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in the absence of external excitation. The conjugates are prepared by coupling carboxylate-presenting quantum dots to a mutant of the bioluminescent protein Renilla reniformis luciferase. We show that the conjugates emit long-wavelength (from red to near-infrared) bioluminescent light in cells and in animals, even in deep tissues, and are suitable for multiplexed in vivo imaging. Compared with existing quantum dots, self-illuminating quantum dot conjugates have greatly enhanced sensitivity in small animal imaging, with an in vivo signal-to-background ratio of > 10 3 for 5 pmol of conjugate.
AbstractList Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential for molecular imaging in vivo. However, the utility of existing quantum dots for in vivo imaging is limited because they require excitation from external illumination sources to fluoresce, which results in a strong autofluorescence background and a paucity of excitation light at nonsuperficial locations. Here we present quantum dot conjugates that luminesce by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in the absence of external excitation. The conjugates are prepared by coupling carboxylate-presenting quantum dots to a mutant of the bioluminescent protein Renilla reniformis luciferase. We show that the conjugates emit long-wavelength (from red to near-infrared) bioluminescent light in cells and in animals, even in deep tissues, and are suitable for multiplexed in vivo imaging. Compared with existing quantum dots, self-illuminating quantum dot conjugates have greatly enhanced sensitivity in small animal imaging, with an in vivo signal-to-background ratio of > 10(3) for 5 pmol of conjugate.Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential for molecular imaging in vivo. However, the utility of existing quantum dots for in vivo imaging is limited because they require excitation from external illumination sources to fluoresce, which results in a strong autofluorescence background and a paucity of excitation light at nonsuperficial locations. Here we present quantum dot conjugates that luminesce by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in the absence of external excitation. The conjugates are prepared by coupling carboxylate-presenting quantum dots to a mutant of the bioluminescent protein Renilla reniformis luciferase. We show that the conjugates emit long-wavelength (from red to near-infrared) bioluminescent light in cells and in animals, even in deep tissues, and are suitable for multiplexed in vivo imaging. Compared with existing quantum dots, self-illuminating quantum dot conjugates have greatly enhanced sensitivity in small animal imaging, with an in vivo signal-to-background ratio of > 10(3) for 5 pmol of conjugate.
Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential for molecular imaging in vivo. However, the utility of existing quantum dots for in vivo imaging is limited because they require excitation from external illumination sources to fluoresce, which results in a strong autofluorescence background and a paucity of excitation light at nonsuperficial locations. Here we present quantum dot conjugates that luminesce by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in the absence of external excitation. The conjugates are prepared by coupling carboxylate-presenting quantum dots to a mutant of the bioluminescent protein Renilla reniformis luciferase. We show that the conjugates emit long-wavelength (from red to near-infrared) bioluminescent light in cells and in animals, even in deep tissues, and are suitable for multiplexed in vivo imaging. Compared with existing quantum dots, self-illuminating quantum dot conjugates have greatly enhanced sensitivity in small animal imaging, with an in vivo signal-to-background ratio of > 10(3) for 5 pmol of conjugate.
Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential for molecular imaging in vivo 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . However, the utility of existing quantum dots for in vivo imaging is limited because they require excitation from external illumination sources to fluoresce, which results in a strong autofluorescence background and a paucity of excitation light at nonsuperficial locations. Here we present quantum dot conjugates that luminesce by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in the absence of external excitation. The conjugates are prepared by coupling carboxylate-presenting quantum dots to a mutant of the bioluminescent protein Renilla reniformis luciferase. We show that the conjugates emit long-wavelength (from red to near-infrared) bioluminescent light in cells and in animals, even in deep tissues, and are suitable for multiplexed in vivo imaging. Compared with existing quantum dots, self-illuminating quantum dot conjugates have greatly enhanced sensitivity in small animal imaging, with an in vivo signal-to-background ratio of > 10 3 for 5 pmol of conjugate.
Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential for molecular imaging in vivo super(1, ) super(2, ) super(3, ) super(4, ) super(5). However, the utility of existing quantum dots for in vivo imaging is limited because they require excitation from external illumination sources to fluoresce, which results in a strong autofluorescence background and a paucity of excitation light at nonsuperficial locations. Here we present quantum dot conjugates that luminesce by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer in the absence of external excitation. The conjugates are prepared by coupling carboxylate-presenting quantum dots to a mutant of the bioluminescent protein Renilla reniformis luciferase. We show that the conjugates emit long- wavelength (from red to near-infrared) bioluminescent light in cells and in animals, even in deep tissues, and are suitable for multiplexed in vivo imaging. Compared with existing quantum dots, self-illuminating quantum dot conjugates have greatly enhanced sensitivity in small animal imaging, with an in vivo signal-to-background ratio of > 10 super(3) for 5 pmol of conjugate.
Audience Academic
Author Rao, Jianghong
Gambhir, Sanjiv S
Xu, Chenjie
Loening, Andreas M
So, Min-Kyung
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Min-Kyung
  surname: So
  fullname: So, Min-Kyung
  organization: Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Chenjie
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Chenjie
  organization: Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Andreas M
  surname: Loening
  fullname: Loening, Andreas M
  organization: Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Sanjiv S
  surname: Gambhir
  fullname: Gambhir, Sanjiv S
  organization: Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Jianghong
  surname: Rao
  fullname: Rao, Jianghong
  email: jrao@stanford.edu
  organization: Department of Radiology & Bio-X Program, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Biophysics Program, Stanford University
BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17585399$$DView record in Pascal Francis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16501578$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Keywords Bioluminescence
Quantum dot
Semiconductor materials
Enzyme
Luciferase
Fluorescence
Imagery
In vivo
Tissue
Resonant energy transfer
Animal
Oxidoreductases
Conjugated compound
Language English
License http://www.springer.com/tdm
CC BY 4.0
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PublicationSubtitle The Science and Business of Biotechnology
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Nature
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16525407 - Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Mar;24(3):326-8
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SSID ssj0006466
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Snippet Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential for molecular imaging in vivo 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . However, the utility of existing quantum dots for...
Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential for molecular imaging in vivo. However, the utility of existing quantum dots for in vivo imaging is...
Fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots hold great potential for molecular imaging in vivo super(1, ) super(2, ) super(3, ) super(4, ) super(5). However, the...
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SubjectTerms Agriculture
Animals
Bioinformatics
Biological and medical sciences
Bioluminescence
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology
Biomedicine
Biotechnology
Diagnostic Imaging
Diverse techniques
Energy Transfer
Enzymes
Fluorescence
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
letter
Life Sciences
Luciferases - genetics
Luciferases - metabolism
Luminescent Measurements - methods
Mice
Mice, Nude
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Molecular and cellular biology
Quantum Dots
Renilla reniformis
Resonance
Scientific imaging
Semiconductors
Sensitivity and Specificity
Title Self-illuminating quantum dot conjugates for in vivo imaging
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nbt1188
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