Kallikreins on Steroids: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation of Prostate-Specific Antigen and the Extended Kallikrein Locus

• Published in: Endocrine reviews Vol. 31; no. 4; pp. 407 - 446
• Main Authors: Lawrence, Mitchell G, Lai, John, Clements, Judith A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD Endocrine Society 01.08.2010; Oxford University Press; Copyright by The Endocrine Society
• Subjects: Androgen receptors; Androgens; Androgens - pharmacology; Animal models; Animals; Antigens; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Breast - chemistry; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; Estrogens; Estrogens - pharmacology; Evolution, Molecular; Female; Functional morphology; Functionals; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Gene regulation; Genetic Loci - genetics; Glucocorticoids; Glucocorticoids - pharmacology; Hormones; Hormones - pharmacology; Humans; Kallikrein gene; Kallikreins; Kallikreins - chemistry; Kallikreins - genetics; Kallikreins - physiology; Loci; Male; Mineralocorticoids; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Nuclear receptors; Polymorphism, Genetic; Progestin; Progestins - pharmacology; Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics; Prostate; Prostate - chemistry; Prostate cancer; Prostate-specific antigen; Prostate-Specific Antigen - chemistry; Prostate-Specific Antigen - genetics; Prostate-Specific Antigen - physiology; Prostatic Neoplasms - blood; Proteolysis; Receptors; Regulatory sequences; Reproductive system; Serine peptidase; Steroid hormones; Steroids; Structure-function relationships; Transcription; Vertebrates: endocrinology; Prostate specific antigen; Steroid; Kallikrein; Review; Hormonal regulation; Kallikrein kinin system

The 15 members of the kallikrein-related serine peptidase (KLK) family have diverse tissue-specific expression profiles and putative proteolytic functions. The kallikrein family is also emerging as a rich source of disease biomarkers with KLK3, commonly known as prostate-specific antigen, being the...